Effects of ozone therapy in an experimental murine model of Candida albicans vulvovaginitis
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v11i5.28354Keywords:
Candida Albicans; Candidiasis; Ozone; Murinae; Teaching.Abstract
The antifungals used in the treatment of vulvovaginal candidiasis, although effective, can have side effects and high cost, which may not occur with the medicinal use of ozone. The study aimed to evaluate the effects of medicinal home ozone therapy on C. albicans. The experiment was carried out in vitro, cultivating C. albicans in 10mm Petri dishes, containing solid Agar Sabour and Dextrose (Oxoid). The in vivo experiment used 45-day-old female C57/BL6 mice and after suppression of ovarian activity, 20 µL of C. albicans suspension in sterile PBS, at a concentration of 105 yeast cells, were inoculated in a single dose under anesthesia. Distribution occurred in 4 groups: (i) Absolute Control Group (GCA): Not subjected to infection by the pathogen. (ii) Control Group (CG): Submitted to C. albicans infection, but not treated. (iii) Ozone Therapy Group (GO): Subjected to infection and treated with medicinal ozone therapy. (iv) Lavage Group (GL): Subjected to infection and subsequently treated with vaginal lavage. It was found that GC had a higher amount of CFU when compared to GO. Exposure for 600s was able to reduce the number of CFUs by 98.89% when compared to GC. The study concludes that ozone gas showed great efficacy in the proliferation of C. albicans in vitro. The best results were observed with application in liquid medium, however, ozone therapy was able to significantly reduce infection in the experimental model used. In in vivo experiments, the number of CFU/ml found was lower in the ozone-treated group.
References
Álvare, C. The. A., Svidzinski, T. I., & Consolaro, M. L. (2007). Vulvovaginal candidiasis: host predisposing factors and yeast virulence. Brazilian Journal of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, 43(5), 319-327.
Net, A. V., Nicodemo, A. C., & Lopes, H. V. (2001). Antibiotics in clinical practice. Sarvier Editora, 6, 33.
Banting, D.W., & Hill, S.A. (2001). Microwave disinfection of dentures for the treatment of oral candidiasis. Special Care in Dentistry, Chicago, 21(1), 4-8.
Bearzatto A., Vaiano, F., & Franzini, M. (2003). O2- O 3- Therapy of nonhealing foot and leg ulcers in diabetic patients. European Journal of Clinical Investigation, 33(1), 44-46.
Boatto, HF et al. (2007). Correlation between laboratory results and clinical signs and symptoms in patients with vulvovaginal candidiasis and relevance of sexual partners in maintaining the infection in São Paulo, Brazil. Brazilian Journal of Gynecology and Obstetrics. 29(2), 80- 84.
Bocci, V. (2005). Ozone: A New Medical Drug. Springer Publisher, 2, 295.
Cardoso, CC et al. (2010). Ozone therapy as an adjunctive treatment in diabetic foot wound. Minas Gerais Medical Magazine, Alfenas, 20, 442-445.
Carrara, MA et al. (2010). A new model of vaginal Candida albicans in Rats. Mycopathology. 170, 331-338.
Castro, T. L. et. al. (2006). Antifungal Candida sp wwa resistance mechanisms. Infarma Magazine, Juazeiro do Norte. 18(9-10),30-35.
Colombo, A. L., & Guimarães, T. (2003). Epidemiology of hematogenous infections by Candida spp. Journal of the Brazilian Society of Tropical Medicine, Uberaba, 36(5),599-607.
Estrela, C. et. al. (2007). Antimicrobial efficacy of ozonized water, gaseous ozone, sodium hypochlorite and chlorhexidine in infected human root canals. International Endodontic Journal, Goiania. 40(2), 85-93.
Edmond, M. B. et. al. (1999). Nosocomial bloodstream infections in United States hospitals: a three-year analysis. Clinical Infectious Diseases, Iowa. 29, 239–244.
Ferrazza Mhsh et. al. (2005). Characterization of yeast isolated from the vagina and its association with vulvovaginal candidiasis in two cities in southern Brazil. Brazilian Journal of Gynecology and Obstetrics. Maringa. 27(2), 58-63.
Ferreira, S, et. al. (2013). Ozone therapy for infection control in oral surgery. Revista Odontológica de Araçatuba, Araçatuba. 34(1), 36-38.
Foxman, B. et. al. (2000). Candida vaginitis: self-reported incidence and associated costs. Journal of Sexually Transmitted Dis eases. 27(4), 230- 235.
Gracer RI, & Bocci V. (2005). Can the combination of localized proliferative therapy" with "minor ozonized autohemotherapy" restore the natural healing process. Medical hypotheses. 65, 752-759.
Guðlaugsson, The. et al. (2003). Attributable mortality of nosocomial candidemia, revisited. Clinical Infectious Diseases, Iowa. 37, 1172–1177.
Leite, R.C. (1999) Ozone. Body Mind Publications. Curitiba: Corpo Mente Publications. 1, 38.
Martínez-Sánchez G. et al. (2005). Therapeutic efficacy of ozone in patients with diabetic foot. European Journal of Pharmacology, Cuba. 523(1-3), 151-161.
Naglik, J. R., Challacombe, J., & Hube, B. (2003). Candida albicans secreted aspartyl proteinases in virulence and pathogenesis. Journal Microbiology and Molecular Biology. 67(3), 400-428.
Noites, R. et al. (2014). Synergistic Antimicrobial Action of Chlorhexidine and Ozone in Endodontic Treatment. BioMed Research International Magazine. 2014, 592423.
Oliveira, L. M. N. (2011). Use of ozone through the high frequency device in the treatment of pressure ulcers. Brazilian Journal of Health Sciences, Teresina. 9(30), 41-46.
Pereira, M.M., et. al. (2005). Effect of different gases on bacterial growth: an "in vitro" experimental study. Magazine Colégio Brasileiro de Cirurgiões, Rio de Janeiro, 32(1), 12-14.
Ribeiro, M. The., et. al. (2001). Susceptibility profile of vaginal yeast isolates from Brazil. Revista Mycopathologia, Espírito Santo. 151(1), 5-10.
Talukdar, A., et. al. (2015). Ozone Therapy – Boon to Dentistry and Medicine. International Journal of Preventive and Clinical Dental Research, India. 2(1), 59-66.
Traina, A. A. (2008). Biological effects of water-diluted ozone on tissue repair of dermal wounds in rats. 124 f. Thesis (Doctorate in Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Traumatology) – Faculty of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo.
Wainstein, J., et. al. (2011). Efficacy of Ozone–Oxygen Therapy for the Treatment of Diabetic Foot Ulcers. Diabetes Technology & Therapeutics Magazine, Israel. 13(11), 1255-1260.
Yano, J., &Fidel, J. R. (2011). Protocols for Vaginal Inoculation and Sample Collection in the Experimental Mouse Model of Candida vaginitis. Journal of Visualized Experiments, Louisiana. 58(3382), 1-8.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2022 Cleverson Marcelo Pilatti; Dayane Batista Franzes; Drauzio Eduardo Naretto Rangel; Eduardo Alexandre Loth; Rodrigo Daniel Genske; Vanessa Cecatto; Rodrigo Sávio Pessoa
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
1) Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
2) Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
3) Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work.
