Prevalence and risk factors for human leptospirosis in a rural district of Pelotas, a city in southernmost Brazil

Authors

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v9i10.8903

Keywords:

Leptospira; MAT; Serology; Zoonosis; Neglected disease.

Abstract

Leptospirosis is one of the most widespread zoonosis in the world. In humans, the disease is responsible for more than a million cases annually. The purpose of this study was to assess human seroprevalence to leptospirosis in a rural community of southernmost Brazil. Furthermore, we assess possible epidemiological cues associated with seroprevalence. A total of 216 individuals were enrolled in the study. With an overall seroprevalence of 21.3% (n=46), to at least one of the 12 antigens tested. Seroreactivity was associated with 13 of the investigated cues, including those associated with the individuals, their behavior, environment, domestic animals, and synanthropic rodents. While seroprevalence was not particularly high when compared to other studies in similar populations, some of the risk factors associated with the disease are easy to circumvent, and indications for policymakers and future studies are made within.

References

Adler, B. (2015). Leptospira and leptospirosis. Current Topics in Microbiology and Immunology, 387, 293.

Assenga, J. A., Matemba, L. E., Muller, S. K., Mhamphi, G. G., & Kazwala, R. R. (2015). Predominant Leptospiral Serogroups Circulating among Humans, Livestock and Wildlife in Katavi-Rukwa Ecosystem, Tanzania. PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases, 9, 3.

Azócar-Aedo, L., Monti, G., & Jara, R. (2014). Leptospira spp. in domestic cats from different environments: prevalence of antibodies and risk factors associated with the seropositivity. Animals, 4, 612-626.

Benschop, J., Heuer, C., Jaros, P., Collins-Emerson, J., Midwinter, A., & Wilson, P. (2009). Sero-prevalence of leptospirosis in workers at a New Zealand slaughterhouse. New Zealand Medicine Journal, 122, 39–47.

Bharti, A.R., Nally, J. E., Ricaldi, J. N., Matthias, M. A., Diaz, M. M., Lovett, M. A., Levett, P. N., Gilman, R. H., Willig, M. R., Gotuzzo, E., & Vinetz, J. M. (2003). Leptospirosis: a zoonotic disease of global importance. Lancet Infectious Diseases, 3, 757–771.

Caminiti, T. R., Romani, R. F., Wong, C. P., & Alarcon, V. J. (2011). Prácticas laborales de riesgo en cultivadores de arroz del valle del Alto Mayo, Región San Martín, Perú. Revista Peruana de Epidemiologia, 15, 6.

Chadsuthi, S., Bicout, D. J., Wiratsudakul, A., Suwancharoen, D., Petkanchanapong, W., Modchang, C., Triampo, W., Ratanakorn, P., & Chalvet-Monfray, K. (2017). Investigation on predominant Leptospira serovars and its distribution in humans and livestock in Thailand, 2010-2015. PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases, 11, 2.

Cunha, C. E. P., Felix, S. R., Seixas Neto, A. C. P., Felix, A. C., Kremer, F. S., Monte, L. G., Amaral, M. G., Nobre, M. O., Silva, É. F., Hartleben, C. P., McBride, A. J. A., & Dellagostin, O. A. (2016). Infection with Leptospira kirschneri Serovar Mozdok: First Report from the Southern Hemisphere. The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 94, 519-521.

Escadón-Vargas, K., Osorio, L., & Astudillo-Hernández, M. (2017). Seroprevalence and factors associated with Leptospira infection in an urban district of Cali, Colombia. Cadernos de Saúde Pública, 33, 1-14.

Faine, S. B., Adler, B., Bolin, C., & Perolat, P. (1999). Leptospira and leptospirosis. 2nd edition. Melbourne, Australia: MediSci.

Hartskeerl, R. A., Collares-Pereira, M., & Ellis, W.A. (2011). Emergence, control and re-emerging leptospirosis: dynamics of infection in the changing world. Clinical Microbiology and Infection, 17, 494–501.

IBGE (2010). Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística. Retrieved from https://ww2.ibge.gov.br/home/estatistica/populacao/censo2010/sinopse/sinopse_tab_brasil_zip.shtm.

