Influence of seasonality on the incidence of cleft lip and palate in a reference center in western Paraná
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v11i2.25577Keywords:
Cleft Lip; Cleft Palate; Seasons; Craniofacial abnormalities.Abstract
Purpose: The aim of this study was to verify, based on the date of conception, if there is an influence of seasonality with the increased risk of developing orofacial clefts, relating it to gender. Methodology: A retrospective documental study conducted by compiling secondary data of patients seen between the years 2013 and 2019, in a referral center. Only patients with isolated cleft lip and/or palate were included. The X² test of adherence and the X² test of independence followed, when necessary, by the post-test of adjusted residuals, were used to analyze the statistical difference and the association between the variables. The groups were ordered considering gender and seasonality, divided according to the seasons of the year: fall, winter, spring and summer. Results: 181 patients met the inclusion criteria. The mean gestational age was 38.4 weeks. Family history was negative in 114 (63%) cases. Of the total, 51 conceptions (28.18%) occurred in spring, 46 (25.41%) in winter, 42 (23.20%) in fall, and 42 (23.20%) in summer. There was no significant difference in the incidence of orofacial clefts among the 4 seasons of the year, nor when the seasonal distribution was related to gender. Conclusion: No association was found between seasonality and the development of orofacial clefts, considering the date of conception. No significant difference was found when relating seasonal distribution to gender.
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