Phospholipases A2 from ofidic venoms: Update on purification, biological characterization and biotechnological application
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v11i7.30330Keywords:
Snake Venoms; Phospholipases A2; Neurotoxicity; Toxicology; Health teaching.Abstract
Ophidism is responsible for about 1.8 to 2.7 million cases of poisoning every year, and understanding the biological mechanisms responsible for its neurotoxicity is essential for therapeutic management. Among the diversity of molecules that compose snake venom there are the phospholipase A2, an enzyme family responsible for the production of a range of pathological conditions, including myotoxicity, cardiotoxicity, and neurotoxicity. The present work, carried out through the methodology of integrative literature review, aims to identify and indicate the main advances in the last 10 years regarding the characterization and understanding of the neurotoxic action of phospholipases A2 originating from snake venom, in the field of toxicology. The main progress identified corresponded to the understanding that the neurotoxic activity of B. bilineata smargadine is based on the action of PLA2 Bbil-TX, proof of the dependence of PhTX-II by calcium for its action, identification of the occurrence of the muscular neurotoxic action of BP-13 in the sarcolemma region, determination of the subunit of crotoxin acting as a regulator of the GLIC receptor, and identification of the selectivity of MiDCA1 by specific potassium channels. The advance in the understanding of this enzymatic group corresponds to part of the pathway necessary for the development of therapeutics targeting PLA2 and possible biotechnological applications of these biomolecules.
References
Camargo, T. M., de Roodt, A. R., da Cruz-Höfling, M. A., & Rodrigues-Simioni, L. (2011). The neuromuscular activity of Micrurus pyrrhocryptus venom and its neutralization by commercial and specific coral snake antivenoms. Journal of venom research, 2, 24–31. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21858249/
Cavalcante, W. L. G., Noronha-Matos, J. B., Timóteo, M. A., Fontes, M. R. M., Gallacci, M., & Correia-de-Sá, P. (2017). Neuromuscular paralysis by the basic phospholipase A 2 subunit of crotoxin from Crotalus durissus terrificus snake venom needs its acid chaperone to concurrently inhibit acetylcholine release and produce muscle blockage. Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology, 334, 8–17. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.taap.2017.08.021
de Carvalho, N. D., Garcia, R. C., Ferreira, A. K., Batista, D. R., Cassola, A. C., Maria, D., Lebrun, I., Carneiro, S. M., Afeche, S. C., Marcourakis, T., & Sandoval, M. R. (2014). Neurotoxicity of coral snake phospholipases A2 in cultured rat hippocampal neurons. Brain research, 1552, 1–16. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brainres.2014.01.008
Dhananjaya, B. L., & Sivashankari, P. R. (2015). Snake venom derived molecules in tumor angiogenesis and its application in cancer therapy; an overview. Current topics in medicinal chemistry, 15(7), 649–657. https://doi.org/10.2174/1568026615666150225113402
Ercole, F. F., Melo, L. S. de, & Alcoforado, C. L. G. C. (2014). Integrative review versus systematic review. Revista Mineira de Enfermagem,, 18(1), 9–12. https://doi.org/10.5935/1415-2762.20140001
Floriano, R. S., Carregari, V. C., de Abreu, V. A., Kenzo-Kagawa, B., Ponce-Soto, L. A., da Cruz-Höfling, M. A., Hyslop, S., Marangoni, S., & Rodrigues-Simioni, L. (2013). Pharmacological study of a new Asp49 phospholipase A(2) (Bbil-TX) isolated from Bothriopsis bilineata smargadina (forest viper) venom in vertebrate neuromuscular preparations. Toxicon: official journal of the International Society on Toxinology, 69, 191–199. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.toxicon.2013.03.006
Frangieh, J., Rima, M., Fajloun, Z., Henrion, D., Sabatier, J.-M., Legros, C., & Mattei, C. (2021). Snake venom components: Tools and cures to target cardiovascular diseases. Molecules, 26(8), 2223. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules26082223.
Fry, B. G., & Wüster, W. (2004). Assembling an arsenal: origin and evolution of the snake venom proteome inferred from phylogenetic analysis of toxin sequences. Molecular biology and evolution, 21(5), 870–883. https://doi.org/10.1093/molbev/msh091
Gutiérrez, J. M., & Lomonte, B. (2013). Phospholipases A2: unveiling the secrets of a functionally versatile group of snake venom toxins. Toxicon : official journal of the International Society on Toxinology, 62, 27–39. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.toxicon.2012.09.006
Hiu, J. J., & Yap, M. (2020). Cytotoxicity of snake venom enzymatic toxins: phospholipase A2 and l-amino acid oxidase. Biochemical Society transactions, 48(2), 719–731. https://doi.org/10.1042/BST20200110
Huancahuire-Vega, S., Ponce-Soto, L. A., & Marangoni, S. (2014). PhTX-II a basic myotoxic phospholipase A₂ from Porthidium hyoprora snake venom, pharmacological characterization and amino acid sequence by mass spectrometry. Toxins, 6(11), 3077–3097. https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins6113077
Kumar, J. R., Basavarajappa, B. S., Vishwanath, B. S., & Gowda, T. V. (2015). Biochemical and pharmacological characterization of three toxic phospholipase A2s from Daboia russelii snake venom. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part C: Toxicology & Pharmacology, 168, 28–38. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cbpc.2014.11.005
