Onchocerciasis: the neglected tropical disease that affects Yanomami ethnic
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v12i5.41737Keywords:
Blindness; Parasitic Diseases; Amazonian Ecosystem; Health of indigenous peoples.Abstract
Onchocerciasis, a disease caused by Onchocerca volvulus is transmitted via hematophagous Diptera of the genus Simulium, also known as “black flies” or “borrachudos”. This disease develops in humans and can cause onchocerciatic dermatitis, in addition to progressing to blindness, a fact that justifies being popularly known as “river blindness”. It is listed in the group of Neglected Tropical Diseases and has its eradication goal the year 2025. The aim of this study was to evaluate the incidence of river blindness in the Yanomami and Ye`kwana Indigenous Territory, the main focus of concentration of this disease in the Americas. For this, a literature review was carried out in the Medline, PubMed and Scielo databases, in addition to the national epidemiological bulletins. In this study, it was observed that among the Yanomami this disease is considered endemic and, despite several control programs launched locally and worldwide, these indigenous groups continue to present cases of the disease, due to the difficulty of indigenous health services in accessing indigenous groups. to provide adequate preventive coverage of the entire population, as well as sociocultural aspects marked by the territorial mobility that characterizes this ethnic group. The problem with this disease is the presence of subcutaneous nodules, skin rash, geroderma and blindness. Therefore, the persistence of onchocerciasis among Yanomamis is highlighted, who continue to face problems due to onchocerciasis, which are constantly neglected by Brazilian public health.
References
Bertazo, K., Santos, C. B. D., Pinto, I. D. S., Ferreira, A. L., Falqueto, A. & Pepinelli, M. (2010). Distribuição de espécies de borrachudos (Diptera: Simuliidae) do Espírito Santo, Brasil. Biota Neotropica, 10(3), 129-132.
Blanks, J., Richards, F., Beltrán, F., Collins, R., Alvarez, E., Zea Flores, G., Bauler, B., Cedilos, R., Heisler, M., Brandling-Bennett, D., Baldwin, W., Bayona, M., Klein, R. & Jacox, M. (1998). The Onchocerciasis Elimination Program for the Americas: a history of partnership. Revista Panamericana de Salud Pública, 3, 367-374.
Brasil (2021). Ministério da Saúde. Boletim Epidemiológico: Situação epidemiológica e estratégias de prevenção, controle e eliminação das doenças tropicais negligenciadas no Brasil, 1995 a 2016.
Brasil (2020). Ministério da Saúde. Sistemas de Informação da Saúde Indígena, versão 4.0.2, janeiro.
Cardoso, A. E. C., Cardoso, A., Talhari, C. & Santos, M. (2020). Update on parasitic dermatoses. Anais Brasileiros de Dermatologia, 95(1), 1-14.
Dias, L. C., Dessoy, M. A., Guido, R. V. C., Oliva, G., Andricopulo, A. D. (2013). Doenças tropicais negligenciadas: uma nova era de desafios e oportunidades. Química Nova, 36(10), 1552-1556.
Ferreira, H. P. (2019). Políticas para as Línguas Yanomami. Câmara Brasileira do Livro, SP, Brasil.
Fernández, J. C., Saldarriaga, J. G. Z., Escudero, J. C. S. & Restrepo, D. D. (2017). Oncocercosis: de lo básico a lo clínico. Medicina UPB, 35(2), 111-119.
Herzog, M. M. (1999). A Oncocercose humana no Brasil e sua dispersão. 1999. 239f. Tese (Doutorado em Biologia Parasitária) - Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de janeiro, RJ.
Herzog-Neto, G., Jaegger, K., Nascimento, E. S., Marchon-Silva, V., Banic, D. M. & Maia-Herzog, M. (2014). Ocular Onchocerciasis in the Yanomami Communities from Brazilian Amazon: Effects on Intraocular Pressure. American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 90(1), 96-98.
