Computer simulation of mechanical strength compared between straight and wave plates for femoral application through finite elements

Authors

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v11i12.34710

Keywords:

Finite Element Analysis; Femoral Fractures; Musculoskeletal system.

Abstract

The objective of this study was to evaluate, by means of computer simulation, the difference in mechanical strength between two plate models  straight and wave  used in femur fracture fixation, submitting both to a progressive static axial load. There are criteria to evaluate the yield strength of a material: Tresca, Von Mises and Mohr-Coulomb. In this study, the Von-Mises strain criterion theory was used because it is used in fatigue strength tests of ductile materials, in this case, stainless steel. This criterion, indicates that the yielding of a solid material begins when it reaches a critical stress value. The models were built computationally using 3D modeling software. The finite element mathematical method was used to evaluate the stress and strain curve, two elements considered fundamental to verify the behavior of the metal during the application of stress and the displacement of the plates, to thus evaluate the strength of each. The results obtained after the finite element analysis show that the plates do not reach the critical limit for yielding, but the straight plate absorbs 10 times more stress compared to the wave plate. The wave plate allows the conclusion that there is decomposition of the applied force. Both plates remain in the elastic regime with load up to 1000 N. The load is equivalent to the weight of the body and gravity. It was concluded that the axial force applied in the caudal direction decomposes into resulting ones compared to the straight plate, which absorbs all the load and may reach the critical limit for yielding before the wave plate.

Author Biographies

Rogério Santos Vargas, Universidade de Caxias do Sul

Holds a PhD in Health Sciences from the University of Caxias do Sul (UCS) in progress. Graduated in Medicine at the University of Rio Grande (FURG) 1992; Postgraduate degree in Sports Medicine at the Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS) 1993; Postgraduate degree in Preceptorship of Medical Residency SUS in 2016 in Hospital Sírio Libanês/Feevale; Medical Residency at the University of Taubaté (Unitau) 1998; Master in Health Sciences from the University of Caxias do Sul (UCS).

Jonatas Comparin Araldi, Universidade de Caxias do Sul

He has a Bachelor's degree in Mechanical Engineering (2013) and a Master's degree in Mechanical Engineering (2018), both from the University of Caxias do Sul (UCS). He also holds Specialization in Occupational Safety Engineering. He is currently director/manager in the companies JCA Serviços de Eng. e Transp. and Transportes Jomaelen, teacher at the City Hall of Muitos Capões and also teacher at the Gustavo Vieira de Brito School. He has experience in the area of Transport Engineering, with emphasis on vehicles for collective transport of passengers. In teaching, he currently works as a physics teacher. He works as a consultant for companies in the area of Occupational Safety, projects and analysis of mechanical simulation, and other projects focused on the area of Mechanical Engineering.

Deise Renata Bringmann, Universidade de Caxias do Sul

Holds a PhD in Health Sciences from the University of Caxias do Sul (UCS) in progress. Master in Engineering and Environmental Sciences from the University of Caxias do Sul (UCS). Graduated in Administration at the University of Caxias do Sul (UCS). 

Asdrubal Falavigna, Universidade de Caxias do Sul

  • Graduated in Medicine at the Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul (1989). Studied 1 year of Neurology at the Neurology Service of PUCRS as a prerequisite for Neurosurgery in 1990. Specialization in Neurosurgery in Irmandade Santa Casa de Misericórdia de Porto Alegre - Hospital São José from 1991 to 1994. Fellowship at Columbia University; Presbyterian Hospital - New York in 1995 and 1996. Professor of Medicine at UCS since 1997. Masters in Medicine (Neurosurgery) from the Federal University of São Paulo (1999) and PhD in Neuroscience from the Federal University of São Paulo (2005). Coordinator of the Multidisciplinary Academic League of Neurology-Neurosurgery since 2004. He was coordinator of the Medicine Course at the University of Caxias do Sul from 2008 to 2016. He was Coordinator of Stricto Sensu Graduate Studies in Health Sciences in the area of Medicine until the year 2020. He is currently Vice-Rector of the University of Caxias do Sul. He is President of the Publishing House of the University of Caxias do Sul (EDUCS) since 2020. Received the International Lifetime Recognition Award from the American Association of Neurological Surgeons (AANS) on April 30, 2022.

