Dual-purpose winter cereal mixtures for whole plant silage
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v11i8.30938Keywords:
Wheat; Black oat; Forage conservation; Animal nutrition.Abstract
Ensiling is an essential technique for animal production due to the seasonality of forage production during the year. The use of winter cereals is an economic and environmentally viable alternative because it uses idle areas in winter. The mixture of winter cereals for silage meets the need to extend the harvest period, reduce risks and improve the cost/benefit ratio for the producer. The experiment took place in 2020, with the objective of evaluating the feasibility of use and the chemical characteristics of the resulting silages, and leaf/stem/ear or panicle partition of the cultivars studied. The first part of the research was carried out in the field, in the experimental area of Embrapa Trigo in Passo Fundo - RS, in randomized blocks and three repetition, with four wheat cultivars (BRS Pastoreio, BRS Tarumaxi, BRS Tarumã and Tbio Energix 201), and one cultivar of black oat (Embrapa 139 – Fog). The second part took place in a place sheltered from rain, sun and extreme temperature variations, in a completely randomized design. The treatments were PVC silos containing the silages of the aforementioned cultivars and the mixtures Tbio Energix/Embrapa Neblina, BRS Tarumã/BRS Pastoreio, BRS Tarumaxi/BRS Pastoreio, Tbio Energix/BRS Pastoreio, and a mixture of two barley cultivars (BRS Quaranta/BRS Korbel). All silages showed adequate fermentative profile and satisfactory nutritional characteristics. The Pastoreio wheat cultivar can be mixed with Energix, Tarumã and Tarumaxi wheats, extending the harvest period by 15 days, with greater participation of leaf blades.
References
Association Of Official Analytical Chemists (2016). Official methods of analysis of A.O.A.C. International.
Barrière, Y., Argillier, O., Michalet-Doreau, B., Hébert, Y., Guingo, E., Giauffret, C. & Émile, J. C. (1997). Relevant traits, genetic variation and breeding strategies in early silage maize. Agronomie, 17 (8), 395-411.
Bolsen, K. K. (1996). Silage technology. In: Australian Maize Conference (pp. 1-30), 2., Queensland. Proceedings... Queensland: Gatton College.
Iank Bueno, A. V., Ribeiro, M. G., Jacovaci, F. A., Três, T. T., Leão, G. F. M., Gomes, A. Luiza M., & Jobim, C. C. (2020). Valor nutricional e produção de matéria seca digestível de cultivares de aveia visando à produção de silagem. Ciência Animal Brasileira / Brazilian Animal Science, 21(1).
Cherney, J. H. & Cherney, D. J. R. (2003). Assessing Silage Quality. In: Buxton, D. R., Muck, R. E., Harrison, J. H. (Eds). Silage Science and Technology (pp. 141-198). Madison: American Society of Agronomy.
Collins, M. & Moore, K. J. (2018). Preservation of forage as hay and silage. In: Moore, K. J., Collins, M. C., Nelson, J. & Redfearn, D. D. (Eds). Forages: the science of grassland agriculture. (7a ed.), West Sussex: John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
CONAB - Companhia Nacional De Abastecimento. (2021). Boletim de Monitoramento Agrícola, Brasília, DF, 10 (10).
Fontaneli, Rob. S. & Fontaneli, Ren. S. (2012). Qualidade e valor nutritivo de forragem. In: Fontaneli, Ren. S., Santos, H. P. Dos & Fontaneli, Rob. S. (Eds). Forrageiras para integração lavoura-pecuária-floresta na região Sul-Brasileira (pp. 27-50). Embrapa Trigo.
Horst, E. H., Neumann, M., Santos, J. C. Dos, Mareze, J., Mizubuti, I. Y. & Bumbieris Júnior, V. H. (2017). Fiber composition and degradability of cold season green forage and pre-dried silage harvested at pre-flowering. Semina: Ciências Agrárias, 38, 2041–2049.
Huntington, G. B. (1997). Starch utilization by ruminants: from basics to the bunk. Journal of Animal Science, 75, 852-867.
Insituto Adolfo Lutz. (2005). Métodos químicos e físicos para análise de alimentos. Normas analíticas do Instituto Adolfo Lutz, (pp. 125-130). PROL.
Kmicikewycz, A.D. & Heinrichs, A. J. (2015). Effect of corn silage particle size and supplemental hay on rumen pH and feed preference by dairy cows fed high-starch diets. Journal of Dairy Science, 98, 373–385.
Leão, G. F. M., Jobim, C. C., Neumann, M., Horst, E. H., Santos, S. K. Dos, Venancio, B. J. & Santos, L. C. (2017). Nutritional composition and aerobic stability of winter cereal silage at different storage times. Acta Scientiarum. Animal Sciences, 39, 131.
