Quality of water from springs in the administrative region of Brazlândia, located in the Descoberto River micro hydrographic basin, Federal District, Brazil

Authors

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v12i6.41954

Keywords:

Water; Veredinhas Park; Thermotolerant Coliforms; Escherichia coli; Enteroparasites; Springs.

Abstract

Water is essential for life and used for multiple purposes such as human consumption, agriculture and recreation. In this way, it must present physical-chemical characteristics adequate to the quality standards, without risk to human health. This study aimed to verify the water quality of the springs, in the municipality of the Regional city of Brazlândia, DF, Brazil, in the year 2021. The research was carried out in May and the water samples were collected in eleven points of springs and from Córrego de Brazlândia, in Veredinhas Park, from each sampling point, three liters of water were collected randomly and separately, for the investigation of enteroparasites, using the spontaneous sedimentation method. For the analysis of thermotolerant coliforms and Escherichia coli, three samples (100 ml) were collected and analyzed using the Colilert method. The organoleptic characteristics, pH, and presence of solid residues were verified in addition to observing the existence of the gallery forest. All areas analyzed had the presence of solid residues and most of the collection points had water with a cloudy appearance, unpleasant odor, and pH 6. All samples were positive for thermotolerant coliforms and presented at least one evolutionary form of intestinal parasite. Water sources in Brazlândia, DF, Brazil, are contaminated with potentially pathogenic microorganisms for humans. Thus, measures must be taken to minimize this situation, in addition to guidance and work with the community, to help in the recovery of these sources.

References

Alm, E. W., Burke, J. & Spain, A. (2003). Fecal indicator bacteria are abundant in wet sand at freswater beaches. Water Research, 7(16):3978-82. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0043-1354(03)00301-4.

Almeida, F. M., Silva, M. M. O. & Labarthe N. (2007). Giardia spp. in fecal samples of domestic cats from Rio de Janeiro, RJ. Acta Scient Vet. 35(2): 468-469.

Andrade, E. C. De, Leite, I. C. G., Rodrigues, V. D. O., & Cesca, M. G. (2010). Intestinal parasitosis: A review of its social, epidemiological, clinical and therapeutic aspects. APS Magazine, 13(2), 231–240.

Araújo, A. F, Trindade, P.O., Paula, T. C, Melo, S. K., & Vieira, H. P. (2011) Use of physicochemical parameters and bacterial strains of sanitary interest to evaluate the quality of the waters of the lagoon várzea das flores, municipalities of contagem and Betim/Minas Gerais, Yearbook of the production of scientific initiation, 14(23), 165-177.

Araújo, P. C., Bilich, M. R., Lacerda, M. P. C., Carmo, F. F., Borges, T. D., Souza, R. Q., Bernardes, C. B., & Rolim, R. L. (2011). Evaluation of water quality in a watershed with different types of agricultural use, through geoprocessing. In: XV Brazilian Symposium on Remote Sensing - SBSR, Curitiba, PR, Brazil, INPE, 1419.

Bain, R., Cronk, R., Wright, J., Yang, H., Slaymaker, T. & Bartram, J. (2014). Fecal Contamination of Drinking-Water in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. PLOS Medicine 11(5): e1001644. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1001644.

Bartmann, A., & Araújo, F. A. P. (2004). Frequency of Giardia lamblia in dogs attended by veterinary clinics in Porto Alegre city, RS, Brazil. Clínica e Cirurgia, 34(4).

Birth, C., Néri, H., Silva, L., Silva, R., Coelho, C., Vasconcelos, N., & Vala, H. (2010). Importance of Entamoeba histolytica and Entamoeba coli in man and domestic animals. Portuguese Parasitological Act. 17(2): 121.

Burlin, J. W. H., & Sa, A. R. N. (2020). Parasitological analysis and management conditions of vegetables for own consumption from rural properties in the municipality of Mamborê – Pr. SaBios-Journal of Health and Biology, 15(3), 57–63. https://revista2.grupointegrado.br/revista/index.php/sabios/article/view/2669.

Buzelli, G. M., & Cunha-Santino, M. B. da (2013). Análise e diagnóstico da qualidade da água e estado trófico do reservatório de Barra Bonita, SP. Revista Ambiente & Água, 8(1), 186–205. https://doi.org/10.4136/ambi-agua.930.

