Updates on non-pharmacological treatment for chronic pain management: A literature review
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v13i6.45977Keywords:
Chronic pain; Musculoskeletal pain; Mindfulness; Cognitive behavioral therapy.Abstract
Introduction: Chronic pain is characterized by the persistence of nociceptive stimulation, which loses its physiological purpose and remains after healing or in the absence of disease. Some factors are associated with its occurrence, such as age, so that, in the coming years, an increase in the prevalence of chronic pain is expected. Thus, in view of the potential harm caused by the use of medications, it is extremely necessary to search for non-pharmacological alternatives for the treatment of such pain and, in this sense, this work aims to analyze such alternatives, as well as their effects and the effectiveness of each one of them. Methodology: This is an integrative review about non-pharmacological treatment in the management of chronic pain. Data from the Virtual Health Library (BVS), Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO) and National Library of Medicine (PubMed) databases were used, from the intersection of the descriptors “chronic pain”, “musculoskeletal pain”, “Mindfulness” and “cognitive-behavioral therapy”, to answer the question formulated through the PICO strategy. Results and Discussion: The prevalence, costs, absenteeism and reduced productivity are consequences of chronic pain that made it a public health problem. For the most part, the use of drugs is the treatment of choice, resulting in an epidemic of opioid dependence. However, the positive results for alternative treatments, such as mindfulness therapy, cognitive-behavioral therapy, physical activity, laser therapy and acupuncture, demonstrate the possibility of complementing or replacing pharmacological treatment. Conclusion: The chronicity of pain generates consequences and negative feelings. Therefore, more studies are needed on non-pharmacological treatments so that patients have effective and safe alternatives to treat and live with pain.
References
Brandel, M. G., Lin, C., Hennel, D., Khazen, O., Pilitsis, J. G. & Ben-Haim, S. (2022). Mindfulness Meditation in the Treatment of Chronic Pain. Neurosurgery Clinics of North America, 33(3), 275–279. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nec.2022.02.005
Chen, F. R., Manzi, J. E., Mehta, N., Gulati, A. & Jones, M. (2022) A Review of Laser Therapy and Low-Intensity Ultrasound for Chronic Pain States. Current Pain and Headache Reports. 26(1), 57–63. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11916-022-01003-3
Chuck Rich, R. L., Agnello, R. N. & Franklin, G. (2022). Chronic Pain Across the Ages. Primary Care: Clinics in Office Practice, 49(3), 439–453. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pop.2022.01.007
De Oliveira, M. F., Johnson, D. S., Demchak, T., Tomazoni, S. S. & Leal-junior, E. C. (2022) Low-intensity LASER and LED (photobiomodulation therapy) for pain control of the most common musculoskeletal conditions. European Journal of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine. 58(2), 282-289. https://doi.org/10.23736/S1973-9087.21.07236-1
De Souza, T. M., Da Silva, D. M. & De Carvalho, R. (2010). Revisão integrativa: o que é e como fazer. Einstein, 8(1). https://doi.org/10.1590/S1679-45082010RW1134
Domenichiello, A. F. & Ramsden, C. E. (2019). The silent epidemic of chronic pain in older adults. Progress in neuro-psychopharmacology & biological psychiatry, 93, 284–290. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pnpbp.2019.04.006
Flynn, D. M. (2020) Chronic Musculoskeletal Pain: Nonpharmacologic, Noninvasive Treatments. American Family Physician [Internet]. 102(8), 465–77. Available from: https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2020/1015/p465.html
Hadley, G. & Novitch, M. B. (2021) CBT and CFT for Chronic Pain. Current Pain and Headache Reports. 25(5), 35. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11916-021-00948-1
Ikemoto, T., Miki, K., Matsubara, T. & Wakao, N. (2019) Psychological Treatment Strategy for Chronic Low Back Pain. Spine Surgery and Related Research [Internet]. 3(3), 199–206. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6698517/
Junior, P. M. C. B. & Besset, V. L. (2015) Dor crônica: um problema de saúde pública, uma questão para a psicanálise. POLÊM!CA [Internet]. 15(3), 025–41. https://www.e-publicacoes.uerj.br/index.php/polemica/article/view/19359/14117
