Airway management in dental emergency situations
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v11i1.25272Keywords:
Airway Management; Emergencies; Dentistry.Abstract
The human airway is a system composed of important anatomical structures that protect and maintain permeability. This paper aims to present airway clearance and access maneuvers in emergency situations. A literature review was carried out by searching the Scielo and Embase databases. For this, we used descriptors "Airway Obstruction" and "Emergency" and "Dentistry" with 40 articles screened. In basic maneuvers, the Heimlich maneuver consists of infradiaphragmatic compression in an “L” shape. The Jaw Thrust maneuver is characterized by the protrusion of the jaw, while the Chin Lift involves cervical hyperextension and mental elevation. In advanced maneuvers, Endotracheal Intubation ensures airflow in the airways through the placement of an oral or nasal cannula. Cricothyroidotomy is an invasive procedure that creates an opening through the cricothyroid membrane, while the Tracheostomy is a surgical procedure to create an opening between the 2nd and 3rd tracheal ring. Therefore, the Heimlich maneuver is chosen as the first alternative in situations of acute obstruction, followed by the Jaw Thrust, Chin Lift and Endotracheal Intubation maneuvers. Cricothyroidotomy is the invasive procedure of first choice for reestablishing ventilation in emergency situations, while tracheostomy, which is elective, requires longer procedure time. Therefore, the acute obstruction of the upper airways is a serious and emergency complication, so the dentist must be prepared to quickly reverse this condition in these situations.
References
American Society of Anesthesiologists (2003). Practice guidelines of management of the difficult airway: an updated report. Anesthesiology, 118(2), 1269 – 1277.
ATLS - Advanced Trauma Life Support (2018). American College of Surgeons, 10º ed.
Bailey, D., Goldenberg, D. (2019). Surgical anatomy of the larynx. Operative techniques in otolaryngology – Head and neck surgery, 30(4), 232 – 236.
Bribriesco, A., Patterson, G. A. (2018). Cricothyroid approach for emergency access to the airway. Thorac surg clin, 28(3), 435 – 440.
Brown III, C. A., Sakles, J. C., & Mick, N. W. (2018). The Walls manual of emergency airway management. 5. ed. Philadelphia: Wohers Kluwer.
Ebrahimi, M., Mirhaghi, A. (2019). Heimlich Maneuver Complications: A Systematic Review. Eurasian J Emerg Med., 18(3), 157- 165.
Frennessy, P. et al. (2019). Emergency cricothyroidotomy: an observational study to estimate optimal incision position and length. British Journal of anaesthesia, 122(2), 263 – 268.
Furlow, P. W., Mathisen, D. J. (2018). Surgical anatomy of the trachea. Ann cardiothorac Surg, 7(2), 255 – 260.
Gray, H., Goss, C. M. (1988). Anatomia. Guanabara Koogan, 29ed.
Heimlich, H. (1975). A life – saving maneuver to prevent food – choking. JAMA, 234(4), 398 – 401.
Herman, A. et al. (2018). Heimlich maneuver – induced diaphragmatic rupture and hiatal hernia. The american journal of the medical sciences, 355(4), 13.
Heymans, F. et al. (2016). Emergency cricothyrotomy performed by surgical airway – naive medical personnel. Anesthesiology, 125(2), 295 – 303.
Hungria, H. (1991). Otorrinolaringologia. Guanabara Koogan, Rio de janeiro, 6º ed., 5 – 13.
Ichikawa, M. et al. (2017). Influence of body position during Heimlich maneuver to relieve subpharyngeal obstruction: a manikin study. Acute Med Surg, 4(1), 418-425.
Kligerman, M. P. et al. (2020). Tracheostomy complications in the emergency de department: A national analysis of 38,271 cases. ORL, 82(2), 1-8.
Kovacs, G., Sowers, N. (2018). Airway management in trauma. Emerg Med Clin N Am, 36(1), 61 – 84.
Lynch, L., Crawley, S. M. (2018). Management of airway obstruction. British Journal of Anaesthesia, 18(2), 46-51.
Macêdo, M. B. et al. (2016). Emergency cricothyrotomy: temporary measure or definitive airway? A systematic review. Rev. Col. Bras. Cir., 43(6), 493- 499.
Malamed, S. F. (2015). Medical emergencies in the dental office. Elsevier, 7º ed.
