Prevalence of periodontitis in patients with type 2 diabetes and its association with metabolic control. Cross-sectional study. Cuenca-Ecuador
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v11i6.29664Keywords:
Periodontitis; Periodontal Disease; Prevalence; Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus; Metabolic control.Abstract
Objective: to determine the prevalence of periodontitis in patients with type 2 diabetes and its association with metabolic control in patients who received medical care in two foundations in the city of Cuenca - Ecuador during the period of January-April 2015. Methodology: cross-sectional, descriptive-analytical study carried out with 95 patients with type 2 diabetes who were evaluated periodontally and in whom the level of metabolic control of diabetes was identified by means of the glycosylated hemoglobin test; in addition, we inquired about sex, age, duration of diabetes, time elapsed since their last medical check-up. Results: 86.32% of patients with periodontitis were identified, the majority of patients with type 2 diabetes had poor metabolic control (87.36%). A statistically significant association was found between the presence of periodontitis and the degree of metabolic control of diabetes (p=0.003), patients with poorly controlled diabetes (HbA1c ≥ 7.0%) presented a higher risk of presenting periodontitis (OR: 6.67; 95% CI: 1.72-26.08); likewise, a statistically significant association was found between the presence of periodontitis and the duration of diabetes (p=0.013), with a higher risk for patients who have had type 2 diabetes for 10 years or more (OR: 6.064; 95% CI: 1.26-29.08). Conclusion: the prevalence of periodontitis in patients with type 2 diabetes was 86.32%; associations were identified both with poor metabolic control of diabetes (HbA1c ≥ 7.0%) and with type 2 diabetes duration greater than 10 years.
References
American Diabetes Association. (2021). Addendum. 2. Classification and diagnosis of diabetes: Standards of medical care in diabetes-2021. Diabetes care 2021;44(suppl. 1):S15-S33. Diabetes Care, 44(9), 2182. https://doi.org/10.2337/dc21-ad09
Apoorva, S. M., Sridhar, N., & Suchetha, A. (2013). Prevalence and severity of periodontal disease in type 2 diabetes mellitus (non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus) patients in Bangalore city: An epidemiological study. Journal of Indian Society of Periodontology, 17(1), 25–29. https://doi.org/10.4103/0972-124X.107470
Armitage, G. C. (1999). Development of a classification system for periodontal diseases and conditions. Annals of Periodontology, 4(1), 1–6. https://doi.org/10.1902/annals.1999.4.1.1
Bajaj, S., Prasad, S., Gupta, A., & Singh, V. B. (2012). Oral manifestations in type-2 diabetes and related complications. Indian Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism, 16(5), 777–779. https://doi.org/10.4103/2230-8210.100673
Bonilla Escobar, B. A., Borrell, L. N., Del Cura González, I., Sánchez Perruca, L., Escortell-Mayor, E., & Franco, M. (2020). Type 2 diabetes prevalence among Andean immigrants and natives in a Southern European City. Acta Diabetologica, 57(9), 1065–1072. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00592-020-01515-7
Botero, J. E., Rösing, C. K., Duque, A., Jaramillo, A., & Contreras, A. (2015). Periodontal disease in children and adolescents of Latin America. Periodontology 2000, 67(1), 34–57. https://doi.org/10.1111/prd.12072
Carrillo Larco, R. M., & Bernabé Ortiz, A. (2019). Diabetes mellitus tipo 2 en Perú: una revisión sistemática sobre la prevalencia e incidencia en población general. Revista peruana de medicina experimental y salud pública, 36(1), 26–36. https://doi.org/10.17843/rpmesp.2019.361.4027
