COVID-19: An epidemiological challenge

Authors

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v10i7.16313

Keywords:

COVID-19; SARS-CoV-2; Public Health Surveillance; Coronavirus infection; Pandemic.

Abstract

Objective: to analyze the development profile of COVID 19 in the states most at risk of illness until March 15, 2021; calculation of the COVID 19 lethality and mortality rates among the highest risk states. Methodology: Descriptive, retrospective and analytical study of the epidemiological data of the states of the red belt at risk of illness until the date of March 15, 2021. In the analysis, we prioritized 04 municipalities with the highest incidence in each state. Results and Discussion: Higher contribution of confirmed cases observed in the Southeast, Northeast, Midwest and North regions, respectively. Of the 13 states, 07 of them in only 04 municipalities contributed with more than 40% of confirmed cases. Mortality rates ranged from 0.07 (Maranhão) to 1.08 (Pará) and lethality rates between states ranged from 1.34 (Amapá and Tocantins) and 2.90 (São Paulo). In the states with the highest concentration of confirmed cases in a smaller number of municipalities, there is the possibility of blocking the disease, through specific actions, and in the states dissemination of the Sars-Cov-2 virus in several municipalities, the tendency to lose control is evident. Conclusion: Suggested control strategies: health education; use of mandatory mask, participation of public and private educators in health education with the families of their students; sanitary barriers on the highways of municipalities that together are above 40% of confirmed cases, use of local health intelligence, which combines contact tracking and rapid tests to mitigate outbreaks of COVID-19, by all managers of the three spheres of government and periodic assessments of the epidemiological picture, so that the strategies implemented continue or are improved.

References

Almazán, F., Sola, I., Zuñiga, S., Marquez-Jurado, S., Morales, L., Becares, M., & Enjuanes, L. (2014). Coronavirus reverse genetic systems: Infectious clones and replicons. Virus Research, 189, 262–270. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.virusres.2014.05.026

Azhar, E. I., El-Kafrawy, S. A., Farraj, S. A., Hassan, A. M., Al-Saeed, M. S., Hashem, A. M., & Madani, T. A. (2014). Evidence for Camel-to-Human Transmission of MERS Coronavirus. New England Journal of Medicine, 370(26), 2499–2505. https://doi.org/10.1056/nejmoa1401505

Cavalcante, J. R., Cardoso-Dos-Santos, A. C., Bremm, J. M., Lobo, A. de P., Macário, E. M., Oliveira, W. K. de, & França, G. V. A. de. (2020). COVID-19 no Brasil: evolução da epidemia até a semana epidemiológica 20 de 2020. Epidemiologia e Servicos de Saude : Revista Do Sistema Unico de Saude Do Brasil, 29(4), e2020376. https://doi.org/10.5123/s1679-49742020000400010.

COVID-19 Brasil (2021). Monitoramento - Estados e capitais: Mapa. https://ciis.fmrp.usp.br/covid19/estado-br-mapa. Recuperado em 13 de Março de 2021.

de Almeida, W. da S., Szwarcwald, C. L., Malta, D. C., Barros, M. B. de A., Júnior, P. R. B. de S., Azevedo, L. O., Romero, D., Lima, M. G., Damacena, G. N., Machado, Í. E., Gomes, C. S., de Pina, M. de F., Gracie, R., Werneck, A. O., & da Silva, D. R. P. (2020). Changes in brazilians’ socioeconomic and health conditions during the covid-19 pandemic. Revista Brasileira de Epidemiologia, 23, 1–14. https://doi.org/10.1590/1980-549720200105

Guan, W., Ni, Z., Hu, Y., Liang, W., Ou, C., He, J., Liu, L., Shan, H., Lei, C., Hui, D. S. C., Du, B., Li, L., Zeng, G., Yuen, K.-Y., Chen, R., Tang, C., Wang, T., Chen, P., Xiang, J., … Zhong, N. (2020). Clinical Characteristics of Coronavirus Disease 2019 in China. New England Journal of Medicine, 382(18), 1708–1720. https://doi.org/10.1056/nejmoa2002032

Holshue, M. L., DeBolt, C., Lindquist, S., Lofy, K. H., Wiesman, J., Bruce, H., Spitters, C., Ericson, K., Wilkerson, S., Tural, A., Diaz, G., Cohn, A., Fox, L., Patel, A., Gerber, S. I., Kim, L., Tong, S., Lu, X., Lindstrom, S., … Pillai, S. K. (2020). First Case of 2019 Novel Coronavirus in the United States. New England Journal of Medicine, 382(10), 929–936. https://doi.org/10.1056/nejmoa2001191.

Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (2020). IBGE Cidades e Estados. https://cidades.ibge.gov.br/. Recuperado em 15 de Março de 2021.

