Zinc supplementation estrategies for adults

Authors

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v9i8.6115

Keywords:

Zinc; Supplements; Diseases.

Abstract

Zinc is a multifunctional element, essential for all physiological processes, acting as a catalyst, structural and regulatory element. Mineral deficiency is associated with severe pathological conditions that mostly arise due to dietary deficiency, the presence of chelating compounds in food, disturbances in the gastrointestinal absorption process or elevated urinary levels. Zinc has long been used as a therapeutic agent in the adjunctive treatment of various diseases. Zinc supplementation demonstrated beneficial effects, in situations of diets poor in animal products or rich in phytates and even in hypozincemic individuals. The aim of the study was to conduct a systematic review of zinc supplementation strategies in adults over the past ten years. The data were obtained through a systematic review of the literature that was developed by searching for articles in the Pub Med, Science Direct and Scielo databases by two researchers independently. 25 articles were included in the review. The most used form of supplementation was zinc sulfate (60% of the studies) and zinc gluconate in 24% of the surveys. The daily dosage varied between 12 mg and 150 mg of elemental zinc, with duration varying from four days to eighteen months. Zinc is essential for human health and its use as a supplement has been frequent for healthy individuals and in auxiliary therapy and prevention of many diseases, with zinc sulfate and gluconate as the main forms of supplement.

Author Biographies

Regina Márcia Soares Cavalcante, Universidade Federal do Piauí

Graduada em Nutrição/UFPI; Especialista em Saúde Pública/UFPI/; mestre em Ciências e Saúde/PPCS/UFPI; Doutoranda PPGAN/UFPI;Professora do Curso de Nutrição da UFPI-CSHNB

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Mayara Storel Beserra de Moura, Universidade Federal do Piauí

Doutoranda do Programa de Pós-Graduação em Alimentos e Nutrição -PPGAN-UFPI

Gilmara Péres Rodrigues, Universidade Federal do Piauí

Nutricionista.Mestre em Ciencias e Saúde.Doutora/RENORBIO. Professora do Departamento de Nutrição-UFPI-CMPP

Nadir do Nascimento Nogueira, Universidade Federal do Piauí

Nutricionista.mestre e Doutora em Ciência dos Alimentos-USP. Professora do Departamento de Nutrição-UFPI-CMPP.

References

Ahmad, S.M., Hossain, M.B., Monirujjaman, M., Islam, S., Huda, N., Kabir, Y., Raqib, R., Bo, L. (2016). Maternal zinc supplementation improves hepatitis B antibody responses in infants but decreases plasma zinc level. Eur J Nutr, 55, 1823–1829.

Asghari, S., Hosseinzadeh-Attar, M.J., Alipoor , E., Ehat, M., Mohajeri-Tehrani & M.R. (2019). Effects of zinc supplementation on serum adiponectin concentration and glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes. Journal of Trace Elements in Medicine and Biology, 55, 20–25.

Baradari, A.G., Alipour, A., Mahdavi, A., Sharifi, H., Nouraei, S.M., Emami & Zeydi, A.(2018). The Effect of Zinc Supplementation on Sleep Quality of ICU Nurses: A Double Blinded Randomized controlled Trial. Workplace Health Saf, 66(4):191-200.

Bonaventura ,P., Benedetti, G., Albarede, F. & Miossec, P. (2015). Zinc and its role in immunity and inflammation. Autoimmun. Ver,14, 277–285.

Braga, C., Santos, I.K.F.M. & Palmeira, P. (2015). Effect of Zinc Supplementation on Serological Response to Vaccination Against Streptococcus Pneumoniae in Patients Undergoing Chemotherapy for Colorectal Cancer. Nutrition and Cancer, 67(6):926-932.

Brown, K.H., Rivera, J.Á, Bhutta, Z., Gibson, R., King, J., Lonnerdal, B., Ruel, M., Sandtröm, B., Wasantwisut & E., Hotz ,C.(2004) International Zinc Nutrition Consultative Group (IZiNCG). Assessment of the risk of zinc deficiency in populations and options for its control. Food Nutr Bull, 25(1 Supp 2): S99–S203.

