Effect of vegetarian diet and physical exercise on lipid peroxidation

Authors

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v14i5.48822

Keywords:

Lipid Peroxidation; Vegetarian Diet; Physical Exercise.

Abstract

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of the ovo-dairy-vegetarian diet (DOL) and strenuous physical exercise (EFE) on lipid peroxidation, as an indicator of oxidative stress in 10 young, healthy male students at the Instituto Adventista do Nordeste. Dietary control was monitored and evaluated for four months. Before this stage, blood samples were collected from the study group, at baseline and five minutes after the EFE on a treadmill. The same procedure was applied after dietary control.  The data obtained were analyzed using the Wilcoxon method. The results showed that the adoption of DOL, under resting conditions, significantly reduced lipid peroxidation (-107.88%; p<0.001). After EFE with a free diet and with DOL, lipid peroxidation increased by 16% and reduced by 21.22%, although not significantly, respectively. These data suggest that lipid peroxidation is sensitive to an adequate ovo-dairy-vegetarian diet. If lipid peroxidation is considered an indicator of oxidative stress, it can be thought that DOL is more efficient than the free diet. The presence of antioxidants in DOL may interfere with the reduction of lipid peroxidation produced by EFE.

References

Astrand, P. O., & Rodahl, K. (1992). Fisiologia del Trabajo Físico: bases fisiológicas del ejercicio (3ª ed). Buenos Aires: Medica Panamericana.

Bengmark, S., & Gil, A. (2007). Productos finales de la glicación y de la lipoxidación como amplificadores de la inflamación: papel de los alimentos. Nutrición Hospitalaria, 22(6), 625-640.

Cho, S. Y., Chung, Y. S., Yoon, H. K., & Roh, H. T. (2022). Impact of Exercise Intensity on Systemic Oxidative Stress, Inflammatory Responses, and Sirtuin Levels in Healthy Male Volunteers. International journal of environmental research and public health, 19(18), 11292. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph191811292

Clemente-Suárez, V. J., Bustamante-Sanchez, Á., Mielgo-Ayuso, J., Martínez-Guardado, I., Martín-Rodríguez, A., & Tornero-Aguilera, J. F. (2023). Antioxidants and Sports Performance. Nutrients, 15(10), 2371. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15102371

Colowick, S.P. & Kaplan, N.O. (1984). Methods in Enzimology. Oxygen Radicals in Biological Systems (Vol. 105). 1ª ed. California: Academic Press.

Food and Nutrition Board, National Research Council. (1998). Recommended Dietary Allowances (10ª ed.). Washington, DC: National Academy Press.

Glade M. J. (1999). Food, nutrition, and the prevention of cancer: a global perspective. American Institute for Cancer Research/World Cancer Research Fund, American Institute for Cancer Research, 1997. Nutrition (Burbank, Los Angeles County, Calif.), 15(6), 523–526. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0899-9007(99)00021-0

García-Cardona, D. M., Landázuri, P., Ayala-Zuluaga, C. F., & Restrepo Cortes, B. (2022). Marcadores bioquímicos de estrés oxidativo en jugadoras universitarias de voleibol. Efecto del consumo de Passiflora edulis (Biochemical markers of oxidative stress in female volleyball players. Effect of consumption of Passiflora edulis). Retos, 43, 603–612. https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v43i0.88333

Goudarzi, R., Sedaghat, M., Hedayati, M., Hekmatdoost, A., & Sohrab, G. (2020). Low advanced Glycation end product diet improves the central obesity, insulin resistance and inflammatory profiles in Iranian patients with metabolic syndrome: a randomized clinical trial. Journal of diabetes and metabolic disorders, 19(2), 1129–1138. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40200-020-00614-0

Halliwell, B., Gutteridge, J. M., & Cross, C. E. (1992). Free radicals, antioxidants, and human disease: where are we now?. The Journal of laboratory and clinical medicine, 119(6), 598–620.

Huertas, J. R., Al Fazazi, S., Hidalgo-Gutierrez, A., López, L. C., & Casuso, R. A. (2017). Antioxidant effect of exercise: Exploring the role of the mitochondrial complex I superassembly. Redox biology, 13, 477–481. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.redox.2017.07.009

Karpinski, C. and Rosenbloom, C.A. (2017) Sports Nutrition: A Handbook for Professionals. 6th Edition, Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics, Chicago

Kostka, T., Bonnefoy, M., Arsac, L., Berthouze, S., Belli, A., Lacour, J.R. (1997). Habitual physical activity and peak anaerobic power in elderly women. European Journal of Applied Physiology, 76(1), 81–89.