Koven, S. (2020). They Call Us and We Go. New England Journal of Medicine, 382(21), 1978–1979. https://doi.org/10.1056/nejmp2009027

Li, Q., Guan, X., Wu, P., Wang, X., Zhou, L., Tong, Y., Ren, R., Leung, K. S. M., Lau, E. H. Y., Wong, J. Y., Xing, X., Xiang, N., Wu, Y., Li, C., Chen, Q., Li, D., Liu, T., Zhao, J., Liu, M., … Feng, Z. (2020). Early Transmission Dynamics in Wuhan, China, of Novel Coronavirus–Infected Pneumonia. New England Journal of Medicine, 382(13), 1199–1207. https://doi.org/10.1056/nejmoa2001316

Lipsitch, M., Swerdlow, D. L., & Finelli, L. (2020). Defining the Epidemiology of Covid-19 — Studies Needed. New England Journal of Medicine, 382(13), 1194–1196. https://doi.org/10.1056/nejmp2002125

Memish, Z. A., Zumla, A. I., Al-Hakeem, R. F., Al-Rabeeah, A. A., & Stephens, G. M. (2013). Family Cluster of Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus Infections. New England Journal of Medicine, 368(26), 2487–2494. https://doi.org/10.1056/nejmoa1303729

Organização Pan-Americana de Saúde - OPAS (2021). https://www.paho.org/pt/brasil. Recuperado em 13 de Março de 2021

Perlman, S. (2020). Another Decade, Another Coronavirus. New England Journal of Medicine, 382(8), 760–762. https://doi.org/10.1056/nejme1917479

PRODAP - Centro de Gestão da Tecnologia da Informação - Governo do Amapá (2021). Coronavírus. https://corona.portal.ap.gov.br. Recuperado em 13 de Março de 2021.

Schoeman, D., Fielding, B. C., Arias-Reyes, C., Zubieta-DeUrioste, N., Poma-Machicao, L., Aliaga-Raudan, F., Carvajal-Rodriguez, F., Dutschmann, M., Schneider-Gasser, E. M., Zubieta-Calleja, G., Soliz, J., Schneider-Gasser, E. M., Zubieta-Calleja Director High, G., Loeffelholz, M. J., Tang, Y. W., Velavan, T. P., Meyer, C. G., Taylor, D., Lindsay, A. C., … Sheraton, K. (2020). Journal Pre-proof Does the pathogenesis of SAR-CoV-2 virus decrease at high-altitude? Does the pathogenesis of SAR-CoV-2 virus decrease at high-altitude? Corresponding authors. Cell Research, 9(1), 278–280. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17082932

Xie, M., & Chen, Q. (2020). Insight into 2019 novel coronavirus — An updated interim review and lessons from SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV. International Journal of Infectious Diseases, 94, 119–124. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijid.2020.03.071

Zhai, P., Ding, Y., Wu, X., Long, J., Zhong, Y., & Li, Y. (2020). The epidemiology, diagnosis and treatment of COVID-19. International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents, 55(5). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2020.105955

Zhu, N., Zhang, D., Wang, W., Li, X., Yang, B., Song, J., Zhao, X., Huang, B., Shi, W., Lu, R., Niu, P., Zhan, F., Ma, X., Wang, D., Xu, W., Wu, G., Gao, G. F., & Tan, W. (2020). A Novel Coronavirus from Patients with Pneumonia in China, 2019. New England Journal of Medicine, 382(8), 727–733. https://doi.org/10.1056/nejmoa2001017

Zou, L., Ruan, F., Huang, M., Liang, L., Huang, H., Hong, Z., Yu, J., Xia, J., Guo, Q., Hui-Ling Yen, & Wu, J. (2020). SARS-CoV-2 Viral Load in Upper Respiratory Specimens of Infected Patients. New England Journal of Medicine, 382(12), 1175–1177. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMc2001737

Downloads

Published

23/06/2021

How to Cite

CARDOSO, R. F.; ALBERTO, D. de S.; MAUÉS, S. C. C.; SILVA, S. R. M. da; ABREU, A. da C.; COELHO, J. dos S. M. .; MARINHO, M. T. B. .; PINTO, I. C. da S. .; MEIRELES, A. A. V. COVID-19: An epidemiological challenge. Research, Society and Development, [S. l.], v. 10, n. 7, p. e32110716313, 2021. DOI: 10.33448/rsd-v10i7.16313. Disponível em: https://rsdjournal.org/index.php/rsd/article/view/16313. Acesso em: 22 nov. 2024.

Issue

Vol. 10 No. 7

Section

Health Sciences

License

Copyright (c) 2021 Rosilene Ferreira Cardoso; Diovana de Sena Alberto; Silvia Claudia Cunha Maués; Sandro Rogério Mendes da Silva; Adalton da Costa Abreu; Jucileine dos Santos Machado Coelho; Maricélia Tavares Barbosa Marinho; Iracilda Costa da Silva Pinto; Antônio Alexandre Valente Meireles

Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:

1) Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.

2) Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.

3) Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work.