The influence of phenylketonuria on anthropometric measures of patients 10 to 19 years: a systematic review
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v11i4.27026Keywords:
Phenylketonuria; Adolescent; Metabolism; Anthropometry; Overweight.Abstract
Phenylketonuria (PKU) is a genetic disease, of autosomal recessive inheritance, caused by biallelic mutations in the PAH gene that encodes the enzyme phenylalanine hydroxylase (FAH) whose treatment is only dietary (BRASIL, 2019). The available literature highlights that patients with phenylketonuria are more susceptible to being overweight compared to the healthy population. Systematically tracing the current literature is of great importance to generate knowledge for possible interventions for health promotion and disease prevention in this population. The aim of the present study was to verify the influence of Phenylketonuria on the anthropometric measurements of adolescents aged between 10 and 19 years old. This is a descriptive study through a systematic review carried out in the Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO), Publisher Medline (PubMed) and Virtual Health Library (BVS) databases with the descriptors "Anthropometry", "Overweight", " Adolescent”, “Metabolism”. Original articles about adolescents, published between 2011 and 2021 in Portuguese, English or Spanish, were included. A total of 184 articles were identified and, after applying the selection methods, 5 studies were selected to compose the review. Overweight and excess weight were frequent in the selected studies, ranging from 8.51% to 11.9% and 10.63% to 32.6%, respectively. Female sex was identified as a risk factor for nutritional disorders. The main cause associated with the nutritional disorder was the protein-restricted diet associated with high calorie consumption combined with low physical activity. Therefore, it can be concluded that adolescents diagnosed with phenylketonuria have anthropometric measurements that follow the pattern of the healthy population, with a prevalence of overweight and obesity in females. On the other hand, it is observed that the literature on this topic is scarce, requiring further studies to better define the anthropometric profile of these patients and associated factors.
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