Facial retention ligaments: a clinical considerations review
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v11i9.31588Keywords:
Ligaments; Face; Aging; Facial rejuvenation.Abstract
The advancement of techniques and technologies used in procedures of facial rejuvenation, several structures of the face must be highlighted in order to obtain clinical success such as the facial retaining ligaments (FRL). It is known that the classic characteristics of the aged face imply in the LRF, intimate relationship of the ligaments with the cutaneous tissues can be modified from structural and functional changes. Furthermore, the understanding of the LRF must be considered by the professional as targets of clinical action, as a way to increase the effectiveness, naturalness of the results and patient satisfaction. In order to understand the clinical importance of the facial retaining ligaments, 29 articles were used in this research, as a form of literary review. According to the results found, the understanding of the physiological changes over time and their clinical repercussion demonstrate that the facial retaining ligaments are of fundamental importance for the decision of the technique and protocol in rejuvenating procedures.
References
Alghoul, M., & Codner, M. A. (2013). Retaining ligaments of the face: review of anatomy and clinical applications. Aesthetic surgery journal, 33(6), 769–782. https://doi.org/10.1177/1090820X13495405
Alghoul, M., Bitik, O., McBride, J., & Zins, J. E. (2013). Relationship of the zygomatic facial nerve to the retaining ligaments of the face: the Sub-SMAS danger zone. Plastic and reconstructive surgery, 131(2), 245e–252e. https://doi.org/10.1097/PRS.0b013e3182789c5c
Araghi, F., Dadkhahfar, S., Pourani, M. R., & Gheisari, M. (2022). The Importance of Facial Retaining Ligaments' Preservation During the Subcision. Aesthetic surgery journal, 42(1), NP87–NP88. https://doi.org/10.1093/asj/sjab332
Brandt, M. G., Hassa, A., Roth, K., Wehrli, B., & Moore, C. C. (2012). Biomechanical properties of the facial retaining ligaments. Archives of facial plastic surgery, 14(4), 289–294. https://doi.org/10.1001/archfacial.2011.1533
Casabona, G., Bernardini, F. P., Skippen, B., Rosamilia, G., Hamade, H., Frank, K., Freytag, D. L., Sykes, J., Onishi, E. C., & Cotofana, S. (2020). How to best utilize the line of ligaments and the surface volume coefficient in facial soft tissue filler injections. Journal of cosmetic dermatology, 19(2), 303–311. https://doi.org/10.1111/jocd.13245
Casabona, G., Frank, K., Koban, K. C., Freytag, D. L., Schenck, T. L., Lachman, N., Green, J. B., Toni, S., Rudolph, C., & Cotofana, S. (2019). Lifting vs volumizing-The difference in facial minimally invasive procedures when respecting the line of ligaments. Journal of cosmetic dermatology, 10.1111/jocd.13089. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1111/jocd.13089
Cotofana, S., Fratila, A. A., Schenck, T. L., Redka-Swoboda, W., Zilinsky, I., & Pavicic, T. (2016). The Anatomy of the Aging Face: A Review. Facial plastic surgery : FPS, 32(3), 253–260. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0036-1582234
Cotofana, S., & Lachman, N. (2019). Anatomy of the Facial Fat Compartments and their Relevance in Aesthetic Surgery. Journal der Deutschen Dermatologischen Gesellschaft = Journal of the German Society of Dermatology: JDDG, 17(4), 399–413. https://doi.org/10.1111/ddg.13737
Cotofana, S., Schenck, T. L., Trevidic, P., Sykes, J., Massry, G. G., Liew, S., Graivier, M., Dayan, S., de Maio, M., Fitzgerald, R., Andrews, J. T., & Remington, B. K. (2015). Midface: Clinical Anatomy and Regional Approaches with Injectable Fillers. Plastic and reconstructive surgery, 136(5 Suppl), 219S–234S. https://doi.org/10.1097/PRS.0000000000001837
Furnas D. W. (1989). The retaining ligaments of the cheek. Plastic and reconstructive surgery, 83(1), 11–16. https://doi.org/10.1097/00006534-198901000-00003
Gosain, A. K., Yousif, N. J., Madiedo, G., Larson, D. L., Matloub, H. S., & Sanger, J. R. (1993). Surgical anatomy of the SMAS: a reinvestigation. Plastic and reconstructive surgery, 92(7), 1254–1265.
Kang, M. S., Kang, H. G., Nam, Y. S., & Kim, I. B. (2016). Detailed anatomy of the retaining ligaments of the mandible for facial rejuvenation. Journal of cranio-maxillo-facial surgery: official publication of the European Association for Cranio-Maxillo-Facial Surgery, 44(9), 1126–1130. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcms.2016.06.018
Kikkawa, D. O., Lemke, B. N., & Dortzbach, R. K. (1996). Relations of the superficial musculoaponeurotic system to the orbit and characterization of the orbitomalar ligament. Ophthalmic plastic and reconstructive surgery, 12(2), 77–88. https://doi.org/10.1097/00002341-199606000-00001
Kretlow, J. D., Hollier, L. H., Jr, & Hatef, D. A. (2012). The facial aging debate of deflation versus attenuation: attenuation strikes back. Plastic and reconstructive surgery, 130(1), 180e–181e. https://doi.org/10.1097/PRS.0b013e318254f619
Leite, T. N. R., Carvalho, L.G.A. de., Luna, V.M. da S., Vieira, A.P. de S.B. (2022). Orofacial harmonization as a new specialty in dentistry: legal aspects. Research, Society and Development, 11(2), e7811225357. https://doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v11i2.25357
Mendelson B. C. (2013). Anatomic study of the retaining ligaments of the face and applications for facial rejuvenation. Aesthetic plastic surgery, 37(3), 513–515. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00266-013-0066-8
Michaud, T., Gassia, V., & Belhaouari, L. (2015). Facial dynamics and emotional expressions in facial aging treatments. Journal of cosmetic dermatology, 14(1), 9–21. https://doi.org/10.1111/jocd.12128
Myung, Y., & Jung, C. (2020). Mini-midface Lift Using Polydioxanone Cog Threads. Plastic and reconstructive surgery. Global open, 8(6), e2920. https://doi.org/10.1097/GOX.0000000000002920
Owsley J. Q., Jr (1983). SMAS-platysma facelift. A bidirectional cervicofacial rhytidectomy. Clinics in plastic surgery, 10(3), 429–440.
