Ocurrencia de condiciones inflamatorias pediátricas en COVID-19: una revisión integrativa
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v10i3.13242Palabras clave:
COVID-19; SARS-CoV-2; MIS-C; Enfermedad de Kawasaki; Niños.Resumen
Objetivo: integrar, recopilar y discutir los datos clínico-epidemiológicos de pacientes pediátricos que estuvieron expuestos al virus SARS-CoV-2 y desarrollaron síndromes inflamatorios multisistémicos. Metodología: La investigación se realizó en septiembre de 2020, a partir de las bases de datos electrónicas de la Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde (BVS), Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online (MEDLINE), SCOPUS, Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO) y Google Scholar. Los descriptores se organizaron en la siguiente propuesta: ((““ COVID-19 ”O“ SARS-CoV-2 ”O“ Coronavirus ”Y“ Enfermedad de Kawasaki ”Y“ Niños ”O“ Adolescente ”O“ Pediátrico ”) O (“ COVID-19 ”O“ SARS-CoV-2 ”O“ Coronavirus ”Y“ Síndrome inflamatorio multisistémico en niños ”O“ Síndrome inflamatorio multisistémico pediátrico ”Y“ Niños ”O“ Adolescente ”O“ Pediátrico ”)). Las búsquedas se delimitaron por los criterios de inclusión: idioma (inglés, portugués y español), indexación en las bases de datos y texto completo. Los criterios de exclusión fueron: estudios inadecuados, muestras duplicadas e incompatibles con el propósito de esta revisión. Resultados: Se identificaron 1.324 artículos, de los cuales solo 38 fueron incluidos en la revisión. La mayoría de los pacientes eran hombres (59%), afroamericanos (35%) con una edad promedio de 8.8 años. Se diagnosticó Síndrome inflamatorio multisistémico pediátrico en el 67% de los pacientes que presentaron principalmente fiebre (94%), síntomas gastrointestinales (65%) y posibles complicaciones cardíacas (32%), hipotensión (27%) y shock (17%). Conclusión: La información apunta a un síndrome post-viral que aparece entre dos y cuatro semanas después de la contaminación por Sars-CoV-2, aún se desconocen los impactos ocasionados, por lo que los equipos de servicios de salud deben estar atentos para enfrentar este nuevo aspecto del COVID -19.
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