Clinical characterization and epidemiology of 1560 cases of COVID-19 in Macapá/AP, extreme north of Brazil
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v9i8.5499Keywords:
COVID-19; Coronavirus; Macapá.Abstract
The new coronavirus, called SARS-CoV-2, is a single-stranded RNA virus. The main mechanism of entry of the virus in the cells of the hosts is through the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE-2) that acts as a receptor in the epithelial cells of the upper respiratory tract. The aim of this research was to describe the epidemiological profile of those affected by COVID-19 in the city of Macapá, Brazil, in addition to calculating the lethality rates by age group, sex and previous morbidity. A quantitative analysis was carried out based on confirmed cases of COVID-19 in the municipality of Macapá, with secondary data extracted from the database and aggregated information from the Municipal Health Department. The analysis of the epidemiological profile of those affected, the evolution and severity of COVID-19 is important to determine and adapt mitigation strategies and to allow the planning of actions and health care to combat SARS-CoV-2 in Macapá.
References
APP-MG. (2020). Perfil Demográfico COVID-19 – Estado de Minas Gerais. Disponível em https://app.powerbi.com/view?r=eyJrIjoiMDgwOGI4YjItNGFjNC00ZThkLWIyNzctMmNjZTQxMmU1ZjRhIiwidCI6Ijg3ZTRkYTJiLTgyZGYtNDhmNi05MTU3LTY5YzNjYTYwMGRmMiIsImMiOjR9
Balbo, N., Kashnitsky, I., Melegaro, A., Mesié, F., Milis, M., &Valk, H. (2020). DemographyandtheCoronavirusPandemic. Disponível em https://population-europe.eu/policy-brief/demography-and-coronavirus-pandemic
Bi, Q., Wu, Y., Mei, S., Ye, C., Zou, X., & Zhang, Z. (2020). Epidemiology and Transmission of COVID-19 in Shenzhen China: Analysis of 391 cases and 1,286 of their close contacts. MedRixv. doi:https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.03.03.20028423
Brasil. (2018). Pesquisa Nacional por Amostra de Domicílios Contínua – PNAD Contínua. Brasília DF: IBGE.
Brasil. (2020a). Boletim Epidemiológico Especial-16. MS, COE-COVID19. Brasília DF: Ministério da Saúde.
Brasil. (2020b). Boletim Epidemiológico Especial-15. MS, COE-COVID19. Brasília DF: Ministério da Saúde.
Channappanava , R., Fett, C., Mack, M., Patrick, P., Eyck, T., Meyerholz, D., & Perlman, S. (2017). Sex-based differences in susceptibility to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus infection. J Immunol, 198(10), 4046-4053.
Coronavírus-ES. (2020). Painel COVID-19 - Estado do Espírito Santo. Disponível em https://coronavirus.es.gov.br/painel-covid-19-es
Cunha, A., Corona, R., Silva, D., Fecury, A., Dias, C., & Araújo, M. (2019). Tendência na incidência de acidentes de trajeto em trabalhadores no Brasil entre 2009 e 2016. RevBrasMedTrab, 17(2), 490-498. doi:https://doi.org/10.5327/Z1679443520190439
DataGlass. (2020). COVID-19 Brasil. Disponível em https://covid19.dataglass.co/modulos/854009
Dias, N. L., Silva, E. V. d., Pires, M. A., Chaves, D., Sanada, K. L., Fecury, A. A., . . . Leal, S. D. (2020). Predição da propagação do SARS-CoV-2 no estado do Amapá, Amazônia, Brasil, por modelagem matemática. Revista Científica Multidisciplinar Núcleo do Conhecimento, 6, 73-95. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.32749/10.32749/nucleodoconhecimento. com.br/saude/predicao-da-propagacao
Esteve, A., Permanyer, I., Boertien, D., &Vaupe, l. J. (2020). National age and co-residence patterns shape covid-19 vulnerability. MedRxiv. doi:https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.05.13. 20100289
Feng, Z., Li, Q., Zhang, Y., Wu, Z., Dong, X., & Ma, H. (2020). The Epidemiological Characteristics of an Outbreak of 2019 Novel Coronavirus Diseases (COVID-19) — China. CDC Weekly, 2(8), 113-122. doi:https://doi.org/10.46234/ccdcw2020.032
