SARS-CoV-2: Cytokine storm relationship in the development of endothelial lesions in severe cases of COVID-19

Authors

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v12i5.41269

Keywords:

SARS-CoV-2; ECA-2; Endothelial dysfunction.

Abstract

In March 2020, was declared by OMS the COVID-19 pandemic. Having SARS-CoV-2 as the etiological agent, the virus has in its protein envelope spicular glycoproteins capable of binding to ACE2 protein receptors present mainly in lung cells, endothelial cells of the cardiovascular system, in addition to mediating cell entry fusion. By making this connection with the ACE-2 receptor, the viral envelope fuses with the cell membrane and then viral replication begins, inciting a hyperinflammatory state, generating the “cytokine storm”. In patients with endothelial disorders, there may be an increase in thrombin, coagulation and exacerbation of inflammation, leading to a greater consumption of endogenous anticoagulants and decreasing their production through HF1-alpha blockade. This condition leads the patient to a pro-thrombotic state, triggering poor prognosis and pulmonary thromboembolism, for example. This bibliographic review aims to analyze how endothelial lesions can contribute to severe cases of COVID-19, aiming at compiling clinical information and its close relationship with the cytokine storm. Severe cases of COVID-19 are associated with endothelial dysfunction, inflammation and cytokine production and release, promoting increased leukocyte adherence, activation of the procoagulant and anti-fibrinolytic state, which can lead to multiple organ failure and further facilitate clotting. disseminated intravascular hyperinflation associated with coagulopathy and thrombocytopenia. A quick and correct diagnosis is necessary for the use of therapeutic strategies that favor the reestablishment of the hemodynamic balance and clinical improvement of the patient in serious condition.

Author Biographies

Vitória Morales Gonçalves, Universidade Cesumar Maringá

DISCENTE MEDICINA - DEPARTAMENTO DE CIÊNCIAS DA SAÚDE.

Rafaela Rodrigues Paixão, Universidade Cesumar Maringá

DISCENTE DE MEDICINA - DEPARTAMENTO DE CIÊNCIAS DA SAÚDE

References

Bee, G. R., Pinto, D. D., da Silva, A. C. C. A., Oliveira, T., & Arrigo, J. da S. (2022). Vacinas contra COVID-19 disponíveis no Brasil / Vaccines against COVID-19 available in Brazil. Brazilian Journal of Development, 8(1), 6246–6263. https://doi.org/10.34117/bjdv8n1-422

Brandão, S. C. S., Godoi, E. T. A. M., Ramos, J. de O. X., Melo, L. M. M. P. de., & Sarinho, E. S. C. (2020a). COVID-19 grave: entenda o papel da imunidade, do endotélio e da coagulação na prática clínica. Jornal Vascular Brasileiro, 19, e20200131. https://doi.org/10.1590/1677-5449.200131

Brandão, S. C. S., Godoi, E. T. A. M., Ramos, J. de O. X., Melo, L. M. M. P. de., Dompieri, L. T., Brindeiro Filho, D. F., & Sarinho, E. S. C. (2020b). Papel dbo Endotélio na COVID-19 Grave. Arquivos Brasileiros De Cardiologia, 115(6)), 1184–1189. https://doi.org/10.36660/abc.20200643

Chen, J., Wang, R., Gilby, N. B., & Wei, G. W. (2022). Omicron Variant (B.1.1.529): Infectivity, Vaccine Breakthrough, and Antibody Resistance. Journal of chemical information and modeling, 62(2), 412–422. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jcim.1c01451

de Vries A. A. F. (2020). SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19: a primer for cardiologists. Neth Heart J, 28, 366-383. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12471-020-01475-1

Emilio A F, Aloísio Francischetti, V G A (2005). Disfunção endotelial na doença arterial coronariana. Revista SOCERJ, 18(1), 36-40. http://sociedades.cardiol.br/socerj/revista/2005_01/a2005_v18_n01_art04.pdf.

Guo, Y R., Cao, Q D., Hong, Z S. et al. (2020). The origin, transmission and clinical therapies on coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak – an update on the status. Military Med Res 7, 11 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1186/s40779-020-00240-0

Dourado I. L, Caetano L.A.V, Marques M. M., Penna U. P. A., Costa C. D. D, Arruda F. S, Ferreira G. V. S. & Libera L.S.D. (2020). Estudo da história natural da COVID-19 e epidemiologia da infecção por SARS-CoV-2: uma revisão descritiva da literatura. Brazilian Journal of Surgery and Clinical Research 33 (3), 46-56.

