Depressive symptoms are independently associated with cirrhosis in untreated subjects with Chronic Hepatitis C infection
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v9i11.10075Keywords:
Hepatitis C; Depression; Depressive disorder; Cross-sectional studies.Abstract
Objectives: Depression has shown to be a major public health problem, and is often reported in people with chronic hepatitis C infection. However, little is known about the role of liver fibrosis in predicting depressive symptoms among untreated patients. This study aimed to assess depressive symptoms among HCV-untreated patients, and to explore its association with liver fibrosis. Methods: A propensity score matched cross-sectional study was conducted on 154 subjects with CHC infection. Depression was defined as a score greater than 11 points to depression symptomatology in the Beck Depression Inventory-II. Results: The prevalence of depressive symptoms was 42.9%, and affected predominantly females, aged ≥ 45 years, who had an overall lower education level, without a history of current or previous use of antidepressants or anxiolytics. Median BDI-II score was 6 (IQR, 3 – 16) and 12 (IQR, 6 – 19) for the non-cirrhotic and cirrhotic group, respectively. Depressive symptoms were more frequent in compensated cirrhotic subjects than non-cirrhotic subjects, despite controlling for a range of demographic variables and comorbid conditions. Conclusions: HCV-untreated subjects have an elevated prevalence of depressive symptoms. This is especially relevant among those with cirrhosis, and should raise the awareness of this condition to health professionals.
References
Adinolfi, L. E., Nevola, R., Rinaldi, L., Romano, C., & Giordano, M. (2017). Chronic Hepatitis C Virus Infection and Depression. Clinics in Liver Disease, 21(3), 517–534. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cld.2017.03.007
Batista-Neves, S. C., Quarantini, L. C., de Almeida, A. G., Bressan, R. A., Lacerda, A. L., De-Oliveira, I. R., Paraná, R., & Miranda-Scippa, Â. (2008). High frequency of unrecognized mental disorders in HCV-infected patients. General Hospital Psychiatry, 30(1), 80–82. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.genhosppsych.2007.08.014
Beck, A. T. (1961). An Inventory for Measuring Depression. Archives of General Psychiatry, 4(6), 561. https://doi.org/10.1001/archpsyc.1961.01710120031004
Bianchi, G., Marchesini, G., Nicolino, F., Graziani, R., Sgarbi, D., Loguercio, C., Abbiati, R., & Zoli, M. (2005). Psychological status and depression in patients with liver cirrhosis. Digestive and Liver Disease, 37(8), 593–600. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dld.2005.01.020
Bisschop, M. I., Kriegsman, D. M. ., Beekman, A. T. ., & Deeg, D. J. . (2004). Chronic diseases and depression: the modifying role of psychosocial resources. Social Science & Medicine, 59(4), 721–733. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2003.11.038
Blasiole, J. A. (2006). Mental and physical symptoms associated with lower social support for patients with hepatitis C. World Journal of Gastroenterology, 12(29), 4665. https://doi.org/10.3748/wjg.v12.i27.4665
Bush, K. (1998). The AUDIT Alcohol Consumption Questions (AUDIT-C) - An Effective Brief Screening Test for Problem Drinking. Archives of Internal Medicine, 158(16), 1789. https://doi.org/10.1001/archinte.158.16.1789
Gallach, M., Vergara, M., da Costa, J. P., Miquel, M., Casas, M., Sanchez-Delgado, J., Dalmau, B., Rudi, N., Parra, I., Monllor, T., Sanchez-Lloansí, M., Dosal, A., Valero, O., & Calvet, X. (2018). Impact of treatment with direct-acting antivirals on anxiety and depression in chronic hepatitis C. PLOS ONE, 13(12), e0208112. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0208112
Gomes-Oliveira, M. H., Gorenstein, C., Neto, F. L., Andrade, L. H., & Wang, Y. P. (2012). Validation of the Brazilian Portuguese Version of the Beck Depression Inventory-II in a community sample. Revista Brasileira de Psiquiatria, 34(4), 389–394. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rbp.2012.03.005
Iriana, S., Curry, M. P., & Afdhal, N. H. (2017). Neurologic Manifestations of Hepatitis C Virus Infection. Clinics in Liver Disease, 21(3), 535–542. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cld.2017.03.008
Nelligan, J. A., Loftis, J. M., Matthews, A. M., Zucker, B. L., Linke, A. M., & Hauser, P. (2008). Depression Comorbidity and Antidepressant Use in Veterans With Chronic Hepatitis C. The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 69(5), 810–816. https://doi.org/10.4088/JCP.v69n0514
Raison, C. L., Borisov, A. S., Broadwell, S. D., Capuron, L., Woolwine, B. J., Jacobson, I. M., Nemeroff, C. B., & Miller, A. H. (2005). Depression During Pegylated Interferon-Alpha Plus Ribavirin Therapy. The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 66(01), 41–48. https://doi.org/10.4088/JCP.v66n0106
Silva, M. T., Galvao, T. F., Martins, S. S., & Pereira, M. G. (2014). Prevalence of depression morbidity among Brazilian adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Revista Brasileira de Psiquiatria, 36(3), 262–270. https://doi.org/10.1590/1516-4446-2013-1294
Wang, Y.-P., & Gorenstein, C. (2013). Psychometric properties of the Beck Depression Inventory-II: a comprehensive review. Revista Brasileira de Psiquiatria, 35(4), 416–431. https://doi.org/10.1590/1516-4446-2012-1048
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2020 Henrique Pott Junior; Eveline Tonelotto Barbosa Pott; Rita Moretto; Jorge Figueiredo Senise; Adauto Castelo
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
1) Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
2) Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
3) Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work.