Gao, Q., Hu, Y., Dai, Z., Xiao, F., Wang, J., & Wu, J. (2020). The epidemiological characteristics of 2019 novel coronavirus diseases (COVID-19) in Jingmen,Hubei,China. MedRxiv. doi:https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.03.07.20031393
GlobalHealth5050. (2018). Disponível em https://globalhealth5050.org/covid19/sex-disaggregated-data-tracker
Grasselli, G., Zangrillo, A., Zanella, A., Antonelli, M., Cabrini, L., &Castelli, A. (2020). Baseline Characteristics and Outcomes of 1591 Patients Infected With SARS-CoV-2 Admitted to ICUs of the Lombardy Region, Italy. JAMA, 323(16), 1574‐1581. doi:https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2020.5394
Guan, W., Liang, W., Zhao, Y., Liang, H., Chen, Z., & Li, Y. (2020). Comorbidity and its impact on 1590 patients with COVID-19 in China: a nationwide analysis. EurRespir J, 55. doi:https://doi.org/10.1183/13993003.00547-2020
Hu, Z., Ci, S., Xu, C., Jin, G., Chen, Y., &Xu, X. (2020). Clinical characteristics of 24 asymptomatic infections with COVID-19 screened among close contacts in Nanjing, China. China Life Sci, 63(706–711). doi:https://doi.org/10.1007/s11427-020-1661-4
ISDS. (2020). Characteristics of SARS-CoV-2 patients dying in Italy: Report based on available data on May 21st, 2020.L'epidemiologia per la sanitàpubblica. Disponível em https://www.epicentro.iss.it/en/coronavirus/bollettino/Report-COVID-2019_21_may_2020.pdf
Khailany, R., Safdar, M., &Ozaslan, M. (2020). Genomic characterization of a novel SARS-CoV-2. Gene Reports, 19, 1-6. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.genrep.2020.100682
Lancet. (2020). COVID-19 in Brazil: “So what?”.The Lancet, 1461.
Letko, M., Marzi, A., &Munster, V. (2020). Functional assessment of cell entry and receptor usage for SARS-CoV-2 and other lineage B betacoronaviruses. Nature, 5, 562-569. doi:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41564-020-0688-y
Lotter, H., &Altfeld, M. (2019). Sex differences in immunity. Seminars in Immunopathology, 41, 133-135. doi:https://doi.org/10.1007/s00281-018-00728-x
Márquez, E., Trowbridge, J., Kuchel, G., Banchereau, J., &Ucar, D. (2020). The lethal sex gap: COVID-19. Immun Ageing, 17(13). doi:https://doi.org/10.1186/s12979-020-00183-z
Moskowitz, D., Zhang, D., Hu, B., Saux, S., Yanes, R., Ye, Z., . . .PJ, G. (2020). Epigenomics of human CD8 T cell differentiation and aging. Science Immunology. Science Immunology, 2(8). doi: https://doi.org/10.1126/sciimmunol.aag0192
Nassiri, R. (2020). Perspective on Wuhan viral pneumonia. Disponível em https://kosmospublishers.com/perspective-on-wuhan-viral-pneumonia/
Nikolich-Žugich, J. (2018). The twilight of immunity: emerging concepts in aging of the immune system. Nat Immunol, 19, 10–19. doi:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41590-017-0006-x
Oliveira, M., Daher, D., Silva, J., &Adrade, S. (2015). Men's health in question: seeking assistance in primary health care. Ciênc. saúde coletiva, 20(1), 273-278. doi:https://doi.org/10.1590/1413-81232014201.21732013
Painel-AP. (2020). Painel Coronavírus. Disponível em http://painel.corona.ap.gov.br/
Qin, C., Zhou, L., Hu, Z., Zhang, S., Yang, S., Tao, Y., Tian, D. (2020). Dysregulation of Immune Response in Patients With Coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) in Wuhan, China. Clin infect dis. doi:https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaa248
Qiu, Y., Chen, X., & Shi, W. (2020). Impacts of social and economic factors on the transmission of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) in China. MedRxiv. doi:https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.03.13.20035238
