Estimative of royalties: appropriation of gains provided by innovations associated with plant breeding
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v10i13.21497Keywords:
Genetic improvement; Productivity; Intellectual property.Abstract
Genetic breeding is based on the inheritance of quantitative traits, which provides the basis for developing methods that can be used to increase the rate of genetic improvement, known as genetic gain. Through selection, new varieties of plants can be obtained, which can be protected. Thus, this research investigates the mechanisms for estimating royalties in protected cultivars and the importance of genetic gains in such estimations. A systematic review was carried out based on articles published in 10 years, from 2009 to 2019, in the scientific bases Scopus (71) and Web of Science (73). The main crop, take as an example, was sugar cane. A survey of documents was carried out containing the Boolean terms and operators: “(genetic * and gain) and (sugarcane or cane)” in the title and/or abstract. One hundred forty-four articles were searched. After processing the data and removing duplicate documents, 107 scientific articles remained. With an average publication of 6.38 publications per year. Average of 14.6 citations per document. There were 463 authors and 456 co-authors, with nine documents having single authorship and an average of 4.33 authors per article. After the refinement process, a study sample of 25 articles was obtained. The analyzed journals provided information about the estimates, applied model, and study variables, being of great importance in constructing a linear regression model of royalty valuation linked to intellectual property rights related to the breeder of plant breeding.
References
Aria, M., & Cuccurullo, C. (2017). bibliometrix: An R-tool for comprehensive science mapping analysis. Journal of Informetrics, 11(4), 959–975. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joi.2017.08.007
Bezerra, J. D. C., Ferreira, G. D. G., Oliveira, M. W. de, Campos, J. M. de S., Andrade, A. P. de, & Nascimento Júnior, J. R. S. do. (2018). Sugar cane: genetic improvement and forage purposes. Nucleus Animalium, 10(2), 131–147. https://doi.org/10.3738/21751463.3518
Bhering, L. L., Laviola, B. G., Salgado, C. C., Sanchez, C. F. B., Rosado, T. B., & Alves, A. A. (2012). Genetic gains in physic nut using selection indexes. Pesquisa Agropecuaria Brasileira, 47(3), 402–408. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0100-204X2012000300012
BRASIL. (1997). Lei no 9.456, de 25 de abril de 1997. Institui a Lei de Proteção de Cultivares e Dá Outras Providências. http://www.planalto.gov.br/ccivil_03/leis/l9456.htm
BRASIL. (2003). Lei no 10.711, de 5 de agosto de 2003. Dispõe Sobre o Sistema Nacional de Sementes e Mudas e Dá Outras Providências. http://www.planalto.gov.br/ccivil_03/leis/2003/l10.711.htm
BRASIL. (2004). Lei no 10.973, de 2 de dezembro de 2004. Dispõe Sobre Incentivos à Inovação e à Pesquisa Científica e Tecnológica No Ambiente Produtivo e Dá Outras Providências. http://www.planalto.gov.br/ccivil_03/_ato2004-2006/2004/lei/l10.973.htm
BRASIL. (2017). Extrato de parecer técnico no 5.483/2017. Comissão Técnica Nacional de Biossegurança – CTNBio. Diário Oficial Da República Federativa Do Brasil. https://www.in.gov.br/materia/-/asset_publisher/Kujrw0TZC2Mb/content/id/55445015
BRASIL. (2018). Extrato de parecer técnico no 6.235/2018. Comissão Técnica Nacional de Biossegurança – CTNBio. Diário Oficial Da República Federativa Do Brasil. https://www.in.gov.br/materia/-/asset_publisher/Kujrw0TZC2Mb/content/id/55445015
Bruch, K. L., & Pinto Vieira, A. C. (2016). Inovação e desenvolvimento tecnológico na rizicultura: uma análise da proteção de cultivares. Revista de Propriedade Intelectual - Direito Constitucional e Contemporâneo, 10(1), 234–260. https://doi.org/10.16928/2316-8080.V10N1p.234-260
Bueno, A., & Torkomian, A. L. V. (2018). Índices de licenciamento e de comercialização de tecnologias para núcleos de inovação tecnológica baseados em boas práticas internacionais. Encontros Bibli: Revista Eletrônica de Biblioteconomia e Ciência Da Informação, 23(51), 95–107. https://doi.org/10.5007/1518-2924.2018v23n51p95
Correa, C. M., Shachikant, S., & Meienberg, F. (2015). Plant Variety Protection for Developing Countries. A Tool to Design a Sui Generis Plant Variety Protection System: An Alternative to UPOV 1991. APBREBES. https://www.apbrebes.org/news/plant-variety-protection-developing-countries-tool-design-sui-generis-plant-variety-protection
