Covid-19 among the population deprived of liberty in Brazil and in the state of Paraná

Authors

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v10i15.23065

Keywords:

COVID-19; Coronavirus Infections; Public Health; Prisioners.

Abstract

The aim of this study was to compare Covid-19 incidence and mortality among population deprived of liberty (PDL), prison staff and general population in Brazil and in the state of Paraná. The methods consisted in data collection from weekly reports from the Nacional Justice Board and Health Ministry, between June and December 2020. Covid-19 testing, infection, mortality, and lethality rates were compared among PDL, prison staff and Brazil and Paraná’s general population. As for the results, compared to the general population, the relative risk of Covid-19 confirmed case among PDL was 1.594 (CI 95% 1.578 – 1.610) in Brazil and 3.055 (CI 95% 2.941 – 3.173) in Paraná. The proportion of test per national population was 22.86%, 44.42% and 4.45% among PDL, prison staff and general population, respectively. In Paraná, the testing rate was 8.19% in PDL, 42.98% in prison staff and 12.70% in the general population. In conclusion, the proportion of Covid-19 cases is greater in prisons than in the general population and the testing of PDL should be amplified.

References

Akiyama, M. J., Spaulding, A. C., & Rich, J. D. (2020). Flattening the Curve for Incarcerated Populations - Covid-19 in Jails and Prisons. The New England journal of medicine, 382(22), 2075–2077. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMp2005687

Barnert E. S. (2020). COVID-19 and Youth Impacted by Juvenile and Adult Criminal Justice Systems. Pediatrics, 146(2), e20201299. https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2020-1299.

Departamento Penitenciário Nacional (DEPEN). (2017). INFOPEN. http://depen.gov.br/DEPEN/depen/sisdepen/infopen

Carvalho, S. G., Santos, A., & Santos, I. M. (2020). The pandemic in prison: interventions and overisolation. A pandemia no cárcere: intervenções no superisolamento. Ciencia & saude coletiva, 25(9), 3493–3502. https://doi.org/10.1590/1413-81232020259.15682020.

Conselho Nacional de Justiça (CNJ). (2020). Recomendação N° 62, de 17 de Março de 2020. CNJ. https://www.cnj.jus.br/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/62-Recomenda%C3%A7%C3%A3o.pdf.

Conselho Nacional de Justiça, Programa das Nações Unidas para o Desenvolvimento & Departamento Penitenciário Nacional. (2020). Relatório de Monitoramento da COVID-19 e da Recomendação 62/CNJ nos Sistemas Penitenciário e de Medidas Socioeducativas I. CNJ. https://www.cnj.jus.br/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/Relat_Form_Monitoramento_I.pdf.

Conselho Nacional do Ministério Público (CNMP). (2018). A Visão do Ministério Público sobre o Sistema Prisional Brasileiro. https://www.cnmp.mp.br/portal/publicacoes/11797-avisaodosistemaprisionalbrasileiro.

Conselho Nacional do Ministério Público (CNMP). (2019). Sistema Prisional em Números. https://www.cnmp.mp.br/portal/relatoriosbi/sistema-prisional-em-numeros.

Jiménez, M. C., Cowger, T. L., Simon, L. E., Behn, M., Cassarino, N., & Bassett, M. T. (2020). Epidemiology of COVID-19 Among Incarcerated Individuals and Staff in Massachusetts Jails and Prisons. JAMA network open, 3(8), e2018851. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.18851.

Khan, M., Adil, S. F., Alkhathlan, H. Z., Tahir, M. N., Saif, S., Khan, M., & Khan, S. T. (2020). COVID-19: A Global Challenge with Old History, Epidemiology and Progress So Far. Molecules (Basel, Switzerland), 26(1), 39. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules26010039

Meyer, J. P., Franco-Paredes, C., Parmar, P., Yasin, F., & Gartland, M. (2020). COVID-19 and the coming epidemic in US immigration detention centres. The Lancet. Infectious diseases, 20(6), 646–648. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1473-3099(20)30295-4

Ministério da Saúde, Ministério da Justiça. (2014). Política nacional de atenção integral à saúde das pessoas privadas de liberdade no sistema prisional. Brasília: Ministério da Saúde.

Njuguna, H., Wallace, M., Simonson, S., Tobolowsky, F. A., James, A. E., Bordelon, K., Fukunaga, R., Gold, J., Wortham, J., Sokol, T., Haydel, D., Tran, H., Kim, K., Fisher, K. A., Marlow, M., Tate, J. E., Doshi, R. H., & Curran, K. G. (2020). Serial Laboratory Testing for SARS-CoV-2 Infection Among Incarcerated and Detained Persons in a Correctional and Detention Facility - Louisiana, April-May 2020. MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report, 69(26), 836–840. https://doi.org/10.15585/mmwr.mm6926e2

Prison Insider. (2021). Brazil: managing uncertainty. https://www.prison-insider.com/en/articles/brazil-managing-uncertainty.

Reinhart, E., & Chen, D. L. (2020). Incarceration And Its Disseminations: COVID-19 Pandemic Lessons From Chicago's Cook County Jail. Health affairs (Project Hope), 39(8), 1412–1418. https://doi.org/10.1377/hlthaff.2020.00652

Robinson, L. K., Heyman-Kantor, R., & Angelotta, C. (2020). Strategies Mitigating the Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Incarcerated Populations. American journal of public health, 110(8), 1135–1136. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2020.305754.

Saloner, B., Parish, K., Ward, J. A., DiLaura, G., & Dolovich, S. (2020). COVID-19 Cases and Deaths in Federal and State Prisons. JAMA, 324(6), 602–603. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2020.12528

Sylverken, A., El-Duah, P., Owusu M., Yeboah, R., Kwarteng, A., Oforo, L., Gorman, R., Obiri-Danso, K., & Owuso-Dabo, E. (2019). Burden of Respiratory Viral Infections Among Inmates of a Ghanaian Prison. Preprint. https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.2.14139/v1.

The Legal Aid Society. (2020). COVID-19 infection tracking in NYC jails. https://legalaidnyc.org/covid-19-infection-trackingin-nyc-jails/.

Wang, E. A., Zenilman, J., & Brinkley-Rubinstein, L. (2020). Ethical Considerations for COVID-19 Vaccine Trials in Correctional Facilities. JAMA, 324(11), 1031–1032. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2020.15589.

World Prison Brief (WPB). (2021). Highest to Lowest - Occupancy level (based on official capacity). https://www.prisonstudies.org/highest-to-lowest/occupancy-level?-field_region_taxonomy_tid=All.

Downloads

Published

03/12/2021

How to Cite

MARTINS, G. C. L.; ARAUJO, C. B.; SARDI, B. V.; DITTERICH, R. G.; BOÇON JUNIOR, F.; BELLANI, W. A. G. de O. . Covid-19 among the population deprived of liberty in Brazil and in the state of Paraná. Research, Society and Development, [S. l.], v. 10, n. 15, p. e561101523065, 2021. DOI: 10.33448/rsd-v10i15.23065. Disponível em: https://rsdjournal.org/index.php/rsd/article/view/23065. Acesso em: 20 nov. 2024.

Issue

Vol. 10 No. 15

Section

Health Sciences

License

Copyright (c) 2021 Gabriela Caetano Lopes Martins; Camila Barreto Araujo; Bárbara Vieira Sardi; Rafael Gomes Ditterich; Francisco Boçon Junior; William Augusto Gomes de Oliveira Bellani

Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:

1) Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.

2) Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.

3) Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work.