Liang, Q., Huynh, T. M., Ng, Y. Z., Isbister, G. K., & Hodgson, W. C. (2021). In Vitro Neurotoxicity of Chinese Krait (Bungarus multicinctus) Venom and Neutralization by Antivenoms. Toxins, 13(1), 49. https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins13010049
Lomonte, B., Rey-Suárez, P., Fernández, J., Sasa, M., Pla, D., Vargas, N., Bénard-Valle, M., Sanz, L., Corrêa-Netto, C., Núñez, V., Alape-Girón, A., Alagón, A., Gutiérrez, J. M., & Calvete, J. J. (2016). Venoms of Micrurus coral snakes: Evolutionary trends in compositional patterns emerging from proteomic analyses. Toxicon: official journal of the International Society on Toxinology, 122, 7–25. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.toxicon.2016.09.008
Marcon, F., & Nicholson, G. M. (2011). Identification of presynaptic neurotoxin complexes in the venoms of three Australian copperheads (Austrelaps spp.) and the efficacy of tiger snake antivenom to prevent or reverse neurotoxicity. Toxicon: official journal of the International Society on Toxinology, 58(5), 439–452. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.toxicon.2011.08.003
Ostrowski, M., Porowinska, D., Prochnicki, T., Prevost, M., Raynal, B., Baron, B., Sauguet, L., Corringer, P. J., & Faure, G. (2016). Neurotoxic phospholipase A2 from rattlesnake as a new ligand and new regulator of prokaryotic receptor GLIC (proton-gated ion channel from G. violaceus). Toxicon: official journal of the International Society on Toxinology, 116, 63–71. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.toxicon.2016.02.002
Pycroft, K., Fry, B. G., Isbister, G. K., Kuruppu, S., Lawrence, J., Ian Smith, A., & Hodgson, W. C. (2012). Toxinology of venoms from five Australian lesser known elapid snakes. Basic & Clinical Pharmacology & Toxicology, 111(4), 268–274. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1742-7843.2012.00907.x
Renjifo, C., Smith, E. N., Hodgson, W. C., Renjifo, J. M., Sanchez, A., Acosta, R., Maldonado, J. H., & Riveros, A. (2012). Neuromuscular activity of the venoms of the Colombian coral snakes Micrurus dissoleucus and Micrurus mipartitus: an evolutionary perspective. Toxicon: official journal of the International Society on Toxinology, 59(1), 132–142. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.toxicon.2011.10.017
Resende, L. M., Almeida, J. R., Schezaro-Ramos, R., Collaço, R. C. O., Simioni, L. R., Ramírez, D., González, W., Soares, A. M., Calderon, L. A., Marangoni, S., & da Silva, S. L. (2017). Exploring and understanding the functional role, and biochemical and structural characteristics of an acidic phospholipase A2, AplTx-I, purified from Agkistrodon piscivorus leucostoma snake venom. Toxicon: Official Journal of the International Society on Toxinology, 127, 22–36. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.toxicon.2017.01.002
Rusmili, M. R. A., Othman, I., Abidin, S. A. Z., Yusof, F. A., Ratanabanangkoon, K., Chanhome, L., Hodgson, W. C., & Chaisakul, J. (2019). Variations in neurotoxicity and proteome profile of Malayan krait (Bungarus candidus) venoms. PloS One, 14(12), e0227122. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0227122
Schütter, N., Barreto, Y. C., Vardanyan, V., Hornig, S., Hyslop, S., Marangoni, S., Rodrigues-Simioni, L., Pongs, O., & Dal Belo, C. A. (2019). Inhibition of Kv2.1 potassium channels by MiDCA1, A pre-synaptically active PLA2-type toxin from Micrurus dumerilii carinicauda coral snake venom. Toxins, 11(6), 335. https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins11060335
World Health Organization. (mai. 2017). Snakebite envenoming. Recuperado de maio de 2022, de https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/snakebite-envenoming
Sucasaca-Monzón, G., Randazzo-Moura, P., Rocha, T., Torres-Huaco, F. D., Vilca-Quispe, A., Ponce-Soto, L. A., Marangoni, S., da Cruz-Höfling, M. A., & Rodrigues-Simioni, L. (2015). Bp-13 PLA2: Purification and Neuromuscular Activity of a New Asp49 Toxin Isolated from Bothrops pauloensis Snake Venom. Biochemistry research international, 2015, 826059. https://doi.org/10.1155/2015/826059
Tasoulis, T., & Isbister, G. K. (2017). A review and database of snake venom proteomes. Toxins, 9(9), 290. https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins9090290
Terra, A. L., Moreira-Dill, L. S., Simões-Silva, R., Monteiro, J. R., Cavalcante, W. L., Gallacci, M., Barros, N. B., Nicolete, R., Teles, C. B., Medeiros, P. S., Zanchi, F. B., Zuliani, J. P., Calderon, L. A., Stábeli, R. G., & Soares, A. M. (2015). Biological characterization of the Amazon coral Micrurus spixii snake venom: Isolation of a new neurotoxic phospholipase A2. Toxicon: official journal of the International Society on Toxinology, 103, 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.toxicon.2015.06.011
Tsai, I. H., Wang, Y. M., & Hseu, M. J. (2011). Mutagenesis analyses explore residues responsible for the neurotoxic and anticoagulant activities of Trimucrotoxin, a pit-viper venom Asn6-phospholipase A2. Biochimie, 93(2), 277–285. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biochi.2010.09.021
Vergara, I., Pedraza-Escalona, M., Paniagua, D., Restano-Cassulini, R., Zamudio, F., Batista, C. V., Possani, L. D., & Alagón, A. (2014). Eastern coral snake Micrurus fulvius venom toxicity in mice is mainly determined by neurotoxic phospholipases A2. Journal of proteomics, 105, 295–306. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jprot.2014.02.027
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2022 Matheus Azevedo Bomfim; Wilson Antonio da Silva; Juliana Mendes Correia
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
1) Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
2) Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
3) Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work.