Ozdemir, R., Kilinç, H., Unlü, R. E., Uysal, A. C., Sensöz, O., & Baran, C. N. (2002). Anatomicohistologic study of the retaining ligaments of the face and use in face lift: retaining ligament correction and SMAS plication. Plastic and reconstructive surgery, 110(4), 1134–1149. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.PRS.0000021442.30272.0E
Quatela, V. C., & Antunes, M. B. (2015). Transtemporal midface lifting to blend the lower eyelid-cheek junction. Clinics in plastic surgery, 42(1), 103–114. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cps.2014.08.003
Raggio, B. S., & Patel, B. C. (2022). Deep Plane Facelift. In StatPearls. StatPearls Publishing.
Ribeiro, M. R. A., Sommer, A. A., Andrade, R. S. de., Carvalho, T. de A., Araujo, M. T. B., Pereira, P. C. de O. A. (2021). Properties, efficacy and safety of hyaluronic acid use in orofacial harmonization. Research, Society and Development, 10(13), e286101321212. https://doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v10i13.21212
Rzany, B., Bayerl, C., Bodokh, I., Boineau, D., Dirschka, T., Queille-Roussel, C., Sebastian, M., Sommer, B., Poncet, M., Guennoun, M., & Podda, M. (2011). Efficacy and safety of a new hyaluronic acid dermal filler in the treatment of moderate nasolabial folds: 6-month interim results of a randomized, evaluator-blinded, intra-individual comparison study. Journal of cosmetic and laser therapy: official publication of the European Society for Laser Dermatology, 13(3), 107–112. https://doi.org/10.3109/14764172.2011.571699
Reece, E. M., Pessa, J. E., & Rohrich, R. J. (2008). The mandibular septum: anatomical observations of the jowls in aging-implications for facial rejuvenation. Plastic and reconstructive surgery, 121(4), 1414–1420. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.prs.0000302462.61624.26
Schultz, K. P., Raghuram, A., Davis, M. J., Abu-Ghname, A., Chamata, E., & Rohrich, R. J. (2020). Fat Grafting for Facial Rejuvenation. Seminars in plastic surgery, 34(1), 30–37. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0039-3402767
Sinna, R., Herlin, C., Garson, S., Dast, S., & Delay, E. (2017). Bases anatomiques du tégument facial appliquées à la chirurgie du rajeunissement facial [Anatomical basis for rejuvenation surgery]. Annales de chirurgie plastique et esthetique, 62(5), 355–364. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anplas.2017.08.005
Surek C. C. (2019). Facial Anatomy for Filler Injection: The Superficial Musculoaponeurotic System (SMAS) Is Not Just for Facelifting. Clinics in plastic surgery, 46(4), 603–612. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cps.2019.06.007
Sutton, A., Clowes, M., Preston, L., Booth, A. (2019), Meeting the review family: exploring review types and associated information retrieval requirements. Health Info Libr J, 36: 202-222. https://doi.org/10.1111/hir.12276
Thornton, G. M., Lemmex, D. B., Ono, Y., Beach, C. J., Reno, C. R., Hart, D. A., & Lo, I. K. (2015). Aging affects mechanical properties and lubricin/PRG4 gene expression in normal ligaments. Journal of biomechanics, 48(12), 3306–3311.
Vazirnia, A., Braz, A., & Fabi, S. G. (2020). Nonsurgical jawline rejuvenation using injectable fillers. Journal of cosmetic dermatology, 19(8), 1940–1947. https://doi.org/10.1111/jocd.13277
Warren, R. J., Aston, S. J., & Mendelson, B. C. (2011). Face lift. Plastic and reconstructive surgery, 128(6), 747e–764e. https://doi.org/10.1097/PRS.0b013e318230c939
Wong, C. H., Hsieh, M., & Mendelson, B. (2022). Asian Face Lift with the Composite Face Lift Technique. Plastic and reconstructive surgery, 149(1), 59–69. https://doi.org/10.1097/PRS.0000000000008686
Wong, C. H., & Mendelson, B. (2019). The Long-Term Static and Dynamic Effects of Surgical Release of the Tear Trough Ligament and Origins of the Orbicularis Oculi in Lower Eyelid Blepharoplasty. Plastic and reconstructive surgery, 144(3), 583–591.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2022 Fernando Bezerra Romualdo da Silva; Andrea Losso Hering; Jacqueline Chiarella Zezi Pedrosa; Patrícia Regina Silva; Raquel Magalhães Nunes; Simone Nascimento Abujamra Gonçalves; Raquel Bosquiero Lopes; Lucila Relva Maia de Carvalho; Ângela Alves de Aguiar Goto; Silmara Elena Papa Pellizoni
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
1) Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
2) Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
3) Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work.
