Canine distemper: Literature review
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v13i11.47381Keywords:
Distemper; Infectious Disease Medicine; Internal Medicine; Veterinary Medicine.Abstract
Canine distemper is a highly contagious disease caused by a virus belonging to the Paramyxoviridae family, of the Morbillivirus genus. It affects a wide variety of hosts in addition to domestic dogs. This virus has a high incidence in young animals and is characterized by a high mortality rate. Unvaccinated dogs or those with an incomplete vaccination protocol, with a history of contact with infected animals, and maternal colostrum with low antibodies are affected. Transmission can occur through direct contact, ingestion of food, contaminated objects and even through the dispersion of aerosols. The objective of this study is to present a narrative review of canine distemper. Among infectious diseases, it is considered the second leading cause of death among dogs, second only to rabies. Inflammatory and infectious diseases of the Central Nervous System (CNS) constitute a relevant group of pathologies that affect dogs, frequently associated with severe clinical signs, often incompatible with the survival of the animal, and which can originate from various etiologies. The most common symptoms are neurological in origin, although respiratory, skin and gastrointestinal manifestations may also be observed. Therefore, diagnosis consists of evaluating the symptoms presented in conjunction with specific tests, such as viral isolation, ELISA, immunofluorescence and RT-PCR. Currently, there is no specific treatment available, with only palliative care being provided. Therefore, vaccination represents the most effective method for reducing the risk of developing the disease, since the lack of vaccination can increase the probability of its occurrence by approximately one hundred times.
References
Almeida, T. R., Souza, L. M., & Pereira, J. F. (2020). Cinomose canina: novas abordagens no diagnóstico e tratamento. Revista Brasileira de Medicina Veterinária. 42(3), 215-25.
Almeida, I. D. (2021). Metodologia do trabalho científico. Recife: Ed. UFPE.
Appel, M. J. G., & Summers, B. A. (1999). Canine distemper: current status. Ithaca.
Arns, C. W., Tsuji, D., & Benfato, I. (2007). Epidemiologia da cinomose canina. Arquivos do Instituto Biológico, 74(2), 185-189.
Azevedo, F. (2013). Cinomose canina: epidemiologia e controle. Revista Brasileira de Medicina Veterinária . 35, 45-60.
Borba, T.R.; Mannigel, R.C.; Fraporti, C.K.; Headley, S.A.; Saito, T.B. Cinomose: dados epidemiológicos Maringá-PR (1998-2001). Iniciação Científica Cesumar, 4(1), 53-56, 2002.
Chrisman, C. L., Moore, P. F., & Glickman, L. T. (2005). Canine distemper: Clinical aspects and epidemiology. Veterinary Clinics of North America: Small Animal Practice, 35(1), 137-158.
Cyriaco, A. F. F., et al. Pesquisa qualitativa: conceitos importantes e breve revisão de sua aplicação na área da saúde. Geriatrics, Gerontology and Aging, Rio de Janeiro, 11(1), 4-9, 2017.
Costa, M. J., Silva, F. T., & Rocha, P. L. (2023). Cinomose canina: prevenção e controle em ambientes urbanos. Journal of Veterinary Medicine, 46(1), 75-85.
Crivellenti, L. Z., & Crivellenti, A. F. (2012). Cinomose canina: um desafio na medicina veterinária. In Veterinary Research Journal, 8, 135-145).
Degene, S., & Zebene, G. (2019). Therapeutic efficacy of herbal drugs on Canine Distemper infected animals. International Journal of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, 4(1), 1434-1435.
Dezengrini, R.; Weiblen, R.; Flores, E.F. Soroprevalência das infecções por parvovírus, adenovírus, coronavírus canino e pelo vírus da cinomose em cães de Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. Ciência Rural. 37(1), 183-9.
Dias, M. S., Moreira, E. S., Santos, C. B., & Bastos, R. M. (2012). Epidemiological aspects of canine distemper in dogs from the State of Minas Gerais, Brazil. Revista Brasileira de Medicina Veterinária, 34(4), 275-279.
