Historical evolution of the study of anatomy: A literature review
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v13i4.45605Keywords:
Anatomy; Anatomy artistic; Science; History.Abstract
Anatomical practices are very old knowledge, which over the centuries have adapted to technological advances. As a result, it is important to make a connection between historical periods and methodological advances in this science. This is an integrative review with a qualitative approach, which used the “PICo” strategy to formulate the guiding question. From this, the descriptors for the research were selected, which was carried out in the MEDLINE, LILACS and Embase databases. This article aims to analyze developments in the study of anatomy over time, portraying the major changes in anatomical practice, through correlation with historical periods and their respective contributions. In this context, after researching the literature, 40 articles were selected for the construction of this study, which describe the history of anatomy, with an emphasis on the technological evolution of this science, as well as its teaching methods throughout history. Given the importance of traditional techniques, such as dissection, for the advancement of anatomy and the evolution of new models for its study, the need for integration of techniques to optimize learning is evident.
References
Allardyce, J., Goggin, M. & McDermott, K. (2017). Anatomage: a worthwhile resource for self-directed learning in the medical school setting? Journal of Anatomy, 231(3), 445-468.
Álvarez, O. J. & Rodríguez, O. F. C. (2006). Historia de la cátedra de anatomia em la facultad de medicina de la Universidad Mayor de San Andrés. Revista Cuadernos, 51(2), 113-117.
Boeckers, A., Fassnacht, U. & Boeckers, T. M. (2008). “Theatrum anatomicum” - A revived teaching facility in gross anatomy. Annals of Anatomy, 190(6), 495-501.
Cárdenas, V. J. L. (2017). Historia de la Anatomía en Chile. Los Inicios. International Journal of Morphology, 35(3), 958-969.
Crivellato, E. & Ribatti, D. (2006). Mondino de’ Liuzzi and his Anothomia: A milestone in the development of modern anatomy. Clinical Anatomy, 19(7), 581-587.
Egea, A. M. (2016). El Anatomista Español que se Atrevió a Rectificar a Vesalio: Juan Valverde de Amusco. International Journal of Morphology, 34(3), 1009-1016.
Fruhstorfer, B. H., Palmer, J., Brydges, S. & Abrahams, P. H. (2011). The use of plastinated prosections for teaching anatomy-The view of medical students on the value of this learning resource. Clinical Anatomy, 24(2), 246–252.
Garment, A., Lederer, S., Rogers, N. & Boult, L. (2007). Let the Dead Teach the Living: The Rise of Body Bequeathal in 20th-Century America. Academic Medicine: journal of the Association of American Medical Colleges, 82(10), 1000-1005.
Hendriks, I. F., Zhuravlev, D. A., Bovill, J. G., Boer, F., Gaivoronskii, I. V., Hogendoorn, P. C. W. & Deruiter, M. C. (2020). Nikolay Ivanovich Pirogov (1810–1881): Anatomical research to develop surgery. Clinical Anatomy, 33(5), 714–730.
Hernández, D. P. D. (2011). Una visión sucinta de la enseñanza de la medicina a lo largo de la historia: I. Desde el Antiguo Imperio Egipcio hasta el siglo XVII. Iatreia, 24(1), 90-96.
Humphries, E. (2014). Murder, mortsafes and Moir: A medical student looks at anatomy teaching in Aberdeen. Journal of the Royal College of Physicians of Edinburgh, 44(1), 67–71.
Hurren, E. T. (2004). A Pauper Dead-House: The Expansion of the Cambridge Anatomical Teaching School under the late-Victorian Poor Law, 1870-1914. Medical History, 48(1), 69-94.
Kennel, L., Martin, D. M. A., Shaw, H. & Wilkinson, T. (2018). Learning anatomy through Thiel- vs. formalin-embalmed cadavers: Student perceptions of embalming methods and effect on functional anatomy knowledge. Anatomical Sciences Education, 11(2), 166–174.
Klein, S. O., Preuss, D. & Roelcke, V. (2012). The use of executed Nazi victims in anatomy: Findings from the Institute of Anatomy at Gießen University, pre- and post-1945. Annals of Anatomy, 194(3), 293–297.
Kochhar, S., Tasnim, T. & Gupta, A. (2022). Is cadaveric dissection essential in medical education? A qualitative survey comparing pre-and post-COVID-19 anatomy courses. Journal of Osteopathic Medicine, 123(1), 19-26.
Koeller, S. U., Knauer, W. & Viebahn, C. (2012). Anatomical practice at Göttingen University since the Age of Enlightenment and the fate of victims from Wolfenbüttel prison under Nazi rule. Annals of Anatomy, 194(3), 304–313.
Koucheki, R., Lex, J. R., Morozova, A., Ferri, D., Hauer, T. M., Mirzaie, S., Ferguson, P. C. & Ballyk, B. (2023). Immersive Virtual Reality and Cadaveric Bone are Equally Effective in Skeletal Anatomy Education: A Randomized Crossover Noninferiority Trial. Journal of Surgical Education, 80(7), 1028-1038.
Leung, K. K., Lu, K. S., Huang, T. S. & Hsieh B. S. (2006). Anatomy instruction in medical schools: Connecting the past and the future. Advances in health sciences education: theory and practice, 11(2), 209-215.
Losardo, D. R. J., Gutiérrez, O. B., Gutiérrez, R. C. & Guardiola, S. A. (2016). La anatomía y las prácticas adivinatorias en las antiguas civilizaciones. Revista de la Asociación Médica Argentina, 129(2), 13-22.