 

Leandro Luis Corso, Universidade de Caxias do Sul

  • Holds a Postdoctoral degree at Monash University/AUSTRALIA in Optimization, Postdoctoral degree at Naval Postgraduate School, California/USA in Global Optimization considering uncertainties. MSc and PhD in Engineering with focus on optimization from Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS). Bachelor in Mechanical Engineering from Universidade de Caxias do Sul (UCS). Researcher/Professor of undergraduate and graduate Optimization areas, professor of the Master in Mechanical Engineering and PhD in the Health Area at UCS. Member of the Scientific Committee of the State of Rio Grande do Sul. 

References

American Society for Testing and Materials - ASTM. (2013). Standard specification for wrought titanium-6Aluminum-4Vanadium ELI (extra low interstitial) alloy for surgical implant applications (UNS R56401). ASTM F136-13.

Angelini, A. J (2001). Ensaio mecanico de compressão estatica comparada entre placas retas e pre-moldadas em onda. Dissertação mestrado, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Cirugia, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, Brasil.

Blatter, G., & Weber, B. G. (1990). Wave plate osteosynthesis as a salvage procedure. Archives of orthopaedic and trauma surgery, 109(6), 330–333.

Cooper, R. J., Wilcox, R. K., & Jones, A. C. (2019). Finite element models of the tibiofemoral joint: A review of validation approaches and modelling challenges. Medical engineering & physics, 74, 1-12.

Dias, D. F., & Gonçalves, S. J. da C. (2021). Failures in hip implants. Research, Society and Development, 10(11), e357101119668.

Duncan, R. L., & Turner, C. H. (1995). Mechanotransduction and the functional response of bone to mechanical strain. Calcified tissue international, 57(5), 344–358.

Gutzeit, E. M., Lopes, T. V., Campos, S. C. de., Barreto, B. de O. C., Wehbe, C., Gonçalves, F. G. A., Lopes, I. V., Silva, J. N. da., Rodrigues, J. C., Reimann, R. S., & Ferraz, S. V. (2022). Assessment of the profile of victims of femur fractures treated at an urgent and emergency hospital in the Brazilian western Amazon. Research, Society and Development, 11(4), e44311426580.

Hornik, K., & Grün, B. (2014). On maximum likelihood estimation of the concentration parameter of von Mises–Fisher distributions. Computational statistics, 29(5), 945-957.

Izzawati, B., Daud, R., Rojan, A., Majid, M. A., Najwa, M. N., Zain, N. A. M., & Azizan, A. F. (2019). The effect of bone healing condition on the stress of screw fixation in orthotropic femur bone for fracture stabilization. Materials Today: Proceedings, 16, 2160-2169.

Jorge, S. R. N., Cocco, L. F., Kawano, C., Fernandes, H. J. A., & Reis, F. B. D. (2006). The wave plate method in non union femoral shaft fractures treatment. Acta Ortopédica Brasileira, 14, 17-21.

Khanfour, A. A., & Zakzouk, S. A. (2012). Distal femur non-union after interlocked intramedullary nailing. Successful augmentation with wave plate and strut graft. Acta orthopaedica Belgica, 78(4), 492–499.

Kojima, K. E., & Pires, R. (2017). Absolute and relative stabilities for fracture fixation: the concept revisited. Injury, 48 Suppl 4, S1.

Kojima, K. E., Hungria Neto, J. S., & Fucs, P. M. (2010). In vitro evaluation of the influence of the wave length and height in the wave-plate osteosynthesis. Archives of orthopaedic and trauma surgery, 130(9), 1133-1139.

Kouhi, E., Masood, S., & Morsi, Y. (2008). Design and fabrication of reconstructive mandibular models using fused deposition modeling. Assembly automation.

Orava, H., Huang, L., Ojanen, S. P., Mäkelä, J., Finnilä, M., Saarakkala, S., Herzog, W., Korhonen, R. K., Töyräs, J., & Tanska, P. (2022). Changes in subchondral bone structure and mechanical properties do not substantially affect cartilage mechanical responses - A finite element study. Journal of the mechanical behavior of biomedical materials, 128, 105129.