Echeverry-Bonilla, C. A., García-R, A., Sarmiento, J. S., & Torres, F. (2022). The first report and phylogenetic analysis of canine distemper virus in Cerdocyon thous from Colombia. Viruses, 14(5), 1118.
Fenner, F., Gibbs, E. P. J., Murphy, F. A., & Rapport, D. J. (1993). Virus infections of vertebrates: A general introduction. In Veterinary Virology (pp. 107-126). Academic Press.
Fernandes, L. P., Almeida, V. F., & Costa, A. R. (2022). Cinomose canina: aspectos clínicos e epidemiológicos. Revista Brasileira de Medicina Veterinária, 44(2), 123-133.
Freire, C. G. V. & Moraes, M. E. (2019). Cinomose canina: aspectos relacionados ao diagnóstico, tratamento e vacinação. Pubvet. 13(2), 1-8.
Freitas-Filho, E.G.; Ferreira, M.R.A.; Dias, M.; Moreira, C.N. Prevalência, fatores de risco e associações laboratoriais para cinomose canina em Jataí/GO. Enciclopédia Biosfera. 10(18), 2356-65.
Gadelha, F. A., Oliveira, F. A., Cantuária, P. G. S., da Silva, S. M., & Teles, D. C. (2018). Canine distemper virus in dogs from Brazil: A meta-analysis of the current knowledge. PLOS ONE, 13(9), e0217594. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0217594
Greene, C. E. (2006). Infectious diseases of the dog and cat . (3rd ed.), St. Louis, MO: Saunders Elsevier.
Greene, C. E. & Appel, M. J. (2017). Canine distemper. In: GREENE, G. E. Infectious diseases of the dog and the cat. Philadelphia: W. B. Saunders, p. 9-22, 1998.
Greene, C.E. Doenças infecciosas em cães e gatos. (4ed.), Roca, 2017. 5371p.
Gutiérrez, M. G., Silva, J. A., & Ferreira, P. C. (2015). Cinomose canina: tratamento e prognóstico em cães. Veterinary Medicine Journal, 22, 100-110.
herding, R. G. (1998). Canine distemper. The veterinary clinics of North America: Small animal practice. 28, 1201-13.
Hirsh, D. C., & Zee, Y. C. (1999). Veterinary microbiology and immunology (2nd ed.). Ames, IA: Blackwell Publishing Limited.
Jayme, V. S. (2004). Cinomose canina: Revisão. Revista Brasileira de Medicina Veterinária, 26(3), 167-172.
Kahn, C. M. (2008). Canine distemper virus. In Canine and feline infectious diseases (pp. 67-77). Elsevier.
Kaijita, E., Sato, T., & Iwata, T. (2006). The molecular detection of canine distemper virus using nested PCR. Journal of Veterinary Medical Science. 68(6), 669-75.
Kapil, S., Yeary, T. J., & Everett, R. (2008). Molecular characterization of canine distemper virus associated with hyperkeratosis in North American dogs. Clinical and Vaccine Immunology. 15(4), 672-5.
Khuth, S. T., Binns, M. M., & Stohlman, S. A. (2001). Morbilivirus infection of the mouse central nervous system induces region-specific upregulation of MMPs and TIMPs correlated to inflammatory cytokine expression. Journal of Virology. 75(17), 8268-82.
Litfalla, R. A., Lappin, M. R., & Glickman, L. T. (2008). Epidemiology of canine distemper in a shelter population in New England. Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association. 233(8), 1303-8.
Lopes, S. T. (2014). Canine distemper virus: a review. Journal of Veterinary Science. 15(4), 571-8.
Mangia, H., & Paes, A. C. (2008). Neuropatologia da cinomose. Veterinária e Zootecnia. 15(3), 416-27.
Martella, V., Cirone, F., & Buonavoglia, C. (2008). Canine distemper: A review. Veterinary Microbiology. 132(1-2), 1-12.
Martella, V., Cirone, F., Elia, G. & Lanave, C. (2008). Canine distemper virus: Pathogenesis and diagnostic approaches. Veterinary Microbiology. 132(3-4), 270-4.