Jesús F Bermejo-Martin, Raquel Almansa, Antoni Torres, Milagros González-Rivera, & David J Kelvin, (2020). COVID-19 como doença cardiovascular: o papel potencial da disfunção endotelial crônica, Cardiovascular Research, 116, e132–e133, https://doi.org/10.1093/cvr/cvaa140

Khalil, O. A. K., & Khalil, S. da S. (2020). SARS-CoV-2: taxonomia, origem e constituição. Revista De Medicina, 99(5), 473-479. https://doi.org/10.11606/issn.1679-9836.v99i5p473-479

Kim, B., & Arany, Z. (2022). Editorial commentary: Could shear stress mimetics delay complications in COVID-19? Trends in cardiovascular medicine, 32(2), 71–72. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tcm.2021.01.004

Lima, M. A. F., & Batista, A. C. M. (2021). Tempestade de citocinas na COVID-19. Revista ULakes, 8(1), 92-105.

Antonio M. V. N., Imperador C. H. L., Espreafico Junior C. R., Chin C. M., & Bosquesi P. L (2020) Tempestade de citocinas na COVID-19. ULAKES Journal of Medicine 1 (EE), 31-40. https://revistas.unilago.edu.br/index.php/ulakes/article/view/255/234

Ministério da Saúde (2021) gov.br. Fonte: https://www.gov.br/saude/pt-br/coronavirus/publicacoes-tecnicas/recomendacoes/orientacoes-para-manejo-de-pacientes-com-covid-19/view

Ministério da Saúde (Brasil). (s.d.). COVID-19: Painel Coronavírus. Recuperado de https://covid.saude.gov.br/

Napoleão, R. N. M., Santiago, A. B. G., Moreira, M. A., Silva, S. L., & Silva, S. F. R. (2021). COVID-19: Entendendo a tempestade de citocinas. Pesquisa, Sociedade e Desenvolvimento, 10 (5), e43710515150. https://doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v10i5.15150

Organização Pan-Americana da Saúde. (2021). Histórico da pandemia COVID-19. Recuperado de https://www.paho.org/pt/covid19/historico-da-pandemia-covid-19

Pérez-Abeledo, M., & Sanz Moreno, J. C. (2021). SARS-CoV-2 variants, a still unfinished story [Variantes de SARS-CoV-2, una historia todavía inacabada]. Vacunas (English Edition), 22(3), 167–173. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vacune.2021.10.003

Pires Brito, S. B., Braga, I. O., Cunha, C. C., Palácio, M. A. V., & Takenami, I. (2020). Pandemia da COVID-19: o maior desafio do século XXI. Vigil Sanit Debate, Rio De Janeiro, 8(2), 54–63. https://doi.org/10.22239/2317-269X.01531

Porth, C.M. & Matfin, G. (2015). Fisiopatologia. (9a ed.), Guanabara Koogan.

Rother, E. T. (2007) Revisión sistemática X Revisión narrativa. Acta paulista de enfermagem, 20, v-vi.

Serpa F. S, Dortas-Junior S. D, Guidacci M F R C, Sarinho F W, Silva E C, Rosario-Filho N A, et al. (2021). Vacinas COVID-19 e imunobiológicos. Arq Asma Alerg Imunol. 5(2):126-134.

Uzunian, A. (2020). Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 and Covid-19. Jornal brasileiro de patologia e medicina laboratorial, J. Bras. Patol. Med. Lab., 56, e3472020. https://doi.org/10.5935/1676-2444.20200053

Published

01/05/2023

How to Cite

GONÇALVES, V. M. .; PAIXÃO, R. R. .; BESSON, J. C. F. . SARS-CoV-2: Cytokine storm relationship in the development of endothelial lesions in severe cases of COVID-19. Research, Society and Development, [S. l.], v. 12, n. 5, p. e5912541269, 2023. DOI: 10.33448/rsd-v12i5.41269. Disponível em: https://rsdjournal.org/index.php/rsd/article/view/41269. Acesso em: 12 nov. 2024.

Issue

Section

Health Sciences