Phospholipases A2 from ofidic venoms: Update on purification, biological characterization and biotechnological application
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v11i7.30330Keywords:
Snake Venoms; Phospholipases A2; Neurotoxicity; Toxicology; Health teaching.Abstract
Ophidism is responsible for about 1.8 to 2.7 million cases of poisoning every year, and understanding the biological mechanisms responsible for its neurotoxicity is essential for therapeutic management. Among the diversity of molecules that compose snake venom there are the phospholipase A2, an enzyme family responsible for the production of a range of pathological conditions, including myotoxicity, cardiotoxicity, and neurotoxicity. The present work, carried out through the methodology of integrative literature review, aims to identify and indicate the main advances in the last 10 years regarding the characterization and understanding of the neurotoxic action of phospholipases A2 originating from snake venom, in the field of toxicology. The main progress identified corresponded to the understanding that the neurotoxic activity of B. bilineata smargadine is based on the action of PLA2 Bbil-TX, proof of the dependence of PhTX-II by calcium for its action, identification of the occurrence of the muscular neurotoxic action of BP-13 in the sarcolemma region, determination of the subunit of crotoxin acting as a regulator of the GLIC receptor, and identification of the selectivity of MiDCA1 by specific potassium channels. The advance in the understanding of this enzymatic group corresponds to part of the pathway necessary for the development of therapeutics targeting PLA2 and possible biotechnological applications of these biomolecules.
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