Cavalcante, R.M.S. & Nogueira, N.N. (2020). Zinco e Imunidade. Revista Nutrição em Pauta, 161: 5-10.

Chasapis, C.T., Loutsidou, A., Spiliopoulou, C.A. & Stefanidou, M.E .(2012). Zinc and human health: an update. Arch Toxicol,86(4):521-534.

Cruz, K.J.C., de Oliveira, A.R.S., Morais, J.B.S., Severo, J. S., Mendes, P., de Sousa Melo, S. R., de Sousa, G. S., & Marreiro, D.(2018). Zinc and insulin resistance: biochemical and molecular aspects. Biol Trace Elem Res,186(2):407–12.

Estrela, C.(2018). Metodologia Científica: Ciência, Ensino, Pesquisa. 3ª. ed. Porto Alegre: Artes Medicas, 725 p.

Fong, T., Vij, R., Vijayan, A., DiPersio, J. & Blinder, M. (2007). Copper deficiency: an important consideration in the differential diagnosis of myelodysplastic syndrome. Haematologica, 92:1429–30.

Foroozanfard, F., Jamilian, M., Jafari, Z., Khassaf, A., Hosseini, A., Khorammian, H., & Asemi, Z .(2015) Effects of zinc supplementation on markers of insulin resistance and lipid profiles in women with polycystic ovary syndrome: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes, 123(4):215-220.

Forte, G., Bocca, B., Peruzzu, A., Tolu, F., Asara, Y., Farace, C., Oggiano, R., & Madeddu, R.(2013). Blood metals concentration in type 1 and type 2 diabetics, Biol Trace Elem Res 156(1-3):79–90.

Gnatienko, N., Freiberg, M. S., Blokhina, E., Yaroslavtseva, T., Bridden, C., Cheng, D. M., Chaisson, C. E., Lioznov, D., Bendiks, S., Koerbel, G., Coleman, S. M., Krupitsky, E., & Samet, J. H. (2018). Design of a randomized controlled trial of zinc supplementation to improve markers of mortality and HIV disease progression in HIV-positive drinkers in St. Petersburg, Russia. HIV Clin Trials, 19(3):101-111.

Hambidge, K.M. & Krebs, N.F.(2007). Zinc deficiency: a special challenge.J Nutr,137:1101–1105.

Heidarzadeh, Z., Samimi, M., Seifati, S. M., Ashkezari, M. D., Ahmadi, S., Mahmoodi, S., Aghadavod, E., Jamilian, M., & Asemi, Z. (2016).The Effect of Zinc Supplementation on Expressed Levels of Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor Gamma and Glucose Transporter Type 1 Genes in Newborns of Women with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus. Biol Trace Elem Res, 175(2):271-277.

International Diabetes Federation. IDF.(2017). Diabetes atlas. 8th ed. Brussels, Belgium: International Diabetes Federation.

Institute of Medicine (IOM). (2006).Dietary Reference Intakes: The Essential Guide to Nutrient Requirements; Otten, J.J., Pitzi Hellwig, J., Meyers, L.D., Eds.; The National Academies Press: Washington, DC, USA. 402 a 413.

Islam, M. R., Attia, J., Ali, L., McEvoy, M., Selim, S., Sibbritt, D., Akhter, A., Akter, S., Peel, R., Faruque, O., Mona, T., Lona, H., & Milton, A. H. (2016). Zinc supplementation for improving glucose handling in pre-diabetes: A double blind randomized placebo controlled pilot study. Diabetes Res Clin Pract, 115:39-46.

Jadad, A. R., Moore, R. A., Carroll, D., Jenkinson, C., Reynolds, D. J., Gavaghan, D. J., & McQuay, H. J. (1996). Assessing the quality of reports of randomized clinical trials: is blinding necessary?. Controlled clinical trials, 17(1), 1–12.