Machado, E. A., Santo, F. H. do E., Ribeiro, M. de N. de S., Silvino, Z. R., Cardoso, R. da S. S., Almeida, E. G. R., & Aranha, J. dos S. (2020). Aging and fall prevention: overview of the nursing team of a Transition Hospital. Research, Society and Development, 9(10), e2749108566.

Marongiu, G., Dolci, A., Verona, M., & Capone, A. (2020). The biology and treatment of acute long-bones diaphyseal fractures: Overview of the current options for bone healing enhancement. Bone reports, 12, 100249.

Matter, P. (1998). History of the AO and its global effect on operative fracture treatment. Clinical orthopaedics and related research, (347), 11-18.

Nassiri, M., MacDonald, B., & O'byrne, J. M. (2013). Computational modelling of long bone fractures fixed with locking plates–How can the risk of implant failure be reduced?. Journal of Orthopaedics, 10(1), 29-37.

Patel, R. R., Valles, D., Riveros, G. A., Thompson, D. S., Perkins, E. J., Hoover, J. J., & Tordesillas, A. (2018). Stress flow analysis of bio-structures using the finite element method and the flow network approach. Finite Elements in Analysis and Design, 152, 46-54.

Perren, S. M., Huggler, A., Russenberger, M., Straumann, F., M¨ ller, M. E., & Allgöwer, M. (1969). A method of measuring the change in compression applied to living cortical bone. Acta Orthopaedica Scandinavica, 40(sup125), 1-63.

Pereira de Andrade, J., Zvicker da Silva, D., & Silva Patrício, D. (2020). Incidência dos casos de fratura de fêmur no brasil entre 2015 e 2020 através de dados epidemiológicos do datasus: faixa etária e gênero. Scientia Generalis, 1(3), 84–91.

Reis, F. B. D., Hungria Neto, J. S., & Pires, R. E. S. (2005). Pseudartrose. Rev. bras. ortop, 79-88.

Ring, D., Jupiter, J. B., Sanders, R. A., Quintero, J., Santoro, V. M., Ganz, R., & Marti, R. K. (1997). Complex nonunion of fractures of the femoral shaft treated by wave-plate osteosynthesis. The Journal of bone and joint surgery. British volume, 79(2), 289–294.

Santos Júnior, J. E., & Silva, R. B. B. da. (2021). Femur fractures in the elderly in Northeast Brazil: epidemiological data and expenses for the SUS. Research, Society and Development, 10(14), e180101421984.

Szejnfeld, V. L., Jennings, F., Castro, C. H. D. M., Pinheiro, M. D. M., & Lopes, A. C. (2007). Conhecimento dos médicos clínicos do Brasil sobre as estratégias de prevenção e tratamento da osteoporose. Revista Brasileira de Reumatologia, 47, 251-257.

Uliana, C. S., Bidolegui, F., Kojima, K., & Giordano, V. (2021). Augmentation plating leaving the nail in situ is an excellent option for treating femoral shaft nonunion after IM nailing: a multicentre study. European journal of trauma and emergency surgery: official publication of the European Trauma Society, 47(6), 1895–1901.

Viceconti, M. (2019). Predicting bone strength from CT data: clinical applications. Morphologie, 103(343), 180-186.

Weber, B. G., & Cech, O.: "Pseudarthrosis of the humerus", in Pseudarthrosis, Bern, Hans Huber, 1976. p. 108-119.

Downloads

Published

15/09/2022

How to Cite

VARGAS, R. S. .; ARALDI, J. C. .; BRINGMANN, D. R.; FALAVIGNA, A. .; CORSO, L. L. Computer simulation of mechanical strength compared between straight and wave plates for femoral application through finite elements. Research, Society and Development, [S. l.], v. 11, n. 12, p. e301111234710, 2022. DOI: 10.33448/rsd-v11i12.34710. Disponível em: https://rsdjournal.org/index.php/rsd/article/view/34710. Acesso em: 3 may. 2025.

Issue

Vol. 11 No. 12

Section

Health Sciences

License

Copyright (c) 2022 Rogério Santos Vargas; Jonatas Comparin Araldi; Deise Renata Bringmann; Asdrubal Falavigna; Leandro Luis Corso

Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:

1) Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.

2) Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.

3) Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work.