Dhir, S., Wangnoo, S., & Kumar, V. (2018). Impact of glycemic levels in Type 2 diabetes on periodontitis. Indian Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism, 22(5), 672–677. https://doi.org/10.4103/ijem.IJEM_566_17
Flores, L. A., & Zerón, A. (2016). Las enfermedades periodontales y su relación con enfermedades sistémicas. Revista Mexicana de Periodontología, 6(2), 77–87. https://www.medigraphic.com/cgi-bin/new/resumen.cgi?IDARTICULO=64075
GBD 2017 Disease and Injury Incidence and Prevalence Collaborators. (2018). Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for 354 diseases and injuries for 195 countries and territories, 1990-2017: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017. Lancet, 392(10159), 1789–1858. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(18)32279-7
Gomezcoello Vásquez, V., Caza, M., & Jácome Sánchez, E. (2021). Prevalencia de diabetes mellitus y sus complicaciones en adultos mayores en un centro de referencia. Revista Medica Vozandes, 31(2), 49–55. https://doi.org/10.48018/rmv.v31.i2.7
Instituto Nacional de Estadística y Censos. (2020). Estadísticas Vitales Registro Estadístico de Defunciones Generales de 2020. C:/Users/mirey/OneDrive/Escritorio/2021-06-10_Principales_resultados_EDG_2020_final.pdf
Jepsen, S., Caton, J. G., Albandar, J. M., Bissada, N. F., Bouchard, P., Cortellini, P., Demirel, K., de Sanctis, M., Ercoli, C., Fan, J., Geurs, N. C., Hughes, F. J., Jin, L., Kantarci, A., Lalla, E., Madianos, P. N., Matthews, D., McGuire, M. K., Mills, M. P., & Yamazaki, K. (2018). Periodontal manifestations of systemic diseases and developmental and acquired conditions: Consensus report of workgroup 3 of the 2017 World Workshop on the Classification of Periodontal and Peri-Implant Diseases and Conditions: Classification and case definitions for periodontal manifestations of systemic diseases and developmental and acquired conditions. Journal of Periodontology, 89 Suppl 1, S237–S248. https://doi.org/10.1002/JPER.17-0733
Khan, M. A. B., Hashim, M. J., King, J. K., Govender, R. D., Mustafa, H., & Al Kaabi, J. (2020). Epidemiology of type 2 diabetes - Global Burden of Disease and forecasted trends. Journal of Epidemiology and Global Health, 10(1), 107–111. https://doi.org/10.2991/jegh.k.191028.001
Kiran, M., Arpak, N., Unsal, E., & Erdoğan, M. F. (2005). The effect of improved periodontal health on metabolic control in type 2 diabetes mellitus. Journal of Clinical Periodontology, 32(3), 266–272. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-051X.2005.00658.x
Madan O’Farril, M., Gasca Martin, L., Espasandin González, S., & Velasteguí López, E. (2021). Prevalencia de la enfermedad periodontal crónica en pacientes diabéticos. Anatomía Digital, 4(4), 69-78. https://doi.org/10.33262/anatomiadigital.v4i4.1891
Martínez Martínez, A. C., Llerena, M. E., & Peñaherrera, M. S. (2017). Prevalencia de enfermedad periodontal y factores de riesgo asociados. Dominio de las Ciencias, 3(1), 99–108. https://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/articulo?codigo=5802912
Maya, G. C., & Sierra, G. L. (2010). La HbA1c en el diagnóstico y en el manejo de la diabetes. Medicina y Laboratorio, 16(5–6), 211–241. https://medicinaylaboratorio.com/index.php/myl/article/view/388
Ministerio de Salud Pública. (2011). Protocolos Clínicos Y Terapéuticos Para La Atención De Las Enfermedades Crónicas No Trasmisibles (Diabetes 1, Diabetes 2, Dislipidemias, Hipertensión Arterial). https://www.iess.gob.ec/documents/10162/51880/Protocolos_ECNT_01_de_junio_2011_v.pdf
Mitchell, C. (2012, noviembre 14). OPS/OMS. Pan American Health Organization / World Health Organization. https://www3.paho.org/hq/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=7453:2012-diabetes-shows-upward-trend-americas&Itemid=1926&lang=es.