Jamilian M, Foroozanfard F, Bahmani F, Bahmani, F.,Talaee, R.,Monavari, M &

Asemi, Z.(2015). Effects of Zinc Supplementation on Endocrine Outcomes in Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: a Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial. Biol Trace Elem Res,170(2):271-278.

Joray, M. L., Yu, T. W., Ho, E., Clarke, S. L., Stanga, Z., Gebreegziabher, T., Hambidge, K. M., & Stoecker, B. J. (2015). Zinc supplementation reduced DNA breaks in Ethiopian women. Nutrition research (New York, N.Y.), 35(1), 49–55.

Karamali, M., Heidarzadeh, Z., Seifati, S. M., Samimi, M., Tabassi, Z., Hajijafari, M., Asemi, Z., & Esmaillzadeh, A. (2015). Zinc supplementation and the effects on metabolic status in gestational diabetes: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Journal of diabetes and its complications, 29(8), 1314–1319.

Katayama, K., Saito, M., Kawaguchi, T., Endo, R., Sawara, K., Nishiguchi, S., Kato, A., Kohgo, H., Suzuki, K., Sakaida, I., Ueno, Y., Habu, D., Ito, T., Moriwaki, H., & Suzuki, K. (2014). Effect of zinc on liver cirrhosis with hyperammonemia: a preliminary randomized, placebo-controlled double-blind trial. Nutrition (Burbank, Los Angeles County, Calif.), 30(11-12), 1409–1414.

Kaur, K., Gupta, R., A.Saraf, R. & Shailendra K.S.(2014). Zinc: The Metal of Life. Comprehensive Reviews in Food Science and Food Safety, 13:358-376.

Khazdouz, M., Mazidi, M., Ehsaei, M. R., Ferns, G., Kengne, A. P., & Norouzy, A. R. (2018). Impact of Zinc Supplementation on the Clinical Outcomes of Patients with Severe Head Trauma: A Double-Blind Randomized Clinical Trial. Journal of dietary supplements, 15(1), 1–10.

King, J.C. & Cousins, R.J.(2014). Zinc. In: Shils ME, Shike M, Ross AC, Caballero B, Cousins RJ, editors. Modern nutrition in health and disease. 11th ed. Philadelphia: Lippincott, Williams, & Wilkins, 189–205.

Kloubert, V. & Rink, L. (2015). Zinc as a micronutrient and its preventive role of oxidative damage in cells. Food Funct, 6: 3195–3204.

Kobayashi, H., Abe, M., Okada, K., Tei, R., Maruyama, N., Kikuchi, F., Higuchi, T., & Soma, M. (2015). Oral zinc supplementation reduces the erythropoietin responsiveness index in patients on hemodialysis. Nutrients, 7(5), 3783–3795.

Lander, E.S., Linton, L.M., Birren, B., Nusbaum, C., Zody, M.C., Baldwin, J. Devon, K., Dewar, K., Doyle, M., FitzHugh, W., Funke, R., Gage, D., Harris, K., Heaford, A., Howland, J., Kann, L., Lehoczky, J., LeVine, R., McEwan, P., McKernan, K., Meldrim, J., Mesirov, J.P., Miranda, C., Morris, W., Naylor, J., Raymond,C., Rosetti, M., Santos, R., Sheridan, A., Sougnez, C., Stange-Thomann, N., Stojanovic, N., Subramanian, A. & Wyman, D.

.(2001). Initial sequencing and analysis of the human genome. Nature. 409: 860–921.

Lemaire, K., Chimienti, F. & Schuit, F.(2012). Zinc transporters and their role in the pancreatic cell. J. Diabetes Investig. 3:202–211.

Mahmoudi, H., Ghodsi, S. Z., Tavakolpour, S., & Daneshpazhooh, M. (2017). Cryotherapy plus oral zinc sulfate versus cryotherapy plus placebo to treat common warts: A double blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial. International journal of women's dermatology. 4(2):87-90.