Krotkiewski, M., & Brzezinska, Z. (1996). Lipid peroxides production after strenuous exercise and in relation to muscle morphology and capillarization. Muscle & nerve, 19(12), 1530–1537. https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1097-4598(199612)19:12<1530::AID-MUS2>3.0.CO;2-B

Leach, T. (2023). The Impact of Vegan vs Omnivorous Diets on Biomarkers of Inflammation in Muscle Recovery (Master’s thesis). New Zealand: At Massey University, Albany, New Zealand.

Lehucher-Michel, M. P., Lesgards, J. F., Delubac, O., Stocker, P., Durand, P., & Prost, M. (2001). Stress oxydant et pathologies humaines. Bilan et perspectives préventives [Oxidative stress and human disease. Current knowledge and perspectives for prevention]. Presse medicale (Paris, France: 1983), 30(21), 1076–1081.

Lowry, O.H., Rosebrough, N.J., Farr, A.L., & Randall, R.J. (1951). Protein measurement with the Folin phenol reagent. Journal of Biological Chemistry, 193(1), 265–275.

Miura, T., Muraoka, S., & Ogiso, T. (1998). Antioxidant activity of adrenergic agents derived from catechol. Biochemical pharmacology, 55(12), 2001–2006. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0006-2952(98)00075-6

Moure, A., Cruz, J.M., Franco, D., Dominguez, J.M., Sinero, J., Dominguez, H., Nuñez, J.M., & Parajó, J.C. (2001). Natural antioxidants from residual source. Food Chemistry, 72(2), 145–171.

Nasiri, M., et al. (2021). Training, t-resveratrol and oxidative stress. International Journal for Vitamin and Nutrition Research, 91(5–6), 507–512.

Naoum, P. C. (2001). Radicales libres y daños eritrocitarios. Revista de Hematología, 1(3), 150–172.

Nebl, J., Haufe, S., Eigendorf, J., Wasserfurth, P., Tegtbur, U., & Hahn, A. (2019). Exercise capacity of vegan, lacto-ovo-vegetarian and omnivorous recreational runners. Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition, 16(1), 23.

Nikolaidis, M.G., Jamurtas, A.Z., Paschalis, V., Kostaropoulos, I.A., Kladi-Skandali, A., Balamitsi, V., Koutedakis, Y., & Kouretas, D. (2006). Exercise-induced oxidative stress in G6PD-deficient individuals. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 38(8), 1443–1450.

Panda, P., Verma, H.K., Lakkakula, S., Merchant, N., Kadir, F., Rahman, S., Jeffree, M.S., Lakkakula, B.V.K.S., & Rao, P.V. (2022). Biomarkers of Oxidative Stress Tethered to Cardiovascular Diseases. Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity, 2022, 9154295.

Pereira A. S. et al. (2018). Metodologia da pesquisa científica. [free e-book]. Editora UAB/NTE/UFSM.

Pfeiffer, A., Tomazini, F., Bertuzzi, R., & Lima-Silva, A.E. (2022). Sprint interval exercise performance in vegans. Journal of the American Nutrition Association, 41(4), 399–406.

Philippi, S. T. (2002). Tabela de composição de alimentos: Suporte para decisão nutricional (2ª ed.). São Paulo: Editora Gráfica Colonário.

Pinheiro, B. V., Lacerda, E. M., & Benzecry, E. H. (1998). Tabela para avaliação do consumo alimentar com medidas caseiras (4ª ed.). Rio de Janeiro: Atheneu.

Pohl, A., Schünemann, F., Bersiner, K., & Gehlert, S. (2021). The Impact of Vegan and Vegetarian Diets on Physical Performance and Molecular Signaling in Skeletal Muscle. Nutrients, 13(11), 3884.

Powers, S.K. & Lennon, S.L. (1999). Analyses of cellular responses to free radicals: focus on exercise and skeletal muscle. Proceedings of the Nutrition Society, 58(4), 1025–1033.

Powers, S.K., Nelson, W.B., & Hudson, M.B. (2011). Exercise-induced oxidative stress in humans: cause and consequences. Free Radical Biology and Medicine, 51(5), 942–950.

Ribeiro Cunha, L.M. (1989). Radicais livres do oxigênio em medicina. Acta Portuguesa, 2, 23–29.

Scheffer, D. L. da, Pinho, C. A., Hoff, M. L. M., Silva, L. A. da Benetti, M., Moreira, J. C. F., & Pinho, R. A. (2012). Impacto do triatlon ironman sobre os parâmetros de estresse oxidativo. Revista Brasileira de Cineantropometria & Desempenho Humano, 14(2), 174–182.

