Aggravation of social inequities in times of pandemic: Systematic review
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v13i3.45151Keywords:
Social inequities; Pandemic; COVID-19.Abstract
Objective: To analyze social inequities in Brazil during a health emergency. Methodology: This is a systematic review that searched for studies in the respective databases such as Pubmed, Scopus, Cinahl, Web of Science, and The Cochrane Data Base, using descriptors in English, selected from the Medical Subject Headings- MeSH. Immediately after cataloguing, the studies were analyzed using Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) and the study sample consisted of eight articles. Results: International data reinforces that around 77% of the global population lives in families that lost income during the pandemic and that black and Hispanic individuals are more likely. In Brazil, in its respective regions, critical scenarios were noticed, such as, for example, in the north and northeast regions, the lack of goods and intensive care, excessive bureaucracy in the regulation of beds, delaying the acquisition of new beds, low coverage of the sewage service. Conclusion: Social inequities are evident as a reflection of a country's health, social and economic policies.
References
Arcaya, M. C., Arcaya, A. L., & Subramanian, S. V. (2015). Inequalities in health: definitions, concepts, and theories. Global health action, 8, 27106. https://doi.org/10.3402/gha.v8.27106
Abdelmagid, N., Southgate, R. J., Alhaffar, M., Ahmed, M., Bani, H., Mounier-Jack, S., Dahab, M., Checchi, F., Sabahelzain, M. M., Nor, B., Rao, B., & Singh, N. S. (2023). The Governance of Childhood Vaccination Services in Crisis Settings: A Scoping Review. Vaccines, 11(12), 1853. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines11121853
Brennecke, A., Heinrich, F., van Rüth, V., Dost, K., Graf, W., Kowalski, V., Rauch, A., Langenwalder, F., Püschel, K., Ondruschka, B., König, H. H., Bertram, F., & Hajek, A. (2023). Determinants of health-related quality of life (HRQoL) among homeless individuals during the COVID-19 pandemic. Quality of life research : an international journal of quality of life aspects of treatment, care and rehabilitation, 32(11), 3075–3083. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11136-023-03455-5
Costa, S. S. (2020). Pandemia e desemprego no Brasil. Revista de Administração Pública54(4):969-978. . https://doi.org/10.1590/0034-761220200170.
Demenech, L. M., Dumith, S. C., Vieira, M. E. C. D., & Neiva-Silva, L. (2020). Income inequality and risk of infection and death by COVID-19 in Brazil. Desigualdade econômica e risco de infecção e morte por COVID-19 no Brasil. Revista brasileira de epidemiologia = Brazilian journal of epidemiology, 23, e200095. https://doi.org/10.1590/1980-549720200095
Frenk, J., & Moon, S. (2013). Governance challenges in global health. The New England journal of medicine, 368(10), 936–942. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMra1109339
Fiorati, R.C., Arcêncio, R.A., Souza, L.B. (2016). Social inequalities and access to health: challenges for society and the nursing field. Revista Latino-Americana de Enfermagem. 2016;24:e2687. https://doi.org/10.1590/1518-8345.0945.2687.