Chard, A. N., Levy, K., Baker, K. K., Tsai, K., Chang, H. H., Thongpaseuth, V., Sistrunk, J. R., & Freeman, M. C. (2020). Environmental and spatial determinants of enteric pathogen infection in rural Lao People's Democratic Republic: A cross-sectional study. PLoS neglected tropical diseases, 14(4), e0008180. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0008180.

CODEPLAN (2020). District Household Sample Survey - PDAD 2018. CODEPLAN report. Retrieved Jan 6, 2023, from https://www.codeplan.df.gov.br/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/PDAD_DF-Grupo-de-Renda-compactado.pdf.

CONAMA-Conselho Nacional do Meio Ambiente (2005). Resolução Conama Nº 357, de 17 de março de 2005. http://pnqa.ana.gov.br/Publicacao/RESOLUCAO_CONAMA_n_357.pdf.

Correa, G. P. A., Lopes, L. N., & Rezende, S. S. R. (2020). Analysis of the quality of water for human consumption of a spring located in the neighborhood of registro in Taubaté. Journal of biosciences-University of Taubaté, 26(1), 52-69.

Costa, Í. A., Coelho, C. D., Bueno, C., Ferreira, I., & Freire, E. R. B. O. (2010). Occurrence of gastrointestinal parasites in wild birds in the municipality of Seropédica, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Brazilian Animal Science, 11(4), 914-922.

Coutinho, J. O., & Rabello, E. X. (1958). Contribution to the study of the intestinal protozoa of the pig (Sus scrofa domesticus). Archives of the School of Hygiene and Public Health, University of São Paulo, 12(1), 67-78. https://doi.org/10.11606/issn.2358-792X.v12i1p67-78.

Cunha, M. J. R. (2013). Occurrence and molecular identification of Cryptosporidium spp. and Giardia spp. in Brazilian wild birds. Dissertation (Master in Biological Sciences) - Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia.

Dall ́agnol, L. P., Otto, M. A., Da Silva, A. S., & Monteiro, S. G. (2010). Gastrointestinal parasites in naturally infected cats in the municipality of Santa Maria in Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. Acta Veterinaria Brasilica, 4(3),181-184.

Dos Santos Carvalho, O., Guerra, H. L., Campos, Y. R., Caldeira, R. L., & Massara, C. L. (2002). Prevalence of intestinal helminths in three mesoregions of the State of Minas Gerais. Journal of the Brazilian Society of Tropical Medicine, 35(6), 597–600. https://doi.org/10.1590/s0037-86822002000600009.

Ferraz, A., Pires, B. dos S., Barwaldt, E. T., Bierhals, E. S., Marco, C. J. de Nizoli, L. Q., & Nobre, M. de O. (2020). Frequency of gastrintestinal parasites and hemoparasites in dogs and cats served at the Veterinary Hospital of the Federal University of Pelotas (UFPel). Research, Society and Development, 9(8), e10985356. https://doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v9i8.5356.

FUNASA (2013). Manual prático de análise de água / Fundação Nacional de Saúde – 4. ed. – Brasília: Funasa, 150. Retrieved June 06, 2023, from http://www.funasa.gov.br/site/wp-content/files_mf/manual_pratico_de_analise_de_agua_2.pdf.

Garboggini, I. L. A., & Gallo, C. R. Research of Salmonella, Campylobacter, total coliforms and Escherichia coli in spring waters (spouts) in Piracicaba, SP. In: Congresso Brasileiro de Ciência e Tecnologia De Alimentos, 16, 1998, Rio de Janeiro. Abstracts, Rio de Janeiro.

Gleeson, C., & Gray, N. (1996). The Coliform Index and Waterborne Disease: Problems of microbial drinking water assessment (1st ed.). CRC Press. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203476888.

Hoffman, W. A., Pons, J. A., & Janer, J. L. (1934). The Sedimentation Concentration Method in Schistosomiasis mansoni. Puerto Rico Journal Public Health Tropical Medicine, 9, 3, 283-289.