Skjelbred, F. C., Saebo, M., Hjartaker, A., Grotmol, T., Hansteen, I., Tveit, K. M., Hoff, G. ,& Kure, E. H. (2007). Meat, vegetables and genetic polymorphisms and the risk of colorectal carcinomas and adenomas. BMC Cancer, 7, 228–239.

Shitsuka et al. (2014). Matemática fundamental para a tecnologia. São Paulo: Ed. Érica. Vieira, S. (2021). Introdução à bioestatística. Ed.GEN/Guanabara Koogan.

Souza, J., da Silva, R.A., da Luz Scheffer, D., Penteado, R., Solano, A., Barros, L., Budde, H., Trostchansky, A., & Latini, A. (2022). Physical-Exercise-Induced Antioxidant Effects on the Brain and Skeletal Muscle. Antioxidants, 11(5), 826.

Subudhi, A.W., Scott, L.D., Kipp, R.W., & Wayne, E.A. (2001). Antioxidant status and oxidative stress in elite alpine ski racers. International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism, 11(1), 32–39.

Sunide, S., Tahake, K., Kitão, H, ND; & Navedomo, F. (1989). Exercise induced lipid peroxidation Nd leakage of enzymes before Nd after vitamin E Suplementattion. International Journal of Biochemistry, 21(8), 835–847.

Toassi, R. F. C. & Petry, P. C. (2021). Metodologia científica aplicada à área da Saúde. (2ed.) Editora da UFRGS.

Uribarri, J., et al. (2011). Restriction of advanced glycation end products improves insulin resistance in human type 2 diabetes: potential role of AGER1 and SIRT1. Diabetes Care, 34(7), 1610–1616.

Vannucchi, H., Moreira, E. A. M., Ferreira da Cunha, D., Junqueira Franco, M. V. M., Bernardes, M. M., & Alceu, A. J. (1998). Papel dos nutrientes na peroxidação lipidica. Medicina (Ribeirão Preto), 31(1), 31–44.

Vázquez, M. R. (2002) La influência de la dieta afrobaianha sobre el éstres oxidativo induzido por ejercicio físico extenuante. (Tese de doutoramento). Univeresidad de León. Espanha

Vázquez, M. R., El-Bachá, S. R., Souza, C. O., Machado T, J. B. M., Sereno R S; Villa V. J. G., & Rodrigues, L. E. A. (2011). Relações entre a dieta vegetariana o exercício físico e as enzimas antioxidantes. Revista de Nutrição, 24(3), 407–416.

Vázquez, M. R., El-Bachá, S. R., Ordas, C. A., Ribeiro, B. E., Vicente, V. J. G., & Rodrigues, L. E. A. (2006). Dieta afro-bahiana, estrés oxidativo y exercicio físico. Revista de Nutrição, 19(6), 673–683.

Vinika, L., Vuori, J., & Ylikorkala, O. (1994). Lipid peroxides, prostacycline, Nd thromboxane A2 in runners during acute exercise. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 26(3), 275–285.

Volkovová, K., Dusinská, M., & Collins, A. R. (2006). From oxidative DNA damage to molecular epidemiology. Journal of Applied Biomedicine, 4(1), 39–43. CRC Press.

Wrobel, K., Wrobel, K., Ortiz, S.J., & Escobosa, A.R.C. (2017). What are ages, their chemical structure, and how can they be Wautier, M.; Guillausseau, P.; Wautier, J. Activation of the receptor for Advanced Glycation End Products and consequences on health. Diabetes & Metabolic Syndrome: Clinical Research & Reviews, 11(4), 305–309, 2017. measured? In J. Uribarri (Ed.), Dietary Ages and Their Role in Health and Disease (pp. 3–17).

Xia, Q., Casas-Martinez, J.C., Zarzuela, E., Muñoz, J., Miranda-Vizuete, A., Goljanek-Whysall, K., & McDonagh, B. (2023). Peroxiredoxin 2 Is Required for the Redox Mediated Adaptation to Exercise. Redox Biology, 60, 102631.

Zulfahmidah, Z., & Safei, I. (2022). The Role of Reactive Oxygen Species in Muscle: Beneficial/Harmful. Green Medical Journal, 4(2), 84–92.

Published

19/05/2025

How to Cite

VÁZQUEZ, M. R.; BORDALLO, C. de O. S.; SILVA, Érica S. da; BRITO, N. F.; VELOSO, I. S. Effect of vegetarian diet and physical exercise on lipid peroxidation. Research, Society and Development, [S. l.], v. 14, n. 5, p. e6814548822, 2025. DOI: 10.33448/rsd-v14i5.48822. Disponível em: https://rsdjournal.org/index.php/rsd/article/view/48822. Acesso em: 5 jun. 2025.

Issue

Section

Health Sciences