Crevelari, J. A., Pereira, M. G., Azevedo, F. H. V., & Vieira, R. A. M. (2019). Genetic improvement of silage maize: predicting genetic gain using selection indexes and best linear unbiased prediction. Revista Ciência Agronômica, 50(2), 197–204. https://doi.org/10.5935/1806-6690.20190023
Cruz, C. D. (2013). GENES - Software para análise de dados em estatística experimental e em genética quantitativa. Acta Scientiarum - Agronomy, 35(3), 271–276. https://doi.org/10.4025/actasciagron.v35i3.21251
de Azeredo, A. A. C., Bhering, L. L., Brasileiro, B. P., Cruz, C. D., Silveira, L. C. I., Oliveira, R. A., Bespalhok Filho, J. C., & Daros, E. (2017). Comparison between different selection indices in energy cane breeding. Genetics and Molecular Research, 16(1), 1–12. https://doi.org/10.4238/gmr16019535
De Morais, L. K., De Aguiar, M. S., De Albuquerque E Silva, P., Marinho Câmara, T. M., Cursi, D. E., Fernandes Jú Nior, A. R., Chapola, R. G., Carneiro, M. S., & Bespalhok Filho, J. C. (2015). Breeding of sugarcane. In Industrial Crops: Breeding for Bioenergy and Bioproducts (pp. 29–42). Springer New York. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-1447-0_2
Donato, H., & Donato, M. (2019). Etapas na Condução de uma Revisão Sistemática. Acta Médica Portuguesa, 32(3), 227. https://doi.org/10.20344/amp.11923
Dumont, T., Thong-Chane, A., Barau, L., Siegmund, B., & Hoarau, J.-Y. (2019). Genetic Variabilities and Genetic Gains for Yield Components in Regional Sugarcane Breeding Programmes on Réunion Island. Sugar Tech, 21(6), 868–878. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12355-019-00718-9
Dutra Filho, J. A., Junior, T. C., & Simões Neto, D. E. (2014). Phenotype adaptability and stability of sugarcane genotypes in the sugarcane belt of the State of Pernambuco, Brazil. Genetics and Molecular Research, 13(3), 6865–6877.
EMBRAPA. (2021). Árvore do conhecimento cana-de-açúcar. https://www.agencia.cnptia.embrapa.br/gestor/cana-de-acucar/arvore/CONTAG01_33_ 711200516717.html.
Endres, A. B., & Goldsmith, P. D. (2007). Alternative business strategies in weak intellectual property environments: A law & economics analysis of the agro-biotechnology firm’s strategic dilemma. Journal of Intellectual Property Law, 14(2)(237–268).
Goldsmith, P., Ramos, G., & Steiger, C. (2006). Intellectual property piracy in a North-South context: empirical evidence. Agricultural Economics, 35(3), 335–349. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-0862.2006.00166.x
Hervouet, A., & Langinier, C. (2018). Plant breeders’ rights, patents, and incentives to innovate. Journal of Agricultural and Resource Economics, 43(1), 118–150. https://doi.org/10.22004/ag.econ.267613
Juk, Y. V., & Fuck, M. P. (2020). Questões sobre proteção de cultivares no Brasil. Cadernos de Ciência & Tecnologia, 37(3), 26794. https://doi.org/10.35977/0104-1096.cct2020.v37.26794
Le Buanec, B., & Ricroch, A. (2014). Intellectual property protection of plant innovation. In Plant Biotechnology: Experience and Future Prospects (Vol. 9783319068923, pp. 59–73). Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-06892-3_6
Masuka, B., Atlin, G. N., Olsen, M., Magorokosho, C., Labuschagne, M., Crossa, J., Bänziger, M., Pixley, K. V., Vivek, B. S., von Biljon, A., Macrobert, J., Alvarado, G., Prasanna, B. M., Makumbi, D., Tarekegne, A., Das, B., Zaman-Allah, M., & Cairns, J. E. (2017). Gains in Maize Genetic Improvement in Eastern and Southern Africa: I. CIMMYT Hybrid Breeding Pipeline. Crop Science, 57(1), 168–179. https://doi.org/10.2135/cropsci2016.05.0343
Mbuma, N. W., Zhou, M. M., & van der Merwe, R. (2017). Identifying Elite Families and Determining Optimum Family Selection Rates in Sugarcane Breeding. Crop Science, 57(5), 2525–2537. https://doi.org/10.2135/cropsci2017.01.0011
Medeiros, I. L., Vieira, A., Braviano, G., & Gonçalves, B. S. (2015). Systematic Review and Bibliometrics facilitated by a Canvas for information visualization. InfoDesign - Brazilian Journal of Information Design, 12(1), 93–110. https://www.infodesign.org.br/infodesign/article/view/341
MINISTÉRIO DE MINAS E ENERGIA. (2021). RonovaBio. http://antigo.mme.gov.br/web/guest/secretarias/petroleo-gas-natural-e-biocombustiveis/acoes-e-programas/programas/renovabio.
Morini, M. S. de C., Silva, O. G. M. da, Zambon, V., & Nocelli, R. C. F. (2017). Cultura de Cana-de-açúcar no Brasil: Manejo, Impactos Econômicos, Sociais e Ambientais. In Cana-de-açúcar e seus impactos: uma visão acadêmica. Organizadores: Fontanetti, S. e Bueno, O. C. (pp. 31–50). Canal 6.
