Three analytical schemes to analyze international trafficking in people: in search of a political conception of violence

Authors

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v10i1.11993

Keywords:

International Trafficking in Persons; Transnational Crimes; Political Theory; Violence; Political violence.

Abstract

The objective of this essay is to delimit an analytical scheme on International Trafficking in Persons (ITP), considering its peculiarities, in search of a sociological and juridical conception that assesses the notion of the trafficked person and the status of the victim. Methodologically, we undertake an exploratory study, in order to achieve a descriptive objective, based on bibliographic, documentary and statistical procedures. Thus, we delimit the need for the articulation of several social, political and economic elements that can account for a multifaceted, economical, sociological and political phenomenon that affect the ways in which ITP takes root in the structure of a country. We therefore developed a conceptual, sociological-legal and political tripartite scheme. The three schemes can allow a more accurate reading of a crime no longer read under just one lens. We refer to the idea that a political conception of International Trafficking in Persons demands a sociological conception that analyzes social dynamics, with a view to guaranteeing the victim's rights, in order to stop this crime.

References

Abu, Ofir, & Zarhin, D. (2019) Between Universal Human Rights and Ethno-National Values: Israel's Contested Adoption of the Global Anti-Trafficking Norm. Israel Studies, 24(3), 180–203. www.jstor.org/stable/10.2979/israelstudies.24.3.08.

Anwary, A. (2007). Anti-Sex Trafficking Movement of Bangladesh and the Theories of Transnational Social Movements. Social Thought & Research, 28, 109–142. www.jstor.org/stable/23252123.

Ausserer, C. (2008). ‘Control in the Name of Protection’: A Critical Analysis of the Discourse of International Human Trafficking as a Form of Forced Migration. St Antony's International Review, 4(1), 96–114. www.jstor.org/stable/26225808.

Baptista, V. F. Das lógicas em disputa no direito a ter direito no contexto das medidas protetivas. Revista Eletrônica Espaço Acadêmico (Online), 20, 174-187, 2020a. http://periodicos.uem.br/ojs/index.php/EspacoAcademico/article/view/53430

Baptista, V. F. The critique of justice in the debate between Nancy Fraser and Axel Honneth: notes toward a critical theory. Revista Argentina de Ciencia Política, 1(25), 37-62, 2020b. http://https//publicaciones.sociales.uba.ar/index.php/revistaargentinacienciapolitica/article/view/6141

Baptista, V. F. Violência contra à mulher e perspectivas de ações programáticas: o sentido estrutural da violência direta e indireta. Revista do Núcleo de Estudos e Pesquisas em Gênero & Direito (UFPB), 8, 214-236, 2019. http://https//periodicos.ufpb.br/ojs/index.php/ged/article/view/47763

Cabezas, A. (2016). Invisible Dominican Women: Discourses of Trafficking into Puerto Rico. Cadernos Pagu, 47, 1-33, e16477. http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0104-83332016000200402&lng=en&nrm=iso.

Cockbain, E., & Bowers, K. (2019). Human trafficking for sex, labour and domestic servitude: how do key trafficking types compare and what are their predictors?. Crime, Law and Social Change, 72, 9–34. Recuperado de https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10611-019-09836-7.

Charlesworth, H. (2000). Martha Nussbaum's Feminist Internationalism. Ethics, 111(1), 64–78. www.jstor.org/stable/10.1086/233419.

Cho, S. Y. (2012). Integrating Equality: Globalization, Women's Rights, and Human Trafficking. International Studies Quarterly, 57(4), 683–697. www.jstor.org/stable/24014642.

Choi, E. (2014). North Korean Women's Narratives of Migration: Challenging Hegemonic Discourses of Trafficking and Geopolitics. Annals of the Association of American Geographers, 104(2), 271–279. www.jstor.org/stable/24537719.

Desyllas, M. C. (2007). A Critique of the Global Trafficking Discourse and U.S. Policy. The Journal of Sociology & Social Welfare, 34(4), 57-80. https://scholarworks.wmich.edu/jssw/vol34/iss4/4.

Farrell, A., & Pfeffer, R. (2014). Policing Human Trafficking: Cultural Blinders and Organizational Barriers. The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, 653, 46–64. www.jstor.org/stable/24541774.