Maret, W. & Li, Y.(2009). Coordination Dynamics of Zinc in Proteins. Chem Rev, 109: 4682–707.

Maret, W.(2013). Zinc biochemistry: from a single zinc enzyme to a key element of life. Adv Nutr, 4(1):82-91.

Miao, X., Sun, W., Fu, Y., Miao, L. & Cai, L.(2013). Zinc homeostasis in the metabolic syndrome and diabetes.Front. Med. China, 7: 31–52.

Moher, D., Liberati, A., Tetzlaff, J., Altman, D.G. & The PRISMA Group.(2009). PRISMA Group. Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses: the PRISMA statement. Ann Intern Med, 151:4.

Momen-Heravi, M., Barahimi, E., Razzaghi, R., Bahmani, F., Gilasi, H. R., & Asemi, Z. (2017). The effects of zinc supplementation on wound healing and metabolic status in patients with diabetic foot ulcer: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Wound repair and regeneration : official publication of the Wound Healing Society [and] the European Tissue Repair Society, 25(3), 512–520.

Muhamed, P.K. & Vadstrup, S.(2014) Zinc Is the Most Important Trace Element. Ugeskr Laeger. 176(5):V11120654.

Nazem, M. R., Asadi, M., Jabbari, N., & Allameh, A. (2019). Effects of zinc supplementation on superoxide dismutase activity and gene expression, and metabolic parameters in overweight type 2 diabetes patients: A randomized, double-blind, controlled trial. Clinical biochemistry, 69, 15–20.

Noh, H., Paik, H. Y., Kim, J., & Chung, J. (2014). The changes of zinc transporter ZnT gene expression in response to zinc supplementation in obese women. Biological trace element research, 162(1-3), 38–45.

Pérez, A., Rojas, P., Carrasco, F., Basfi-Fer, K., Pérez-Bravo, F., Codoceo, J., Inostroza, J., & Ruz, M. (2018). Zinc Supplementation Does Not Affect Glucagon Response to Intravenous Glucose and Insulin Infusion in Patients with Well-Controlled Type 2 Diabetes. Biological trace element research, 185(2), 255–261.

Prasad, A.S. (2009). Zinc: role in immunity, oxidative stress and chronic inflammation. Curr Opinion Clin Nutr Metab Care, 12:646–652

Prasad, A.S.(2014). Impact of the discovery of human zinc deficiency on health. J. Trace Elem. Med. Biol, 28,357–363.

Ranasinghe, P., Wathurapatha, W. S., Galappatthy, P., Katulanda, P., Jayawardena, R., & Constantine, G. R. (2018). Zinc supplementation in prediabetes: A randomized double-blind placebo-controlled clinical trial. Journal of diabetes, 10(5), 386–397.

Ribeiro, S. M., Braga, C. B., Peria, F. M., Domenici, F. A., Martinez, E. Z., Feres, O., da Rocha, J. J., & da Cunha, S. F. (2015). Effect of Zinc Supplementation on Antioxidant Defenses and Oxidative Stress Markers in Patients Undergoing Chemotherapy for Colorectal Cancer: a Placebo-Controlled, Prospective Randomized Trial. Biological trace element research, 169(1), 8–16.

Ribeiro, S., Braga, C., Peria, F. M., Martinez, E. Z., Rocha, J., & Cunha, S. (2017). Effects of zinc supplementation on fatigue and quality of life in patients with colorectal cancer. Einstein (Sao Paulo, Brazil), 15(1), 24–28.

Salari, S., Khomand, P., Arasteh, M., Yousefzamani, B., & Hassanzadeh, K. (2015). Zinc sulphate: A reasonable choice for depression management in patients with multiple sclerosis: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial. Pharmacological reports : PR, 67(3), 606–609.

Santos, H.O., Teixeira, F.J. & Schoenfeld, B.J. (2019). Dietary vs. pharmacological doses of zinc: a clinical review. Clinical Nutrition, 39(5):1345-1353.

