Perception of families of patients with COVID-19 about hospitalization in adult intensive care
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v12i2.34735Keywords:
Coronavirus Infections; Intensive Care Units; Patient Isolation; Expressed Emotions; Bereavement.Abstract
Objective: To know the perception of family members of COVID-19 hospitalized patients about the period of hospitalization in an Adult Intensive Care Unit. Methodology: Descriptive and qualitative study with adult family members of patients with COVID-19 admitted to an Adult Intensive Care Unit of a tertiary public hospital in Porto Alegre (RS), Brazil. A sheet with sociodemographic data and a semi-structured questionnaire were used. The interviews were conducted between November and December/2020 by phone call and the sample was determined by data saturation. Bardin’s content analysis was used. Results: Nine family members aged between 23 and 56 years old participated. Predominated women, mostly daughters. The number of days in isolation ranged from 8 to 31. Five categories emerged: The Intensive Care Unit as a death sentence; The impact of a new disease; Family distance and exclusion; Support networks; The imminence of death. Conclusion: Hospitalizations due to COVID-19 in Intensive Care Unit were permeated by fear and anguish of family members, increased because it is a new and incurable disease. The need for isolation made physical contact impossible, impacting the understanding of the condition and the elaboration of mourning. The support of team healthcare, other family members and friends, faith and religiosity emerged as protective mechanisms. Anticipatory grief, fear of death without saying goodbye and multiple losses are central to grief. Emotional support for family members is essential, in order to promote psychological well-being and prevent psychological injuries and complicated grief.
References
Azoulay, E., Curtis, J. R., & Kentish-Barnes, N. (2021). Ten reasons for focusing on the care we provide for family members of critically ill patients with COVID-19. Intensive Care Medicine, 47(2), 230-233. DOI: 10.1007/s00134-020-06319-5
Azoulay, E., Resche-Rigon, M., Megarbane, B., Reuter, D., Labbé, V., Cariou, A., Géri, G., Van der Meersch, G., Kouatchet, A., Guisset, O., Bruneel, F., Reignier, J., Souppart, V., Barbier, F., Argaud, L., Quenot, J. P., Papazian, L., Guidet, B., Thiéry, G., & Klouche, K., et al. (2022). Association of COVID-19 acute respiratory distress syndrome with symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder in family members after ICU discharge. Journal of American Medical Association, 327(11), 1042-1050. DOI: 10.1001/jama.2022.2017
Bardin, L. (2015). Análise de conteúdo. São Paulo: Edições 70.
Biondo, C. S., Ferraz, M. O. A., Silva, M. L. M., & Yarid, S. D. (2017). Espiritualidade nos serviços de urgência e emergência. Revista Bioética, 25(3), 596-602. https://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1983-80422017253216
Braz, M. S., & Franco, M. H. P. (2017). Profissionais paliativistas e suas contribuições na prevenção de luto complicado. Psicologia: Ciência e Profissão, 37(1), 90-105. https://doi.org/10.1590/1982-3703001702016
Cardoso, E. A. O., Silva, B. C. A., Santos, J. H., Lotério, L. S., Accaroni, A. G., & Santos, M. A. (2020). Efeitos da supressão de rituais fúnebres durante a pandemia de COVID-19 em familiares enlutados. Revista Latino-Americana de Enfermagem, 28, e3361. DOI:10.1590/1518-8345.4519.3361
Carrias, F. M. S., Sousa, G. M., Pinheiro, J. D., Lustosa, M. A., Pereira, M. C. M., & Guimarães, A. E. V. (2018). Visita humanizada em uma Unidade de Terapia Intensiva: um olhar interdisciplinar. Tempus – Actas de Saúde Coletiva, 11(2), 103-112. https://doi.org/10.18569/tempus.v10i4.1966
Cattelan, J., Castellano, S., Merdji, H., Audusseau, J., Claude, B., Feuillassier, L., Cunat, S., Astrié, M., Aquin, C., Buis, G., Gehant, E., Granier, A., Kercha, H., Le Guillou, C., Martin, G., Roulot, K., Meziani, F., Putois, O., & Helms, J. (2021). Psychological effects of remote-only communication among reference persons of ICU patients during COVID-19 pandemic. Journal of Intensive Care, 9(1), 5. DOI: 10.1186/s40560-020-00520-w
Crepaldi, M. A., Schmidt, B., Noal, D. S., Bolze, S. D. A., & Gabarra, L. M. (2020). Terminalidade, morte e luto na pandemia de COVID-19: demandas psicológicas emergentes e implicações práticas. Estudos de Psicologia, 37, e200090. https://doi.org/10.1590/1982-0275202037e200090.
Crispim, D., Silva, M. J. P., Cedotti, W., Câmara, M., & Gomes, S. A. (2022). Visitas virtuais durante a pandemia de COVID-19: recomendações práticas para comunicação e acolhimento. https://ammg.org.br/wp-content/uploads/Visitas-virtuais-COVID-19.pdf.