ICMBio. (2014). APA Management Plan Discovered River Basin. Booklet 2 - Diagnosis of the APA Bacia do Rio Descoberto. Retrieved Jan 16, 2023, from https://www.gov.br/icmbio/pt-br/assuntos/biodiversidade/unidade-de-conservacao/unidades-de-biomas/cerrado/lista-de-ucs/apa-da-bacia-do-rio-descoberto/arquivos/apa_bacia_do_rio_descoberto_pm_encartes_12_e_3.pdf.

Libânio, P. A. C., Chernicharo, C. A. de L., & Nascimento, N. de O. (2005). A dimensão da qualidade de água: avaliação da relação entre indicadores sociais, de disponibilidade hídrica, de saneamento e de saúde pública. Engenharia Sanitária e Ambiental, 10(3), 219–228. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1413-41522005000300006.

Lima, J. B. M. (2004) Study of surface water quality monitoring networks - the case of the Descoberto River basin. Master's thesis in Environmental Technology and Water Resources, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Brasília, UnB, 112.

Lima, J. E. F. W., Freitas, G. K., Pinto, M. A. T., & Salles, P. S. B. A. (2018). Management of the water crisis 2016-2018: experiences of the Federal District. Brasilia, DF: Adasa: Caesb: Seagri: Emater. https://www.adasa.df.gov.br/images/banners/alta.pdf.

Lin, L., Yang, H., & Xu, X. (2022). Effects of Water Pollution on Human Health and Disease Heterogeneity: A Review. Frontiers in Environmental Science, 10. https://doi.org/10.3389/fenvs.2022.880246.

Liu, L., Johnson, H. L., Cousens, S., Perin, J., Scott, S., Lawn, J. E., Rudan, I., Campbell, H., Cibulskis, R., Li, M., Mathers, C., Black, R. E., & Child Health Epidemiology Reference Group of WHO and UNICEF (2012). Global, regional, and national causes of child mortality: an updated systematic analysis for 2010 with time trends since 2000. Lancet (London, England), 379(9832), 2151–2161. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(12)60560-1.

Lloyd, B. J. & Bartram, J. K. (1991). Surveillance Solutions to Microbiological Problems in Water Quality Control in Developing Countries. Water Science and Technology, 24 (2): 61–75. doi: https://doi.org/10.2166/wst.1991.0031.

Machado, E. R., Maldonade, I. R., Riquette, R. F. R., Mendes, V. S., Gurgel-Gonçalves, R., & Ginani, V. C. (2018). Frequency of Enteroparasites and Bacteria in the Leafy Vegetables Sold in Brazilian Public Wholesale Markets. Journal of food protection, 81(4), 542–548. https://doi.org/10.4315/0362-028X.JFP-17-358.

Machado, P. J. O. & Torres, F. T. P. (2013). Introdução à hidrogeografia. Cengage Learning.

Maciel, D. de F., Goncalves, R. G., & Machado, E. R. (2014). Occurrence of intestinal parasites in vegetables sold in fairs in the Federal District, Brazil. Journal of Tropical Pathology, 43(3), 351–359. https://doi.org/10.5216/rpt.v43i3.32216.

Maldonade, I. R., Ginani, V. C., Riquette, R. F. R., Gurgel-Gonçalves, R., Mendes, V. S., & Machado, E. R. (2019). Good manufacturing practices of minimally processed vegetables reduce contamination with pathogenic microorganisms. Revista Do Instituto De Medicina Tropical De São Paulo, 61(14). https://doi.org/10.1590/S1678-994620196101.

Marques, j. R. A., nunes-gutjahr, a. L., & braga, c. E. De s. (2020). Sanitary situation and water use of the Santa Cruz stream, municipality of Breves, Marajó archipelago, Pará, Brazil. Sanitary and environmental engineering, 25(4), 597–606. Https://doi.org/10.1590/s1413-41522020193204

Matos, D. J. M., Coelho, M. V., Bresciani, W. M. D., & Saraiva, K. D. (2016). Occurrence of Cryptosporidium spp. and Giardia spp. in weaning pigs. Agricultural Sciences Seminar, 37(6), 4157-4160.