Figueiredo, A. M., Figueiredo, D. C. M. M., Gomes, L. B., Massuda, A., Gil-García, E., Vianna, R. P. T., & Daponte, A. (2020). Social determinants of health and COVID-19 infection in Brazil: an analysis of the pandemic. Revista brasileira de enfermagem, 73(Suppl 2), e20200673. https://doi.org/10.1590/0034-7167-2020-0673
Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística - IBGE. (2021). Brasil. 2021. https://www.ibge.gov.br/indicadores.html
Josephson, A., Kilic, T. & Michler, J. D. (2021). Socioeconomic impacts of COVID-19 in low-income countries (2021). Nat Hum Behav , 557–565. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41562-021-01096-7
Martins-Filho, P. R., de Souza Araújo, A. A., Quintans-Júnior, L. J., & Santos, V. S. (2020). COVID-19 fatality rates related to social inequality in Northeast Brazil: a neighbourhood-level analysis. Journal of travel medicine, 27(7), taaa128. https://doi.org/10.1093/jtm/taaa128
Moura, H. S. D., Berra, T. Z., Rosa, R. J., Silva, R. V. D. S., Soares, D. A., de Araújo, J. S. T., Costa, F. B. P., de Souza, R. M. P., do Nascimento, M. C., Teibo, T. K. A., Serrano-Gallardo, M. D. P., & Arcêncio, R. A. (2023). Health condition, income loss, food insecurity and other social inequities among migrants and refugees during the COVID-19 pandemic in Brazil. BMC public health, 23(1), 1728. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-023-16620-9
Macintyre, A. K., Torrens, C., Campbell, P., Maxwell, M., Pollock, A., Biggs, H., Woodhouse, A., Williams, J. M., & McLean, J. (2020). Socioeconomic inequalities and the equity impact of population-level interventions for adolescent health: an overview of systematic reviews. Public health, 180, 154–162. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.puhe.2019.11.008
Pinheiro, F. M. G., Martinho, R. M. L., Moreira, R. do C., & Martinho, L. A. B. (2020). Iniqüidades regionais e sociais na mortalidade por Covid-19 no brasil. Revista Brasileira De Gestão E Desenvolvimento Regional, 16(4). https://doi.org/10.54399/rbgdr.v16i4.5978
Renzaho A. M. N. (2020). The Need for the Right Socio-Economic and Cultural Fit in the COVID-19 Response in Sub-Saharan Africa: Examining Demographic, Economic Political, Health, and Socio-Cultural Differentials in COVID-19 Morbidity and Mortality. International journal of environmental research and public health, 17(10), 3445. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17103445
Rocha, J. Q. S., Dutra, R. P., Vieira, Y. P., Duro, S. M. S., & de Oliveira Saes, M. (2023). Inequalities in the receipt of healthcare practitioner counseling for adults after COVID-19 in southern Brazil. BMC public health, 23(1), 1101. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-023-15914-2
de Souza, C. D. F., Machado, M. F., & do Carmo, R. F. (2020). Human development, social vulnerability and COVID-19 in Brazil: a study of the social determinants of health. Infectious diseases of poverty, 9(1), 124. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40249-020-00743-x
Santos, J. P. C. D., Siqueira, A. S. P., Praça, H. L. F., & Albuquerque, H. G. (2020). Vulnerability to severe forms of COVID-19: an intra-municipal analysis in the city of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Vulnerabilidade a formas graves de COVID-19: uma análise intramunicipal na cidade do Rio de Janeiro, Brasil. Cadernos de saude publica, 36(5), e00075720. https://doi.org/10.1590/0102-311x00075720
de Souza, C. D. F., do Carmo, R. F., & Machado, M. F. (2020). The burden of COVID-19 in Brazil is greater in areas with high social deprivation. Journal of travel medicine, 27(7), taaa145. https://doi.org/10.1093/jtm/taaa145
Saes, M. O., Saes-Silva, E., Duro, S. M. S., & Neves, R. G. (2023). Inequalities in the management of back pain care in Brazil - National Health Survey, 2019. Ciencia & saude coletiva, 28(2), 437–446. https://doi.org/10.1590/1413-81232023282.11792022
Snyder, H. (2019). Literature review as a research methodology: An overview and guidelines. Journal of business research, 104, 333-339
Vieira, Y. P., Rocha, J. Q. S., Dutra, R. P., Nunes, L. D. S., Duro, S. M. S., & Saes, M. O. (2023). Socioeconomic inequities in specialized health services use following COVID-19 in individuals from Southern Brazil. BMC health services research, 23(1), 542. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12913-023-09476-7
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2024 Matheus Claudino de Jesus Carvalho; Karina Paez Ramires; Carolina Secoli Coelho; Jakeline Vogelsanger; Wallace Irwin Flores Souza; Matheus Jose de Freitas Paciencia ; Lucas Hacomar dos Santos; Luís Augusto Gadoni de Souza ; Sabine Triguero Teixeira ; Vinicius Lino de Souza Neto
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
1) Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
2) Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
3) Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work.
