Hairy cell leukemia in older adult: Case report and literature review

Authors

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v12i13.44355

Keywords:

Leukemia hairy cell; Flow cytometry; Pancytopenia; Splenomegaly; Proteínas proto-oncogénicas B-raf.

Abstract

Hairy cell leukemia (HCL) is a very rare type of B-cell cancer characterized by the presence of hairy cells in peripheral blood and bone marrow. It mainly affects adult males with a median age of 50 years. Hairy cells are positive for tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) staining and express surface markers CD11c, CD20, CD22, CD25, and CD103. The identification of the BRAF V600E mutation in 2016 has provided a notable diagnostic tool, found in almost 80% of all HCL patients. Currently, the possibility of a multiparametric approach to diagnosis is opening up. Clinical case: A 78-year-old man presents symptoms of marked asthenia, adynamia, hyporexia, and unquantified weight loss, as well as a feeling of gastric fullness. Physical examination reveals a globular, distended abdomen and a palpable splenomegaly of 6 cm, without adenopathies or hepatomegaly. Controlled hypertensive history. He works in agricultural tasks and is frequently in contact with insecticides and pesticides. Conclusion: HCL commonly presents with pancytopenia, splenomegaly, and monocytopenia, characterized by the presence of medium-sized lymphoid cells with broad cytoplasm and cytoplasmic projections that give a hairy appearance in peripheral blood. Diagnosis is established through clinical symptoms, bone marrow aspiration and biopsy, flow cytometry, and other complementary tests.words: Leukemia, Hairy Cell, Flow Cytometry, Bone Marrow, Cell Cycle, Epigenomics.

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Published

07/12/2023

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LOPEZ MUÑOZ, D. F.; CABRERA BAUTISTA, J. N.; BECERRA ZULETA, L. D. .; GRANADA IBANEZ, J. C. .; LONDOÑO LLANO, V.; OCORO GONZALEZ, M. X. .; RIVERA VILLOTA, J. D. Hairy cell leukemia in older adult: Case report and literature review. Research, Society and Development, [S. l.], v. 12, n. 13, p. e117121344355, 2023. DOI: 10.33448/rsd-v12i13.44355. Disponível em: https://rsdjournal.org/index.php/rsd/article/view/44355. Acesso em: 16 nov. 2024.

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Vol. 12 No. 13

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Health Sciences

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Copyright (c) 2023 Diego Fernando Lopez Muñoz; Jackson Nikolai Cabrera Bautista; Laura Daniela Becerra Zuleta; Juan Carlos Granada Ibanez; Valeria Londoño Llano; Marling Xiomara Ocoro Gonzalez; Juan Diego Rivera Villota

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