Khairani-Bejo S., Bahaman, A. R., Zamri-Saad, M., & Mutalib, A. R. (2004). The survival of Leptospira interrogans serovar Hardjo in the Malaysian environment. Journal of Animal and Veterinary Advances, 3, 123-129.

Pereira, A. S., Shitsuka, D. M., Parreira, F. J., & Shitsuka, R. (2018). Metodologia da pesquisa científica. [e-book]. Santa Maria. Ed. UAB/NTE/UFSM. Retrieved from https://repositorio.ufsm.br/bitstream/handle/1/15824/Lic_Computacao_Metodologia-Pesquisa-Cientifica.pdf?sequence=1

Picardeau, M., Bertherat, E., Jancloes, M., Skouloudis, A. N., Durski, K., & Hartskeerl, R. A. (2014). Rapid tests for diagnosis of leptospirosis: current tools and emerging technologies Diagnostic. Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, 78, 1-8.

Samsudin, S., Masri, S. N., Jamaluddin, T. Z. M. T., Saudi, S. N. S., Ariffin U. K. M., Namran, F., & Osman, M. (2015). Seroprevalence of Leptospiral Antibodies among Healthy Municipal Service Workers in Selangor. Advances in Public Health, 2015, 1-6.

Schneider, M. C. Najera, P., Pereira, M. M., Machado, G., Anjos, C. B., Rodrigues, R. O., Cavagni, G. M., Muñoz-Zanzi, C., Corbellini, L. G., Leone, M., Buss, D. F., Aldighieri, S., & Espinal, M. A. (2015). Leptospirosis in Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil: An Ecosystem Approach in the Animal- Human Interface. PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases, 9, 11.

Silva, É.F., Santos, C.S., Athanazio, D.A., Seyffert, N., Seixas, F. K., Cerqueira, G. M., Fagundes, M. Q., Brod, C. S., Reis, M. G., Dellagostin, O. A., & Ko, A. I. (2008). Characterization of virulence of Leptospira isolates in a hamster model. Vaccine, 26, 3892-3896.

Silva, É. F., Cerqueira, G. M., Seyffert, N., Seixas, F. K., Hartwig, D. D., Athanazio, D. A., Pinto, L. S., Queiroz, A., Ko, A. I., Brod, C. S., & Dellagostin, O. A. (2009). Leptospira noguchii and Human and Animal Leptospirosis, Southern Brazil. Emerging Infectious Disease, 15, 621-623.

Silva, É. F., Félix, S. R., Cerqueira, G. M., Fagundes, M. Q., Seixas Neto, A. C. P., Grassmann, A. A., Amaral, M. G., Gallina, T., & Dellagostin, O. A. (2010). Preliminary Characterization of Mus musculus-Derived Pathogenic Strains of Leptospira borgpetersenii Serogroup Ballum in a Hamster Model. The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 83, 336-337.

Thrusfield, M. (2007). Veterinary Epidemiology. (3rd ed.), Blackwell Science, Oxford.

WHO. World Health Organization (2003). Human leptospirosis: guidance for diagnosis, surveillance and control, Malta.

Zacarias, F. G. S., Vasconcellos, S. A., Anzai, E. K., Giraldi, N., Freitas, J. C., & Hartskeerl, R. (2008). Isolation of Leptospira Serovars Canicola and Copenhageni from cattle urine in the state of Paraná, Brazil. Brazilian Journal of Microbiology, 39, 484-488.

Downloads

Published

12/10/2020

How to Cite

MACHADO, G. B. .; SEIXAS NETO, A. C. P. .; FORTES, T. P. .; DEWES, C.; BORSUK, S.; VASCONCELLOS, F. A.; FELIX, S. R. .; SILVA, Éverton F. da . Prevalence and risk factors for human leptospirosis in a rural district of Pelotas, a city in southernmost Brazil. Research, Society and Development, [S. l.], v. 9, n. 10, p. e6429108903, 2020. DOI: 10.33448/rsd-v9i10.8903. Disponível em: https://rsdjournal.org/index.php/rsd/article/view/8903. Acesso em: 25 nov. 2024.

Issue

Section

Health Sciences