Leão, G. F. M., Jobim, C. C., Neumann, M., Santos, S. K. Dos, Horst, E. H. & Santos, L. C. dos. (2019). Aspectos produtivos e nutricionais de cereais de inverno em regimes de corte para ensilagem. Archivos de zootecnia, 68, 168-175.
Lehmen, R. I., Fontaneli, R. S., Fontaneli, R. S. & Santos, H. P. (2014). Rendimento, valor nutritivo e características fermentativas de silagens de cereais de inverno. Ciência Rural, 44(7), 1180-1185.
Mayombo, A. P., Dufrasne, I., Hornick, J.L., Diez, M. & Istasse, L. (1997). Influencie du stade de maturité de la plante de may recolteé pour ensilage sur la composition, la digestibilité aparente, les caractéristiques de fermentation dans le rume et les performances zootechniques chez le taurillon à I’engraissement. Animal Zootech, 46(1), 43-55.
Meinerz, G. R., Olivo, C. J., Viégas, J., Nörnberg, J. L., Agnolin, C. A., Scheibler, R. B., Horst, T. & Fontaneli, R. S. (2011). Silagem de cereais de inverno submetidos ao manejo de duplo propósito. Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia, 40(10), 2097-2104.
Moore, K. J. & Hatfield, R. D. (1994) Carbohydrates and Forage Quality. In: Fahey, G. C. (Ed). Forage Quality, Evaluation, and Utilization, (pp. 229-280). Madison: American Society of Agronomy, Crop Science Society of America, Soil Science Society of America.
Muck, E. R., Kung Jr, L. & Collins, M. (2020). Silage production. In: Moore, K. J., Collins, M. C., Nelson, J. & Redfearn, D. D. (Eds). Forages: the science of grassland agriculture. West Sussex: John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Neumann, M., Dochwat, A., Horst, E. H., Venancio, B. J., Santos, J. C., Heker Junior, J. C., Cristo, F. B., Santos, L. C. & Silva, E. P. E. (2019). Productivity, profitability and nutritional quality of forage and silage of winter cereals. Semina: Ciências Agrárias, 40 (3), 1275.
NRC - National Research Council. (2001). Nutrient requirements of dairy cattle. Washington: National Academies Press.
Pereira, O. G. & Bernardino, F. S. (2004). Controle de efluentes na produção de silagem. In: Pereira, O. G., Obeid, J. A., Fonseca, D. M. De & Nascimento Júnior, D. do. (Ed.). Simpósio sobre manejo estratégico da pastagem (pp. 509-545). Viçosa. Anais… Viçosa: UFV, Departamento de Zootecnia.
R Core Team (2022). R: A language and environment for statistical computing. R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna. <https://www.R-project.org>
Ramos, B. L. P., Pires, A. J. V., Cruz, N. T., Santos, A. P. da S. dos, Nascimento, L. M. G., Santos, H. P. & Amorim, J. M. S. (2021). Losses in the silagem process: A brief review. Research, Society and Development, 10 (5), p. e8910514660.
Rech, C. L. De S., Xavier, E. G., Del Pino, F. A. B., Roll, V. F. B., Rech, J. L., Cardoso H. B. P. & Nascimento P. V. N. (2006). Determinação do nitrogênio amoniacal. In: Rech, C. L. De S., Xavier, E. G., Del Pino, F. A. B., Roll, V. F. B., Rech, J. L., Cardoso H. B. P. & Nascimento P. V. N. Análises Bromatológicas e Segurança Laboratorial (pp. 41-42), Pelotas: UFPel.
Silva, D. J. & Queiroz, A. C. de. (2002). Determinação do pH, da acidez titulável e do ácido lático da silagem. In: Silva, D. J. & Queiroz, A. C. de. (Ed.). Análise de alimentos: métodos químicos e biológicos (pp. 163-168), UFV, 2002.
Streck, E. V., Kämpf, N., Dalmolin, R. S. D., Klamt, E., Nascimento, P. C. Do, Schneider, P., Giasson, E. & Pinto, L. F. S. (2008). Solos do Rio Grande do Sul. EMATER/RS-ASCAR.
Van Soest, P. J., Robertson, J. B. & Lewis B. A. (1991). Methods for dietary fiber, neutral detergent fiber and non-starch polysaccharides in relation to animal nutrition. Journal of Dairy Science, 74, 3583-3597.
Van Soest, P. J. (1994). Nutritional ecology of the ruminant. Ithaca, Cornell University Press.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2022 Emanuel Dall´ Agnol; Manuele Zeni; Renato´Serena Fontaneli; Carlos Bondan
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
1) Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
2) Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
3) Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work.