Ministério da Saúde (2011). Portaria nº 2.914, de 12 de dezembro de 2011. https://bvsms.saude.gov.br/bvs/saudelegis/gm/2011/prt2914_12_12_2011.html.

Moraes, D. S. de L., & Jordão, B. Q. (2002). Degradation of water resources and its effects on human health. Journal of Public Health, 36(3), 370–374. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0034-89102002000300018.

Neto, J. B., Freire, R., Rabelo, G. C., & Vendramin, C. A. V. (2016). Effect of water pollution due to urban runoff: preliminary analysis for the municipality of Presidente Prudente – SP. In: XVII Luso-Brazilian Symposium on Sanitary and Environmental Engineering, 2016, Florianópolis. Annals of the XVII SILUBESA. ABES/APR/APESB.

Neves, D. P., Wagner, R., Vitor, D. A., Mastigophora, S., Siqueira, A. M., Suzan, M., Michalick, M., Americana, L. T., Genaro, O., Reis, A. B., & Genaro, O. (2005). Human Parasitology - Neves 11th ed. Human Parasitology, 127–138. https://doi.org/10.1086/521246.

Nogueira, G., Nakamura, C. V., Tognim, M. C. B., Son, B. A. A., & Dias, B. P. F. (2003). Microbiological quality of drinking water in urban and rural communities. Journal of Public Health, 37(2), 232-236.

Oliveira, C. A. F. de., & Germano, P. M. L. (1992). Study of the occurrence of enteroparasites in vegetables sold in the metropolitan region of São Paulo, SP, Brazil: I - Research on helminths. Journal of Public Health, 26(4), 283–289. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0034-89101992000400011.

Oliveira, D., Costa, E., & Dias, T. (2007). Research of Giardia lamblia in humans and cattle in the region of Bragança. Bioanalysis,2, 67-69.

Pielou, E.C. (1988). Freshwater. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, 275.

Popkin, B. M., D'Anci, K. E., & Rosenberg, I. H. (2010). Water, hydration, and health. Nutrition reviews, 68(8), 439–458. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1753-4887.2010.00304.x.

Prüss-Ustün, A., Bartram, J., Clasen, T., Colford, J. M., Jr, Cumming, O., Curtis, V., Bonjour, S., Dangour, A. D., De France, J., Fewtrell, L., Freeman, M. C., Gordon, B., Hunter, P. R., Johnston, R. B., Mathers, C., Mäusezahl, D., Medlicott, K., Neira, M., Stocks, M., Wolf, J., … Cairncross, S. (2014). Burden of disease from inadequate water, sanitation and hygiene in low- and middle-income settings: a retrospective analysis of data from 145 countries. Tropical medicine & international health: TM & IH, 19(8), 894–905. https://doi.org/10.1111/tmi.12329.

Rodrigues, A. D. (2014). Prevalence of intestinal parasites in dogs from an animal shelter in southern Brazil. Science in Motion - Biosciences and Health, 33.

Santos, P. H. S., Barros, R. de C. S., Gomes, K. V. G., Nery, A. A., & Casotti, C. A. (2017). Prevalence of intestinal parasitosis and associated factors among the elderly. Revista Brasileira de Geriatria e Gerontologia, 20(2), 244–253. https://doi.org/10.1590/1981-22562017020.160137

Silva, M. P., Cavalli, D. R., & Oliveira, T. C. R. M. (2006). Evaluation of the coliform pattern at 45ºc and comparison of the efficiency of the techniques of multiple tubes and petrifilm ec in the detection of total coliforms and Escherichia coli in food. Food science and technology, 26(2), 352–359. Https://doi.org/10.1590/s0101-20612006000200018.

Silva, S. R. M., Maldonade, I. R., Ginani, V. C., Lima, S. A., Mendes, V. S., Azevedo, M. L. X., Gurgel-Gonçalves, R., & Machado, E. R. (2014). Detection of intestinal parasites on field-grown strawberries in the Federal District of Brazil. Revista Da Sociedade Brasileira De Medicina Tropical, 47(6), 801–805. https://doi.org/10.1590/0037-8682-0044-2014.

Smith, D. N. de. (2013). Documents 2 Preliminary diagnosis of fishing extension in the state of Tocantins. EMBRAPA Fisheries and Agriculture, 1, 50.