Malomo, A. O., Idowu, O. E. & Osuagwu, F. C. (2006). Lessons from History: Human Anatomy, from the Origin to the Renaissance. International Journal of Morphology, 24(1), 99-104.
Markatos, K., Chytas, D., Tsakotos, G., Karamanou, M., Piagkou, M., Mazarakis, A. & Johnson, E. (2020). Andreas Vesalius of Brussels (1514–1564): his contribution to the field of functional neuroanatomy and the criticism to his predecessors. Acta Chirurgica Belgica, 120(6), 437-441.
Marom, A. (2020). The birth, death, and renaissance of dissection: a critique of anatomy teaching with or without the human body. Academic Medicine: Journal of the Association of American Colleges, 95(7), 999-1005.
McLachlan, J. C., Bligh, J., Bradley, P. & Searle, J. (2004). Teaching anatomy without cadavers. Medical Education, 38, 418-424.
McMenamin, P. G., Quayle, M. R., McHenry, C. R. & Adams, J. W. (2014). The Production of Anatomical Teaching Resources Using Three-Dimensional (3D) Printing Technology. Anatomical Sciences Education, 7(6), 479-486.
Mogali, S. R., Yeong, W. Y., Tan, H. K. J., Tan, G. J. S., Abrahams, P. H., Zary, N., Beer, N. L. & Ferenczi, M. A. (2017). Evaluation by medical students of the educational value of multi-material and multi-colored three-dimensional printed models of the upper limb for anatomical education. Anatomical Sciences Education, 11(1), 54–64.
Moreno-Egea, A. (2016). El Anatomista Español que se Atrevió a Rectificar a Vesalio: Juan Valverde de Amusco. International Journal of Morphology, 34(3), 1009-1016.
Omaña, R. E. E., López, S. G. & Rodríguez, M. L. A. G. (2005). Dissection as a teaching tool: Past, present, and future. The Anatomical Record, 285(1), 11-15.
Ponce, R. N. (2013). They increase in beauty and elegance": Transforming cadavers and the epistemology of dissection in early nineteenth-century American medical education. Journal of the History of Medicine and Allied Sciences, 68(3), 331–376.
Puig, W. R. & Ramos, E. P. (2007). Evolución histórica de la enseñanza de la Anatomía en Cuba. Educación Médica Superior, 21(3).
Reverón, R. R. (2008). Erasistratus de Ceos (310-250 A.C.). Pionero de los Estudios Anatómicos. International Journal of Morphology, 26(4), 823-824.
Rodrigues, I. T. & Fiolhais, C. (2013). O ensino da medicina na Universidade de Coimbra no século XVI. História, Ciências, Saúde-Manguinhos, 20(2), 435-456.
Shin, M., Prasad, A., Sabo, G., Macnow, A. S. R., Sheth, N. P., Cross, M. B. & Premjumar, A. (2022). Anatomy education in US Medical Schools: before, during, and beyond COVID-19. BMC Medical Education, 22(103).
Silva, J., Araya, C., Cárdenas, J., Salcedo, A., Mansilla, B., Hernández, A., Rodríguez, P., Salazar, M., Caracuel, R. & Espinoza, M. (2019). Bibliografía Anatómica Utilizada en la Formación de Médicos en Chile entre 1758 y 1840. International Journal of Morphology, 37(3), 938-946.
Silva, J., Araya, C., Cárdenas, J., Mansilla, B., Latín, A. & Salazar, M. (2020). First Anatomical Atlas Used in the Training of Physicians in Chile. International Journal of Morphology, 38(5), 1302-1310.
Silva, J., Araya, C., Cárdenas, J., Mansilla, B., Salazar, M. & Latín, A. (2021). Primeras Disecciones Anatómicas con Fines Docentes en Chile. International Journal of Morphology, 39(1), 143-150.
Souza, L. E., Borges, I. S., Pimenta, R. D., Cunha, T. R. A., Farias, J. P., Naves, S. M. F., Amorim, K. A. & Guimarães, A. G. (2022). The anatomical model collection at the Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto’s Museum of Pharmacy. História, Ciências, Saúde-Manguinhos, 29(4), 1045–1061.
Stern, C., Jordan, Z. & McArthur, L. (2014). Developing the review question and inclusion criteria. American Journal of Nursing. 144(4), 53-6
Talamoni, A. C. B. & Bertolli, F. C. (2014). A anatomia e o ensino de anatomia no Brasil: A escola boveriana. História, Ciências, Saúde-Manguinhos, 21(4), 1301–1322.
Vaccarezza, M. & Papa, V. (2014). 3D printing: a valuable resource in human anatomy education. Anatomical Science, 90(1), 64-65.
Valenzuela, J. L. C. (2015). La Estatua Anatomica Del Dr. Auzoux, Primer Modelo Anatomico de uso docente em Chile. International Journal of Morphology. 33(1), 393-399.
Valenzuela, J. L. C. (2020). Historia de la Anatomía en Chile Parte II. El Alma Mater. International Journal of Morphology, 38(4), 1074-1089.
Wong, W. C. & Tay, S. S. W. (2005). The Teaching of Anatomy: The First Hundred Years (1905-2005). Annals of the Academy of Medicine, Singapore, 34(6), 72-76.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2024 Marcus Aurelio Farias Sobral; Pedro Luiz Florentino Rossin; Antonio Ian Parente Camelo; José Celso Pontes Farias Junior; Horacio Tamada
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
1) Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
2) Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
3) Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work.