Mohamed, H. G., Idris, S. B., Ahmed, M. F., Boe, O. E., Mustafa, K., Ibrahim, S. O., & Astrom, A. N. (2013). Association between oral health status and type 2 diabetes mellitus among Sudanese adults: a matched case-control study. PloS One, 8(12), e82158. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0082158
Navarro Sánchez, A. B., Faria Almeida, R., & Bascones Martínez, A. (2002). Relación entre diabetes mellitus y enfermedad periodontal. Avances en periodoncia e implantología oral, 14(1), 9–19. https://doi.org/10.4321/s1699-65852002000100002
Organización Mundial de la Salud. (2022). Salud Bucodental. https://www.who.int/es/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/oral-health
Petersmann, A., Müller-Wieland, D., Müller, U. A., Landgraf, R., Nauck, M., Freckmann, G., Heinemann, L., & Schleicher, E. (2019). Definition, classification and diagnosis of diabetes mellitus. Experimental and Clinical Endocrinology & Diabetes, 127(S 01), S1–S7. https://doi.org/10.1055/a-1018-9078
Sanz, M., Herrera, D., Kebschull, M., Chapple, I., Jepsen, S., Berglundh, T., Sculean, A., Tonetti, M. (2020a). Tratamiento de la Periodontitis en Estadios I-III - Guía de Práctica Clínica de Nivel S3 de la EFP. Sociedad Española de Periodoncia y Osteointegración (SEPA). https://portal.guiasalud.es/entidad-elaboradora/sociedad-espanola-de-periodoncia-y-osteointegracion-sepa/
Sanz, M., Papapanou, P. N., Tonetti, M. S., Greenwell, H., & Kornman, K. (2020b). Guest editorial: Clarifications on the use of the new classification of periodontitis. Journal of Periodontology, 91(11), 1385. https://doi.org/10.1002/JPER.20-0166
Serrano, C., Perez, C., & Rodríguez, M. (2012). Periodontal conditions in a group of Colombian type 2 diabetic patients with different degrees of metabolic control. Acta Odontologica Latinoamericana: AOL, 25(1), 132–139. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22928393/
Sociedad Española de Periodoncia y Osteointegración. (s/f). Periodontograma. https://sepa.es/periodontograma/index.html
Taylor, J. J., Preshaw, P. M., & Lalla, E. (2013). A review of the evidence for pathogenic mechanisms that may link periodontitis and diabetes. Journal of Clinical Periodontology, 40 Suppl 14, S113-34. https://doi.org/10.1111/jcpe.12059
Wang, S., Liu, J., Zhang, J., Lin, J., Yang, S., Yao, J., & Du, M. (2017). Glycemic control and adipokines after periodontal therapy in patients with Type 2 diabetes and chronic periodontitis. Brazilian Oral Research, 31, e90. https://doi.org/10.1590/1807-3107BOR-2017.vol31.0090
Winning, L., Patterson, C. C., Neville, C. E., Kee, F., & Linden, G. J. (2017). Periodontitis and incident type 2 diabetes: a prospective cohort study. Journal of Clinical Periodontology, 44(3), 266–274. https://doi.org/10.1111/jcpe.12691
Wu, C.Z., Yuan, Y.-H., Liu, H.-H., Li, S.-S., Zhang, B.-W., Chen, W., An, Z.-J., Chen, S.-Y., Wu, Y.-Z., Han, B., Li, C.-J., & Li, L.-J. (2020). Epidemiologic relationship between periodontitis and type 2 diabetes mellitus. BMC Oral Health, 20(1), 204. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12903-020-01180-w
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2022 Luisa Gianella Macas Malla; Julio Andrés Ávila Guazha; Mireya Carolina Espinoza Rodríguez; Andrea Soledad Carvajal Endara
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
1) Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
2) Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
3) Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work.