Mehran, R. J. Fundamental and practical aspects of airway anatomy. Thorac Surg Clin., 28(2), 117-125.
Mohseni, M. et al. (2017). Effect of Jaw Thrust and BURP Maneuvers on Glottis Visualization During C- MAC Video laryngoscopy. Ann Anesth Crit Care, 14462.
Moore, K. L. (2011). Anatomia orientada para a clínica. 6. ed. Rio de Janeiro: Guanabara Koogan.
Msheila, D. B., Ogboli-nwasor, E. O., & Isamade, F. S. (2018). Use of the “L-E-M-O-N” score in predicting difficult intubation in Africans. Nigerian Journal of Basic and Clinical Sciences, 15(1), 17-23.
Nama, A. et al. (2020). Management of a Case of Airway Obstruction in the Emergency Department. Isr Med Assoc J, 22(3), 193- 194.
Pallin, D. J. et al. (2016). Techniques and trends, success rates, and adverse events in emergency department pediatric intubations: A report from the national emergency airway registry. Annals of emergency medicine, 67(5), 610 – 615.
Parviz, D. et al. (2019). Knowledge of pre-hospital emergency medical technician about endotracheal intubation: A manikin study. Journal of pharmaceutical research international, 31(6), 1 – 7.
Pereira, A. S. et al. (2018). Metodologia da pesquisa científica. Santa Maria. Ed. UAB/NTE/UFSM.
PHTLS – Soporte vital de Trauma Prehospitalario. (2018). Jones & Bartlett Publishers, 9º ed.
Ross, W., Ellaed, L. (2016). Rapid sequence induction. Anaesthesia tutorial of week, 1-8.
Sanyal, R. et al. (2019). Comparison of airway assessment by mallampati classification and cormark and lehane grading in indian population. Indian Journal of Clinical Anaesthesia, 6(1), 140 – 142.
Schuwartz, A. (2018). Airway management for the oral surgery patient. Oral Maxillofacial Surg Clin N Am, 30(2), 207–226.
Sun, F. et al. (2017). Clinical consensus of emergency airway management. J Thorac Dis, 9(11), 4599 – 4606.
Sykes, P., Elliotte. L., Roew. M. (2019). Maintaining the airway. InnovAiT, 12(10), 561 – 568.
Tevatia, S. et al. (2016). Medical emergencies in dental practice: A review. World journal of pharmaceutical and life sciences, 2(4), 129 – 145.
Yildirim, E. (2018). Principles of urgent management of acute airway obstruction. Thoracic surgery clinics, 28(3), 415 – 428.
Mehran, R. (2018). Fundamental and practical aspects of airway anatomy from glottis to segmental bronchus. Thorac Surg Clin, 28(1), 117-125.
Bontempo, L. J., Manning, S. L. (2019). Tracheostomy emergencies. Emerg Med Clin N Am, 37(1), 109-119.
Lipton, G. et al. (2020). Multispecialty tracheostomy experience. Ann R Coll Surg Engl, 1-5.
Evans, S. W., Mccahon, R. A. (2018). Management of the airway in maxillofacial surgery: part 1. Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg, 56(6),463-468.
Muscat, K., Bille, A., Simo, R. A (2017). Guide to open surgical tracheostomy. Shanghai Chest, 1(4), 1-7.
Hinkelbein, J., Kranke, P. (2018). Rapid sequence induction. Anasthesiol Intensivmed Notfallmed Schmerzther, 53(1), 631-634.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2022 Lohana Maylane Aquino Correia de Lima; Mayana Aquino Correia de Lima; Rayana Cruz Correia de Lima; Milena Mello Varela Ayres de Melo Pinheiro ; Rodrigo Henrique Mello Varela Ayres de Melo ; Deise Louise Bohn Rhoden ; Victor Leonardo Mello Varela Ayres de Melo; Frederico Marcio Varela Ayres de Melo Junior ; Bruna Heloísa Costa Varela Ayres de Melo ; Júlia de Souza Beck; Maria Luísa Alves Lins ; Jussara Diana Varela Ayres de Melo; Nely Dulce Varela de Melo Costa Freitas ; Neme Portal Bustamante ; Ricardo Eugenio Varela Ayres de Melo
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
1) Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
2) Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
3) Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work.