Saper, R.B. & Rash, R. (2009) Zinc: an essential micronutrient. Am FamPhysician ,79:768–772

Sharafi, S., & Allami, A. (2016). Efficacy of zinc sulphate on in-hospital outcome of community-acquired pneumonia in people aged 50 years and over. The international journal of tuberculosis and lung disease : the official journal of the International Union against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease, 20(5), 685–688.

Sharif, R., Thomas, P., Zalewski, P., & Fenech, M. (2015). Zinc supplementation influences genomic stability biomarkers, antioxidant activity, and zinc transporter genes in an elderly Australian population with low zinc status. Molecular nutrition & food research, 59(6), 1200–1212.

Siepmann, M., Spank, S., Kluge, A., Schappach, A., & Kirch, W. (2005). The pharmacokinetics of zinc from zinc gluconate: a comparison with zinc oxide in healthy men. International journal of clinical pharmacology and therapeutics, 43(12), 562–565.

Skrajnowska, D. & Bobrowska-Korczak, B. (2019). Role of Zinc in Immune System and Anti-Cancer Defense Mechanisms. Nutrients, 11(10):2273.

Strange, R. W., Antonyuk, S., Hough, M. A., Doucette, P. A., Rodriguez, J. A., Hart, P. J., Hayward, L. J., Valentine, J. S., & Hasnain, S. S. (2003). The structure of holo and metal-deficient wild-type human Cu, Zn superoxide dismutase and its relevance to familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Journal of molecular biology, 328(4), 877–891.

Tubek, S.(2007). Role of zinc in regulation of arterial blood pressure and in the tiopathogenesis of arterial hypertension. Biol. Trace Elem, Res.117, 39–51.

Vagianos, K., Bector, S., McConnell, J., & Bernstein, C. N. (2007). Nutrition assessment of patients with inflammatory bowel disease. JPEN. Journal of parenteral and enteral nutrition, 31(4), 311–319.

Vinson, J.A., Tompkins, T.A. & Agbor, G.A.(2007). Comparative Bioavailability of Mineral-enriched Gluconates and Yeast in Rat Liver After Depletion–Repletion Feeding. Biol Trace Elem Res, 118, 104–110.

Wegmüller, R., Tay, F., Zeder, C., Brnic, M., & Hurrell, R. F. (2013). Zinc absorption by young adults from supplemental zinc citrate is comparable with that from zinc gluconate and higher than from zinc oxide. The Journal of nutrition, 144(2), 132–136.

Wessells, K.R., Singh, G.M. & Brown, K.H.(2012). Estimating the Global Prevalence of Inadequate Zinc Intake from National Food Balance Sheets: E_ects of Methodological Assumptions. PLoS ONE ,7, e50565

WHO, UNICEF, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, USAID. (2006). Implementing the new recommendations on the clinical management of diarrhoea: guidelines for policy makers and programme managers. Geneva (Switzerland): World Health Organization.

Wiernicka, A., Jańczyk, W., Dądalski, M., Avsar, Y., Schmidt, H., & Socha, P. (2013). Gastrointestinal side effects in children with Wilson's disease treated with zinc sulphate. World journal of gastroenterology, 19(27), 4356–4362.

Zamarron, B.F. & Chen, W. (2011). Dual Roles of Immune Cells and Their Factors in Cancer Development and Progression. Int. J. Biol. Sci.7, 651–658.

Published

16/07/2020

How to Cite

CAVALCANTE, R. M. S.; MOURA, M. S. B. de; RODRIGUES, G. P.; NOGUEIRA, N. do N. Zinc supplementation estrategies for adults. Research, Society and Development, [S. l.], v. 9, n. 8, p. e540986115, 2020. DOI: 10.33448/rsd-v9i8.6115. Disponível em: https://rsdjournal.org/index.php/rsd/article/view/6115. Acesso em: 22 nov. 2024.

Issue

Section

Health Sciences