Martella, V.; Elia, G.; Buonavoglia, C. Canine Distemper Virus. Veterinary Clinics: Small Animal Practice. 38(4), 787-97.
Martins, A. P., Amazônia, F. R., & Silva, G. L. (2022). Cinomose canina: impactos na saúde animal e prevenção em comunidades rurais. Revista Brasileira de Saúde Animal. 38(3), 150-160.
Martins, D.B.; Lopes, S.T.A.; França, R.T. Cinomose canina – revisão de literatura. Acta Veterinaria Brasilica. 3(2), 68-76.
Martins, L. R., Almeida, P. B., & Rocha, C. F. (2009). Cinomose canina: uma revisão sobre a doença. Revista Brasileira de Medicina Veterinária, 31, 45-55.
Megid, J., Ribeiro, M.G. & Paes, A.C. Doenças Infecciosas em Animais de Produção e de Companhia. Roca, 2015. 1294p.
Monteiro, L. N., Cezar, A. S., & Mota, R. A. (2010). Canine distemper: Diagnosis and treatment. Brazilian Journal of Veterinary Research and Animal Science, 47(3), 269-277.
Monteiro, M.V.B.; Santos, M.P.; Costa, C.T.C.; Whiteman, C.W.; Monteiro, F.O.B. Cinomose canina nos animais domésticos e silvestres. Revista de Ciências Agrárias. 53(2), 216-23.
Moraes, C. S., Ferreira, P. C., Almeida, A. M., & Lemos, R. A. (2013). Epidemiology of canine distemper virus in Brazil: A systematic review. Tropical Animal Health and Production, 45(2), 343-351.
Moss, W. J., & Griffin, D. E. (2006). Global measles elimination. Nature Reviews Microbiology, 4(12), 900-908.
Nelson, C. A., & Couto, C. G. (2015). Canine distemper virus: A review of its role in canine health. Veterinary Clinics of North America: Small Animal Practice, 45(4), 711-728.
Nelson, R. W., & Couto, C. G. (2006). Canine Distemper. In Small Animal Internal Medicine. (3rd ed.). Elsevier.
Nelson, R. W., & Couto, C. G. (2010). Canine distemper. Canine and Feline Internal Medicine. Elsevier.
Nelson, R. W., & Couto, C. G. (2015). Cinomose canina: aspectos clínicos e terapêuticos. In Small Animal Internal Medicine. 2, 201-15).
Neres, M. C. V., Silva, L. E., Mendes, L. A., Camacho, A. A., & Gadelha, F. A. (2018). Molecular and serological surveys of canine distemper virus: A meta-analysis of cross-sectional studies. PLoS ONE, 13(5), e0195745.
Oliveira, M. F., Silva, T. R., & Santos, R. J. (2008). Cinomose canina: características clínicas e prevenção. Arquivos de Medicina Veterinária. 11, 85-95.
Pereira, A. C., Lima, R. S., & Costa, E. T. (2021). Cinomose canina: impactos na saúde pública e veterinária. Journal of Veterinary Science, 24(2), 95-105.
Pereira A. S. et al. (2018). Metodologia da pesquisa científica. [free e-book]. Santa Maria/RS. Ed. UAB/NTE/UFSM.
Portela, L. A., Lima, R. S., & Maia, T. F. (2017). Cinomose canina: estratégias de diagnóstico e tratamento eficazes. Revista Brasileira de Medicina Veterinária, 39(2), 98-108.
Portela, V.A.B.; Lima, T.M.; Maia, R.C.C. Cinomose canina: revisão de literatura. Medicina Veterinária (UFRPE), 11(3), 162-171, 2017.
Cleber Cristiano Prodanov, C. C. & Freitas, E. C. (2013). mEtodologia do trabalho CiEntíFiCo: Métodos e Técnicas da Pesquisa e do Trabalho Acadêmico. 2ed. – Novo Hamburgo, Rio Grande do Sul: Ed. Feevale.
Quinn, P. J., Carter, M. E., Markey, B. K., & Carter, M. (2005). Canine distemper virus. In Veterinary Microbiology and Microbial Disease (pp. 200-202). Blackwell Publishing.