Hoch, C, Machado, G. M., Lemos, A. D. & Sperotto, R. L. (2019). A oncocercose no Brasil: uma revisão bibliográfica. XXIV Seminário Interinstitucional de Ensino, Pesquisa e Extensão, 1-4.
Johanns, S. I., Gantin, R. G., Wangala, B., Komlan, K., Halatoko, W. A., Banla, M. & Soboslay, P. T. (2022). Onchocerca volvulus-specific antibody and cellular responses in onchocerciasis patients treated annually with ivermectin for 30 years and exposed to parasite transmission in central Togo. PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases, 16(5), e0010340.
Lakwo, T., Oguttu, D., Ukety, T., Post, R. & Bakajika, D. (2022). Onchocerciasis elimination: progress and challenges. Research and Reports in Tropical Medicine, 11, 81-95.
Lustigman, S., Makepeace, B. L., Klei, T. R., Babayan, S. A., Hotez, P., Abraham, D. & Bottazzi, M. E. (2018). Onchocerca volvulus: The Road from Basic Biology to a Vaccine. Trends in Parasitology, 34(1), 64-79.
McCulloch, K., Hedtke, S. M., McCaw, J. M., McVernon, J., Basáñez, M. G., Walker, M., ... & Grant, W. N. (2023). Impact of human movement between hypo-and hyperendemic areas on sustainability of elimination of Onchocerca volvulus transmission. medRxiv, 2023-01.
Meurer, I. R., Coimbra, E. S. (2022). Doenças tropicais negligenciadas e o seu contexto no Brasil. HU Rev. 48, 1-2.
Moraes, M. A. P (1991). Oncocercose entre os índios Yanomámi. Cadernos de Saúde Pública, 7(4), 503-514.
Murdoch, M. E. (2023). Onchocerciasis. UpToDate, 2023. Disponível em: < http://www.uptodate.com/online>.
Njume, F. N., Ghogomu, S. M., Shey, R. A., Gainkam, L. O. T., Poelvoorde, P., Humblet, P., Kamgno, J., Robert, A., Lelubre, C., Edelweiss, E., Poterszman, A., Anheuser, S., Vanhamme, L. & Souopgui, J. (2019). Identification and characterization of the Onchocerca volvulus excretory secretory product Ov28CRP, a putative GM2 activator protein. PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases, 13(7), e0007591.
Nunes, L. A. S., Nunes, H. A. S., dos Santos, R. M. S., & de Siqueira, R. N. P. (2022). Negacionismo à Ciência: Dificuldades da Realização de Pesquisa Epidemiológica de Campo no Interior da Amazônia. Research, Society and Development, 11(5), e29711528074-e29711528074.
Oliveira, R. M., Santana, T. P., & Ferreira, R. K. A. (2021). A aplicação dos princípios da Bioética no Ensino Superior. Revista Eletrônica Pesquiseduca, 13(30), 619-632.
Silva, B. M. D. (2022). Importância econômica e médica, além da transmissão de patógenos, de seis espécies nominais de Simulium na América do Sul.
Silva, V. M. (2015). Estudo epidemiológico para a avaliação da eliminação da Oncocercose em áreas sentinelas da Região Amazônica, Brasil. 2015. 152f. Tese (Doutorado em Medicina Tropical) - Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de janeiro, RJ.
Udall, D. N. (2007). Recent updates on onchocerciasis: diagnosis and treatment. Clinical Infectious Diseases, 44(1), 53-60.
Urban, G. (1992). A história da cultura brasileira segundo as línguas nativas. In Manuela Carneiro Cunha (org.). História dos Índios do Brasil. São Paulo: FAPESP/Companhia das Letras, 87-102.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2023 Felipe Savio de Souza Viana; Breno Spinassé Freires; Jorge Luiz Ribeiro de Oliveira; José Valdemir do Nascimento; Iara Leão Luna de Souza
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
1) Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
2) Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
3) Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work.