Richardson, S., Hirsch, J., Narasimhan, M., Crawford, J., McGinn, T., & Davidson, K. (2020). Presenting Characteristics, Comorbidities, and Outcomes Among 5700 Patients Hospitalized With COVID-19 in the New York City Area. JAMA. doi:https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2020.6775
Salathé, M., Althaus, C., Neher, R., Stringhini, S., Hodcroft, E., &Fellay, J. (2020). COVID-19 epidemic in Switzerland: on the importance of testing, contact tracing and isolation. Swiss Med Wkly, 150. doi:https://doi.org/10.4414/smw.2020.20225
Schurz, H., Salie, M., Tromp, G., Hoal, E., Kinnear, C., & Moller, M. (2019). The X chromosome and sex-specific effects in infectious disease susceptibility. Hum Genomics, 13(2). doi:https://doi.org/10.1186/s40246-018-0185-z
Silva, A. W. C., Cunha, A. A., Alves, G. C., Corona, R. A., Dias, C. A. G. d. M., Nassiri, R., . . . Fecury, A. A. (2020). Perfil epidemiológico e determinante social do Covid-19 em Macapá, Amapá, Amazônia, Brasil. Revista Científica Multidisciplinar Núcleo do Conhecimento, 05-27. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.32749/nucleodoconhecimento.com.br/ saude/covid-19-em-macapa
Torman, V., Coster, R., &Riboldi, J. (2012). Normalidade de variáveis: métodos de verificação e comparação de alguns testes não-paramétricos por simulação. Revista HCPA, 32(2), 227-234.
Vázquez, J., &Redolar-Ripoll, D. (2020). COVID-19 outbreak impact in Spain: A role for tobacco smoking? Tobacco Induced Diseases, 18(30). doi:https://doi.org/10.18332/tid/120005
Velavan, T., & Meyer, C. (2020). The COVID‐19 epidemic. Tropical Medicine & International Health, 25(3), 278-280. doi:https://doi.org/10.1111/tmi.13383
Verity, R., Okel, l. L., Dorigatti, I., Winskill, P., Whittaker, C., & Imai, N. (2020). Estimates of the severity of coronavirus disease 2019: a model-based analysis. The Lancet. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/S1473-3099(20)30243-7
Viacava, F., Oliveira, R., Carvalho, C., Laguardia, J., &Bellido, J. (2018). SUS: oferta, acesso e utilização de serviços de saúde nos últimos 30 anos. Ciênc. saúde coletiva, 23(6), 1751-1762. doi:https://doi.org/10.1590/1413-81232018236.06022018
Wang, C., Horby, P., Hayden, F., & Gao, G. (2020). A novel coronavirus outbreak of global health concer. The Lancet, 395, 470-473. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30185-9
Wenjing, G., & Liming, L. (2020). Research progress on the transmission of new coronavirus pneumonia during incubation or recessive infection. Chinese Journal of Epidemiology, 41. doi:https://doi.org/10.3760/cma.j.cn112338-20200228-00207
Werneck, G., & Carvalho, M. (2020). A pandemia de COVID-19 no Brasil: crônica de uma crise sanitária anunciada. Cad Saúde Pública, 36(5). doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0102-311X00068820
WHO. (2020a). Report of the WHO: China joint mission on coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Genebra SW: World Health Organization.
WHO. (2020b). Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): Situacional Report – 110. Genebra SW: World Health Organization.
Yang, J., Zheng, Y., Gou, X., Pu, K., Chen, Z., &Guo, Q. (2020). Prevalence of comorbidities and its effects in patients infected with SARS-CoV-2: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Infect Dis, 94, 91‐95. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijid.2020.03.017
Zhu, L., She, Z., Cheng, X., Qin, J., Zhang, X., &Cai, J. (2020). Association of Blood Glucose Control and Outcomes in Patients with COVID-19 and Pre-existing Type 2 Diabetes. CellMetabolism, 31, 1–10. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cmet.2020.04.021
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
1) Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
2) Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
3) Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work.