Dantas, C. R., Azevedo, R. C. S., Vieira, L. C., Côrtes, M. T. F., Federmann, A. L. P., Cucco, L. M., Rodrigues, L. R., Domingues, J. F. R., Dantas, J. E., Portella, I. P., & Cassorla, R. M. S. (2020). O luto nos tempos da COVID-19: desafios do cuidado durante a pandemia. Revista Latinoamericana de Psicopatologia Fundamental, 23(3), 509-533. https://doi.org/10.1590/1415-4714.2020v23n3p509.5
Eugênio, C. S., Beck Filho, M. C., & Souza, E. N. (2017). Visita aberta em UTI adulto: utopia ou realidade? Revista de Enfermagem da UFSM, 7(3), 539-549. DOI: 10.5902/2179769222692
Ferreira, P. D., & Mendes, T. N. (2013). Família em UTI: importância do suporte psicológico diante da iminência de morte. Revista da Sociedade Brasileira de Psicologia Hospitalar, 16(1), 88-112. http://pepsic.bvsalud.org/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1516-08582013000100006&lng=pt&nrm=iso>. ISSN 1516-0858
Fontes, W., Assis, P., Santos, E., Maranhão, T., Lima-Júnior, J., & Gadelha, M. (2020). Perdas, mortes e luto durante a pandemia de Covid-19: uma revisão da literatura. ID on line. Revista de psicologia, 14(51), 303-317. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.14295/idonline.v14i51.2557
Kentish-Barnes, N., Cohen-Solal, Z., Morin, L., Souppart, V., Pochard, F., & Azoulay E. (2021). Lived experiences of family members of patients with severe COVID-19 who died in Intensive Care Units in France. Journal of American Medical Association Network Open, 4(6), e2113355. DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.13355
Monteiro, M. C., Magalhães, A.S., & Machado, R.N. (2017). A morte em cena na UTI: a família diante da terminalidade. Temas em Psicologia, 25(3), 1285-1299. https://doi.org/10.9788/TP2017.3-17Pt
Nunes, M. E. P., & Gabarra, L. M. (2017). Percepção de familiares sobre visitas a pacientes e regras em Unidade de Terapia Intensiva. Arquivos de Ciências da Saúde, 24(3), 84-88. DOI: 10.17696/2318-3691.24.3.2017.669
Organização Pan-Americana da Saúde (2022). Histórico da pandemia de COVID-19. https://www.paho.org/pt/covid19/historico-da-pandemia-covid-19
Parkes, C. M. (2009). Amor e perda: as raízes do luto e suas complicações. São Paulo: Summus.
Paul Victor, C. G., & Treschuk, J. V. (2020). Critical literature review on the definition clarity of the concept of faith, religion, and spirituality. Journal of Holistic Nursing, 38(1), 107-113. DOI: 10.1177/0898010119895368
Pereira, A. S., Shitsuka, D. M., Parreira, F. J., & Shitsuka, R. (2018). Metodologia da pesquisa científica [recurso eletrônico]. Santa Maria: UFSM.
Rose, L., Graham, T., Xyrichis, A., Pattison, N., Metaxa, V., Saha, S., Ramsay, P., & Meyer, J. (2022). Family perspectives on facilitators and barriers to the set up and conduct of virtual visiting in intensive care during the COVID-19 pandemic: a qualitative interview study. Intensive and Critical Care Nursing [In Press].
Rose, L., Muttalib, F., & Adhikari, N. K. J. (2019). Psychological consequences of admission to the ICU: helping patients and families. Journal of American Medical Association, 322(3), 213-215. DOI: 10.1001/jama.2019.9059. Erratum in: Journal of American Medical Association, 322(12), 1215.
Sá-Serafim, R. C. N., Do Bú, E., & Lima-Nunes, A. V. (2020). Manual de diretrizes para atenção psicológica nos hospitais em tempos de combate ao Covid-19. Revista Saúde e Ciência online, 8(2), suppl 2. Available from: https://rsctemp.sti.ufcg.edu.br/index.php/RSC-UFCG/article/view/876/456
Social Science in Humanitarian Action. (2020, abril). Key considerations: dying, bereavement and mortuary and funerary practices in the context of COVID-19. https://www.ids.ac.uk/publications/key-considerations-dying-bereavement-and-mortuary-and-funerary-practices-in-the-context-of-covid-19-april-2020/
Souza, R. P. (2010). Rotinas de humanização em medicina intensiva. Rio de Janeiro: Atheneu.
Souza, T. L., Barilli, S. L. S., & Azeredo, N. S. G. (2014). Perspectiva de familiares sobre o processo de morrer em Unidade de Terapia Intensiva. Texto & Contexto Enfermagem, 23(3), 751-757. https://doi.org/10.1590/0104-07072014002200012
Tong, A., Sainsbury, P., & Craig, J. (2007). Consolidated criteria for reporting qualitative research (COREQ): a 32-item checklist for interviews and focus groups. International Journal of Quality in Health Care, 19(6), 349-57. DOI: 10.1093/intqhc/mzm042.
Wakam, G. K., Montgomery, J. R., Biesterveld, B. E., & Brown, C. S. (2020). Not dying alone – modern compassionate care in the Covid-19 pandemic. The New England Journal of Medicine, 382(24), e88. DOI: 10.1056/NEJMp2007781
Walsh, F. (2016). A dimensão espiritual da vida familiar. In: Walsh, F. (Ed). Processos normativos da família: diversidade e complexidade (pp 347-371). Porto Alegre: Artmed.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2023 Sofia Louise Santin Barilli; Anelise Kirst da Silva; Veridiana Baldon; Anelise Cristina Schmitz Franco; Lisiane Souza; Andréia Martins Specht
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
1) Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
2) Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
3) Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work.