Souza, L. C., Iaria, S. T., Paim, G. V., & Lopes, C. A. M. (1983). Total coliform bacteria and coliforms of fecal origin in waters used in the dessication of animals. Journal of public health, 17(2), 112–122. Https://doi.org/10.1590/s0034-89101983000200005.

Souza, L. S., Andrade, A. M. F., Guilherme, E. & Santos, F. G. A. (2019). Endoparasites in wild birds in the Brazilian Amazon. Brazilian Journal of Veterinary Medicine, 41, e105219. https://doi.org/10.29374/2527-2179.bjvm105219.

Takayanagui, O. M., Capuano, D. M., Oliveira, C. A. D., Bergamini, A. M. M., Okino, M. H. T., Castro and Silva, A. A. M. C., Oliveira, M. A., Ribeiro, E. G. A., & Takayanagui, A. M. M. (2006). Analysis of the vegetable production chain in Ribeirão Preto, SP, Revista da Sociedade Brasileira de Medicina Tropical, 39(2), 224–226. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0037-86822006000200018.

Thompson, R. C., Palmer, C. S., & O'Handley, R. (2008). The public health and clinical significance of Giardia and Cryptosporidium in domestic animals. Veterinary journal (London, England: 1997), 177(1), 18–25. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tvjl.2007.09.022.

Tundisi, J. G. (2003). Ciclo hidrológico e gerenciamento integrado. Ciência e Cultura, 55(4), 31-33. http://cienciaecultura.bvs.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0009-67252003000400018&lng=en&tlng=pt.

Urquhart, G. M., Armour, J., Duncan, J. L., Dunn, A. M., Jennings, F. W. (1998). Veterinary Parasitology. 2 ed. Rio de Janeiro: Guanabara Koogan, 273.

Vasconcelos, V. M. M., & Souza, C. F. (2011). Characterization of water quality parameters of the Utinga spring, Belém, PA, Brazil. Journal Environment & Water, Taubaté, 6(2), 305-324.

Vieira, J. N., Pereira, C. P., Bastos, C. G. G., Nagel, A. S., Antunes, L., & Villela, M. M. (2013). Parasites in vegetables sold in the south of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Journal of Medical and Biological Sciences, 12(1):45-9.

Von Sperling M. (2005). Introduction to water quality and sewage treatment. 3rd Ed. Belo Horizonte: Department of Environmental Engineering, Federal University of Minas Gerais.

WHO (2011). Guidelines for drinking-water quality. Geneva: World Health Organization. https://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/44584/9789241548151_eng.pdf.

Zanetti, A. dos S., Silva, B. L. S. da, Barros, L. F. de, Garcia, H. A., Aguiar, D. M. de., Espinosa, O. A., & Malheiros, A. F. (2021). Epidemiological investigation of gastrointestinal parasites in dogs from different environments in central Brazil: implications for human-animal-environmental health. Research, Society and Development, 10(1), e31210111751. https://doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v10i1.11751.

Downloads

Published

14/06/2023

How to Cite

CUNHA , M. J. da; SÁ, L. C. C. E. F. .; GORDINHO, D. L. M. .; SILVA, C. L. A. da .; PASSAGLIA, F. B. .; MALDONADE, I. R. .; MACHADO, E. R. . Quality of water from springs in the administrative region of Brazlândia, located in the Descoberto River micro hydrographic basin, Federal District, Brazil. Research, Society and Development, [S. l.], v. 12, n. 6, p. e14212641954, 2023. DOI: 10.33448/rsd-v12i6.41954. Disponível em: https://rsdjournal.org/index.php/rsd/article/view/41954. Acesso em: 3 may. 2024.

Issue

Vol. 12 No. 6

Section

Agrarian and Biological Sciences

License

Copyright (c) 2023 Marcos João da Cunha ; Lana CristinaLana Cristina Evangelista Ferreira Sá; Diego Leonardo Maximo Gordinho; Christian Lucas Américo da Silva; Fernanda Barros Passaglia; Iriani Rodrigues Maldonade; Eleuza Rodrigues Machado

Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:

1) Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.

2) Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.

3) Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work.