Freire, S. M. V. (2017). Tráfico Internacional de Pessoas e Cooperação Internacional: Um Olhar no Brasil. Lumen Juris, 2017.

Frescura, L. (2006). 'There Is No Escape from That Miserable Life'. Agenda: Empowering Women for Gender Equity, 70, 139–144. www.jstor.org/stable/4066749.

Ghosh, B. (2014). Vulnerability, Forced Migration and Trafficking in Children and Women: A Field View from the Plantation Industry in West Bengal. Economic and Political Weekly, 49(26/27), 58–65. www.jstor.org/stable/24480169.

Goodey, J. (2004). Sex Trafficking in Women from Central and East European Countries: Promoting a 'Victim-Centred' and 'Woman-Centred' Approach to Criminal Justice Intervention, Feminist Review, 6, 26–45, 2004. www.jstor.org/stable/1395927.

Lansink‚ A. (2006). Human Rights Focus on Trafficked Women: An International Law and Feminist Perspective. Agenda: Empowering Women for Gender Equity, 70, 45–56. JSTOR, www.jstor.org/stable/4066725.

Ling, B. (2018). Prostitution and Female Trafficking in China: Between Phenomena and Discourse. China Perspectives, 113(1-2), 65–74. www.jstor.org/stable/26531913.

Meshkovska, B. et al. (2015). Female Sex Trafficking: Conceptual Issues, Current Debates, and Future Directions, The Journal of Sex Research, 52(4), 380-395. https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00224499.2014.1002126.

Ministério da Justiça. (2017). Relatório Nacional sobre o Tráfico de Pessoas: Dados 2014 a 2016. Brasília, Ministério da Justiça. <https://www.justica.gov.br/sua-protecao/trafico-de-pessoas/publicacoes/relatorio-de-dados.pdf>.

Munro, V. E. (2006). Stopping Traffic? A Comparative Study of Responses to the Trafficking in Women for Prostitution. The British Journal of Criminology, 46(2), 318–333. www.jstor.org/stable/23639379.

Ne, F. Y. (2018). Human Trafficking: In the Shadows of the Law. S. Rajaratnam School of International Studies, 1–10. www.jstor.org/stable/resrep26880.

Nucci, G. S. (2015). Prostituição, Lenocínio e Tráfico de Pessoas: Aspectos Constitucionais e Penais. (2a ed.), Forense.

Parliament of the United Kingdom. (1885). Criminal Law Amendment Act 1885. http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/1885/act/69/enacted/en/print.

Pereira, A. S. et al. (2018). Metodologia da pesquisa científica. Ed. UAB/NTE/UFSM. https://repositorio.ufsm.br/bitstream/handle/1/15824/ Lic_Computacao_Metodologia-Pesquisa-Cientifica.pdf?sequence=1

Petersen, K. L. (2001). Trafficking in Women: The Danish Construction of Baltic Prostitution. Cooperation and Conflict, 36(2), 213–238. www.jstor.org/stable/45084008.

Rodrigues, T. C. Tráfico Internacional de Pessoas para Exploração Sexual. Saraiva, 2013.

Santos, B. S., Gomes‚ C., & Duarte, M. (2010). The Sexual Trafficking of Women: Representations of Illegality and Victimisation, Revista Crítica de Ciênciais Sociais Annual Review [Online], 2, 167-191. http://journals.openedition.org/rccsar/247.

Sharapov, K. (2017). Traffickers and Their Victims: Anti-Trafficking Policy in the United Kingdom. Critical Sociology, 43(1), 91-111. https://doi.org/10.1177/0896920515598562.

Shelley, L. (2003). Trafficking in Women: The Business Model Approach. The Brown Journal of World Affairs, (1), 119–131. www.jstor.org/stable/24590598.

Singh, D. Piercing the veil on trafficking in women. (2004). The Comparative and International Law Journal of Southern Africa, 37(3), 340–363. www.jstor.org/stable/23252164.

Smith, A. S. P. O. Tráfico de Pessoas para Exploração Sexual. Lumen Juris, 2017.