Khan, M., Akhter, S., Rabail, R. S. & Syed, S. A. (2024) The effectiveness of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) with general exercises versus general exercises alone in the management of chronic low back pain. Pakistan Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences [Internet]. 27(4 SI):1113–7. https://go.gale.com/ps/i.do?id=GALE%7CA555230843&sid=googleScholar&v=2.1&it=r&linkaccess=abs&issn=1011601X&p=AONE&sw=w&userGroupName=anon%7Ea0c0d73d&aty=open+web+entry
Langen, W. & Smith, S. A systematic review of mindfulness practices for improving outcomes in chronic low back pain. International Journal of Yoga. 2020;13(3):177. https://doi.org/10.4103/ijoy.IJOY_4_20
Lewis Ramos, V. & Eti, S. (2019). Assessment and Management of Chronic Pain in the Seriously Ill. Primary Care: Clinics in Office Practice, 46(3), 319–333. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pop.2019.05.001
Mercadante, S., Arcuri, E. & Santoni, A. (2019). Opioid-Induced tolerance and hyperalgesia. CNS Drugs, 33(10). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40263-019-00660-0
Moura, C. de C., Chaves, E. C. L., Cardoso, A. C. L. R., Nogueira, D. A., Azevedo, C. & Chianca, T. C. M. (2019) Auricular acupuncture for chronic back pain in adults: a systematic review and metanalysis. Revista da Escola de Enfermagem da USP [Internet]. 53, e03461. https://www.scielo.br/j/reeusp/a/YQtmJzLtHN3bLXLzHDsWcXp/?lang=en#
Moura, C. de C., Chaves, E. C. L., Chianca, T. C. M., Ruginsk, S. G., Nogueira, D. A. & Lunes, D. H. Effects of auricular acupuncture on chronic pain in people with back musculoskeletal disorders: a randomized clinical trial. Revista da Escola de Enfermagem da USP. 2019;53. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1980-220X2018009003418
Seidel, M. F., Hügle, T., Morlion, B., Koltzenburg, M., Chapman, V., MaassenVanDenBrink, A., Lane, N. E., Perrot, S. & Zieglgänsberger, W. (2022). Neurogenic inflammation as a novel treatment target for chronic pain syndromes. Experimental Neurology, 356, 114108. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.expneurol.2022.114108
Skelly, A. C., Chou, R., Dettori, J. R., Turner, J. A., Friedly, J. L., Rundell, S. D., et al. Noninvasive Nonpharmacological Treatment for Chronic Pain: A Systematic Review Update [Internet]. PubMed. Rockville (MD): Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (US); 2020. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK556229/
Sola, R. G. & Pulido, P. (2022). Neurosurgical Treatment of Pain. Brain Sciences, 12(11), 1584. https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci12111584
Soundararajan, K., Prem, V., Kishen, T. J. (2022) The effectiveness of mindfulness-based stress reduction intervention on physical function in individuals with chronic low back pain: Systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Complementary Therapies in Clinical Practice. 49, 101623. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ctcp.2022.101623
Tavares M. S., Dias, M. S. & De Carvalho, R. Revisão integrativa: o que é e como fazer Integrative review: what is it? How to do it? Einstein [Internet]. 2010;8(1):102–8. Available from: https://www.scielo.br/j/eins/a/ZQTBkVJZqcWrTT34cXLjtBx/?format=pdf&lang=pt
Thomas, K. J., MacPherson, H., Thorpe, L., Brazier, J., Fitter, M., Campbell, M. J., et al. (2006) Randomised controlled trial of a short course of traditional acupuncture compared with usual care for persistent non-specific low back pain. BMJ. 333(7569), 623. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.38878.907361.7C
Urits, I., Schwartz, R. H., Orhurhu, V., Maganty, N. V., Reilly, B. T., Patel, P. M., et al. (2020) A Comprehensive Review of Alternative Therapies for the Management of Chronic Pain Patients: Acupuncture, Tai Chi, Osteopathic Manipulative Medicine, and Chiropractic Care. Advances in Therapy. 38(1), 76–89. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12325-020-01554-0
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2024 Maria Fernanda Caselato Martins de Andrade; Paulo José Oliveira Cortez
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
1) Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
2) Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
3) Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work.