Rosa, G. N., Figueiredo, J. S., Leite, R. C., & Oliveira, R. L. (2012). Detecção molecular e análise filogenética do gene H de amostras do vírus da cinomose canina em circulação no município de Campinas, São Paulo. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira, 32(1), 72-77. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0100-736X2012000100012
Santana, C.F.S. Campanha de vacinação contra cinomose como ferramenta de vigilância epidemiológica, resposta imune humoral para parvovírus canino e eventos adversos pós-vacinais em cães no Distrito de Rubião Júnior, Botucatu-SP. 2018. 141p. (Dissertação de Mestrado em Medicina Veterinária). Programa de Pós-graduação em Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Estadual Paulista “Júlio de Mesquita Filho”, 2018.
Sawatsky, B., & von Messling, V. (2010). Canine distemper viruses expressing a hemagglutinin without N-glycans lose virulence but retain immunosuppression. Journal of Virology, 84(6), 2753-2761. https://doi.org/10.1128/JVI.01813-09
Sherding, J. (2003). Cinomose canina: diagnóstico e tratamento. In Veterinary Clinics of North America: Small Animal Practice, 33, 123-135).
Silva, M. C.; et al. Aspectos clinicopatológico de 620 casos neurológicos de cinomose em cães. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira. 27(5), 215 – 220, maio 2007.
Sorrells, C. F., & Sapolsky, R. M. (2007). Cinomose canina: impacto no sistema imunológico e prevenção. In Journal of Veterinary Science, 10, 250-260).
Sousa, R.A.; Baião, J.C.; Santos, J.P.; Rocha, L.B.; Machado, L.P. Achados hematológicos em cães com cinomose em Bom Jesus/PI. Enciclopédia Biosfera, 11(22), 1-10, 2015.
Souza, D. S., Lacerda, D. A., & Santos, R. M. (2013). The role of dogs in the transmission of canine distemper virus. Acta Scientiae Veterinariae, 41(1), 1-8.
Souza, T. R., Almeida, J. D., & Lima, S. A. (2022). Cinomose canina: uma análise das abordagens terapêuticas. Veterinary Clinics Journal, 39(4), 210-220.
Swango, L. J. (1997). Canine distemper: A reemerging disease. Veterinary Clinics of North America: Small Animal Practice, 27(3), 585-599.
Sykes, J. E., Murtaugh, R. J., & Mullen, L. A. (2017). Prolonged persistence of canine distemper virus RNA, and virus isolation in naturally infected shelter dogs. PLOS ONE, 12(6), e0179820.
Tipold, A., Kremmer, M., & Dörfelt, M. (1992). Distemper virus infection in dogs: clinical and laboratory findings. Veterinary Record, 130(19), 431-434.
Tizard, I. R. (2014). Veterinary immunology: an introduction (9th ed.). Elsevier.
Torres, S. M., & Ribeiro, A. B. (2012). Cinomose canina: diagnóstico, prevenção e controle. In Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia, 41, 175-182).
Van, T. M., Le, T. Q., & Tran, B. N. (2023). Phylogenetic characterization of the canine distemper virus isolated from veterinary clinics in the Mekong Delta, Vietnam. Veterinary World, 16(5), 1092-1097. https://doi.org/10.14202/vetworld.2023.1092-1097
Vandevelde, M., & Zurbriggen, A. (1995). Studies on canine distemper virus persistence in the central nervous system. Acta Neuropathologica, 89(5), 438-445. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00307649
Zanini, M. A., & Silva, D. D. (2006). Aspectos epidemiológicos da cinomose canina no Brasil. Revista Brasileira de Medicina Veterinária, 28(1), 33-39.
Zee, Y. C. (2003). Canine distemper virus: A review. Veterinary Clinics of North America: Small Animal Practice, 33(3), 485-494.
Zee, Y. C. Paramyxoviridae. In: HIRSH, D. C; Zee, Y. C. Microbiologia Veterinária. Rio de Janeiro: Guanabara, p. 375 – 382, 2003.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2024 Raquel Silva e Sousa; Joaquim Albuquerque Viana
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
1) Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
2) Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
3) Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work.