Secretaria Nacional de Justiça. (2013). Tráfico de Pessoas: uma Abordagem para os Direitos Humanos. 1. ed. Brasília: Ministério da Justiça, 2013. https://www.justica.gov.br/sua-protecao/trafico-de-pessoas/publicacoes/anexos/cartilha_traficodepessoas_uma_abordadem_direitos_humanos.pdf

Sousa, T. R. (2016). Tráfico de mulheres e exploração sexual: análise sobre o atendimento às vítimas. Revista Katálysis, 19(2), 270-280. http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1414-49802016000200270&lng=en&nrm=iso

Stoyanova, V. (2017). The Relationship between the Concept of Human Trafficking and the Concepts of Slavery, Servitude and Forced Labour. In: Human Trafficking and Slavery Reconsidered: Conceptual Limits and States' Positive Obligations in European Law. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, p. 292-318, 2017.10.1017/9781316677070.007.

Swanson, J. (2016). Sexual liberation or violence against women? The debate on the legalization of prostitution and the relationship to human trafficking. New Criminal Law Review: An International and Interdisciplinary Journal, 19(4), 592–639. www.jstor.org/stable/26417715.

United Nations. (1921). International Convention for the Suppression of the Traffic in Women and Children. Geneva, 30 September 1921. https://treaties.un.org/Pages/ViewDetails.aspx?src=TREATY&mtdsg_no=VII-3&chapter=7&clang=_en

United Nations. (1933). International Convention for the Suppression of the Traffic in Women of Full Age. Geneva, 11 October 1933. https://treaties.un.org/Pages/ViewDetails.aspx?src=TREATY&mtdsg_no=VII-5&chapter=7&clang=_en

United Nations. (1904). International Agreement for the Suppression of the White Slave Traffic, signed at Paris on 18 May 1904, amended by the Protocol signed at Lake Success, New York, 4 May 1949. https://treaties.un.org/doc/Treaties/1951/06/19510621%2010-34%20PM/Ch_VII_7p.pdf

United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime. (2018). Relatório Global sobre Tráfico de Pessoas – Perfil do País da América do Sul. United Nations: New York. https://www.unodc.org/documents/lpo-brazil//Topics_TIP/Publicacoes/2018_GloTiP_South_America.pdf.

United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime. United Nations Convention Against Transnational Organized Crime and The Protocols Thereto. United Nations: New York, 2004.https://www.unodc.org/documents/treaties/UNTOC/Publications/TOC%20Convention/TOCebook-e.pdf

Van Dijck, M. (2005). Trafficking in Human Beings: a Literature Survey. Tilburg, Netherlands: Tilburg University.

Venson, A. M., & Pedro, J. M. (2013). Tráfico de pessoas: uma história do conceito. Revista Brasileira de História, 33(65), 61-83. <http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0102-01882013000100003&lng=en&nrm=iso>.

Watson, J., Silkstone‚ C. (2006). Human Trafficking as a Form of Gender-Based Violence: Protecting the Victim. Agenda: Empowering Women for Gender Equity, 70, 110–118. www.jstor.org/stable/4066741.

Weekes, A. (2006). South African Anti-Trafficking Legislation: A Critique of Control over Women's Freedom of Movement and Sexuality. Agenda: Empowering Women for Gender Equity, 70, 29–37. www.jstor.org/stable/4066723.

Zuquete, J. G. Pais E. S., Souza, E. R., & Deslandes, S. F. (2016). Concepções sobre o tráfico de mulheres para fins de exploração sexual: um estudo com representantes institucionais no Brasil e em Portugal. Cadernos de Saúde Pública, Rio de Janeiro, 32(10), 1-11, e00075415. http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0102-311X2016001005003&lng=en&nrm=iso

Published

21/01/2021

How to Cite

BAPTISTA, V. F. . Three analytical schemes to analyze international trafficking in people: in search of a political conception of violence. Research, Society and Development, [S. l.], v. 10, n. 1, p. e42110111993, 2021. DOI: 10.33448/rsd-v10i1.11993. Disponível em: https://rsdjournal.org/index.php/rsd/article/view/11993. Acesso em: 24 apr. 2024.

Issue

Section

Human and Social Sciences