OECD/FAO. (2020). Sugar. In OECD-FAO Agricultural Outlook 2020-2029 (pp. 150–161). Rome/OECD.
Page, M. J., McKenzie, J. E., Bossuyt, P. M., Boutron, I., Hoffmann, T. C., Mulrow, C. D., Shamseer, L., Tetzlaff, J. M., Akl, E. A., Brennan, S. E., Chou, R., Glanville, J., Grimshaw, J. M., Hróbjartsson, A., Lalu, M. M., Li, T., Loder, E. W., Mayo-Wilson, E., McDonald, S., & Moher, D. (2021). The PRISMA 2020 statement: an updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews. BMJ, 71. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.n71
Pereira, R. S., Santos, I. C., Oliveira, K. D. S., & Leão, N. C. A. (2019). Meta-analysis as a research tool: a systematic review of bibliometric studies in administration. RAM. Revista de Administração Mackenzie, 20(5). https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-6971/eramg190186
Pereira, T. B., Carvalho, J. P. F., Botelho, C. E., Resende, M. D. V. de, Rezende, J. C. de, & Mendes, A. N. G. (2013). Eficiência da seleção de progênies de café F4 pela metodologia de modelos mistos (REML/BLUP). Bragantia, 72(3), 230–236. https://doi.org/10.1590/brag.2013.031
QGIS.org. (2021). QGIS Geographic Information System (3.4). QGIS Association. . https://docs.qgis.org/3.16/en/docs/developers_guide/index.html
R Core Team. (2020). R: A language and environment for statistical computing (4.0.2). R Foundation on Statistical Computing (1.3.1073).
RIDESA. (2021). Melhoramento Genético da Cana-de-açúcar. https://www.ridesa.com.br/
Rodrigues, R. S., & Fachin, G. R. B. (2010). Portal de periódicos científicos: um trabalho multidisciplinar. Transinformação, 22(1), 33–45. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0103-37862010000100003
Rodrigues, W. P., Vieira, H. D., Barbosa, D. H. S. G., Souza Filho, G. R., & Candido, L. S. (2013). Adaptability and genotypic stability of Coffea arabica genotypes based on REML/BLUP analysis in Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil. Genetics and Molecular Research, 12(3), 2391–2399.
RStudio Team. (2016). RStudio: Integrated Development for R (1.1.463). MA: RStudio. http://www.rstudio.com/
Sá, C. D. de. (2018). Estratégias de apropriação de valor: conectando a visão baseada em recursos à teoria de direitos de propriedade. Universidade de São Paulo.
Sembay, M., Luiz Pinto, A., De Macedo, D. D. J., & Moreiro-González, J. A. (2020). Aplicação da Lei de Bradford a pesquisas relacionadas a Open Government. Anales de Documentación, 23(1), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.6018/analesdoc.326771
Silva, E. J. de S., Silva-Mann, R., & Calazans, C. C. (2021). Royalties para cultivares, legislação e regulação: Uma meta-análise. Research, Society and Development, 10(4), e31710414231. https://doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v10i4.14231
Silva, L. A., Teodoro, P. E., Peixoto, L. A., Assis, C., Gasparini, K., Barbosa, M. H. P., & Bhering, L. L. (2017). Selecting sugarcane genotypes by the selection index reveals high gain for technological quality traits. Genetics and Molecular Research, 16(2), 1–12. https://doi.org/10.4238/gmr16029678
Tavares, E. Q. P., De Souza, A. P., Romim, G. H., Grandis, A., Plasencia, A., Gaiarsa, J. W., Grima-Pettenati, J., de Setta, N., Van Sluys, M.-A., & Buckeridge, M. S. (2019). The control of endopolygalacturonase expression by the sugarcane RAV transcription factor during aerenchyma formation. Journal of Experimental Botany, 70(2), 497–506. https://doi.org/10.1093/jxb/ery362
Teles, G. C., & Fuck, M. P. (2019). Inovação e apropriabilidade sobre sementes de soja no Brasil. Revista de Economia, 39(69), 1–29. https://doi.org/10.5380/re.v39i69.67892
Verissimo, M. A. A., Oliveira, R. A. de, Silva, S. D. dos A. e, Daros, E., & Härter, A. (2018). Genetic parameters and performance of sugarcane families under cold stress in the South of Brazil. Pesquisa Agropecuária Brasileira, 53(5), 583–592. https://doi.org/10.1590/s0100-204x2018000500007
Zhou, M. M., & Gwata, E. T. (2015). Location Effects and Their Implications in Breeding for Sugarcane Yield and Quality in the Midlands Region in South Africa. Crop Science, 55(6), 2628–2638. https://doi.org/10.2135/cropsci2015.02.0101
Zhou, M. M., & Gwata, E. T. (2016). Quantifying Sugarcane Cultivar Genetic Gains in the Midlands Region of South Africa. Agronomy Journal, 108(1), 342–348. https://doi.org/10.2134/agronj2015.0141
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2021 Eduardo José de Souza Silva; Crislaine Costa Calazans; Valdinete Vieira Nunes; Renata Silva-Mann
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
1) Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
2) Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
3) Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work.