Impact of social isolation caused by the COVID-19 pandemic on the mental health of the general population: An integrative review
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v10i4.14411Keywords:
SARS-CoV-2; COVID-19; Coronavirus; Mental health; Population.Abstract
Objective: to investigate the impact of the pandemic caused by COVID-19 on the mental health of the general population. Method: this is an integrative literature review, carried out by searching the PubMed, Web of Science, PsycINFO, Scopus, BVS and Scielo databases, using the descriptors "SARS-CoV-2"; "COVID-19"; "Coronavirus"; "Mental health"; "Population". 1538 articles were identified, of which 16 were included in this study. Results: The evidence found in the literature shows that individuals in social isolation are more susceptible to the stress caused by this condition and as a consequence of this social deprivation has mainly presented anxiety disorders, depressive disorders and changes in sleep quality. Feelings of anger, confusion and symptoms of post-traumatic stress were also observed, which may be associated with the period of prolonged social withdrawal, fear of contamination, frustration, lack of basic supplies, insufficient information and financial problems. Conclusion: coping with COVID-19 generated a change in society's way of life, making it necessary to prepare health services for this demand, so that there is psychological and social support and support from the general population, directing attention to the factors that trigger suffering psychic, supporting individuals in this period and in the post-pandemic.
References
Alomo, M., Gagliardi, G., Peloche, S., Somers, E., Alzina, P., & Prokopez, C. R. Efectos psicológicos de la pandemia COVID-19 en la población general de Argentina [Psychological effects during the COVID-19 outbreak in Argentina]. Rev Fac Cien Med Univ Nac Cordoba. 25;77(3):176-181. 10.31053/1853.0605
Allen, C. S., et al. (2020) Mental health outcomes associated with the COVID-19 pandemic: Prevalence and risk factors in a southern US state, Psychiatry Research, 293, 113476, 10.1016/j.psychres.2020.113476
Andrés, L. B., et al. (2020). Diferencias en función de la edad y la autopercepción del envejecimiento en ansiedad, tristeza, soledad y sintomatología comórbida ansioso-depresiva durante el confinamiento por la COVID-19, Revista Española de Geriatría y Gerontología, 55(5), 272-278. 10.1016/j.regg.2020.05.005
Ahmed, M. Z., Ahmed, O., Aibao, Z., Hanbin, S., Siyu, L., & Ahmad, A. Epidemic of COVID-19 in China and associated Psychological Problems. Asian J Psychiatr. 10.1016/j.ajp.2020.102092
Atchimson, C., Bowman, L., Vrinten, C., Redd, R., Pristera, P., Eaton, J. W., & Ward, H. (2020). Perceptions and behavioural responses of the general public during the COVID-19 pandemic: A cross-sectional survey of UK Adults. medRxiv 2020; 04.01.20050039. 10.1590/1413-81232020256.1.10472020
Barros, M. B. A., et al. (2020). Relato de tristeza/depressão, nervosismo/ansiedade e problemas de sono na população adulta brasileira durante a pandemia de COVID-19. Epidemiologia e Serviços de Saúde, 29(4), e2020427. 24, 10.1590/s1679-49742020000400018
Bezerra, A. C. V., Silva, C. E. M. D., Soares, F. R. G., & Silva, J. A. M. D. (2020). Fatores associados ao comportamento da população durante o isolamento social na pandemia de COVID-19. Ciência & Saúde Coletiva, 25, 2411-2421. 10.1590/1413-81232020256.1.10792020
Brooks, S. K., Webster, R. K., Smith, L. E., Woodland, L., Wessely, S., Greenberg, N., & Rubin, G. J. (2020). The psychological impact of quarantine and how to reduce it: rapid review of the evidence. The Lancet, 395(102227), 912-920. 10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30460-8
Chakraborty, K., & Chatterjee, M. (2020). Psychological impact of COVID-19 pandemic on general population in West Bengal: A cross-sectional study. Indian journal of psychiatry, 62(3), 266–27210.4103/psychiatry.IndianJPsychiatry_276_20
Delmastro M, & Zamariola, G. (2020). Depressive symptoms in response to COVID-19 and lockdown: a cross-sectional study on the Italian population. Scientific reports, 10(1), 22457. 10.1038/s41598-020-79850-6
Duarte, M. D. Q., Santos, M. A. D., Lima, C., Giordani, J. P., & Trentini, C. M. (2020). COVID-19 e os impactos na saúde mental: uma amostra do Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. Ciência & Saúde Coletiva, 25, 3401-3411. 10.1590/1413-81232020259.16472020
Enumo, S. R. F., Weide, J. N., Vicentini, E. C. C., Araujo, M. M., & Machado, W. L. (2020). Enfrentando o estresse em tempos de pandemia: proposição de uma Cartilha. Estudos de Psicologia (Campinas), 37, e200065. 10.1590/1982-0275202037e200065
Johnson, M. C., Saletti-Cuesta, L., & Tumas, N. (2020). Emociones, preocupaciones y reflexiones frente a la pandemia del COVID-19 en Argentina. Ciência & Saúde Coletiva, 25(Suppl. 1), 2447-2456. 10.1590/1413-81232020256.1.10472020
Hortulanus, R., Machielse M., & Meeuwesen, L. (2006). Social isolation in modern society. Routledge.
Holmes, E. A., O'Connor, R. C., Perry, V. H., Tracey, I., Wessely, S., Arseneault, L., Ballard, C., Christensen, H., Cohen Silver, R., Everall, I., Ford, T., John, A., Kabir, T., King, K., Madan, I., Michie, S., Przybylski, A. K., Shafran, R., Sweeney, A., Worthman, C. M., Yardley, L., Cowan, K., Cope, C., Hotopf, M., & Bullmore, E. Multidisciplinary research priorities for the COVID-19 pandemic: a call for action for mental health science. Lancet Psychiatry. 7(6):547-560. 10.1016/S2215-0366(20)30168-1
Lana, R. M., et al. (2020). Emergência do novo coronavírus (SARS-CoV-2) e o papel de uma vigilância nacional em saúde oportuna e efetiva. Cadernos de Saúde Pública, 36(3), e00019620. 10.1590/0102-311x00019620
Lu, P., Li, X., Lu, L., & Zhang, Y. (2020) The psychological states of people after Wuhan eased the lockdown. PLoS ONE 15(11): e0241173. 10.1371/journal.pone.0241173
Mendes, K. D. S., et al. (2008). Revisão integrativa: método de pesquisa para a incorporação de evidências na saúde e na enfermagem. Texto & Contexto - Enfermagem, 17(4), 758-764. 10.1590/S0104-07072008000400018
Moher, D., et al. The PRISMA Group (2009). Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses: The PRISMA Statement. J Clin Epidemiol. 10.1016/j.jclinepi.2009.06.005
OMS. Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic. 2020c. https://www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/novel-coronavirus-2019.
Ozamiz-Etxebarria, N., et al. (2020). Niveles de estrés, ansiedad y depresión en la primera fase del brote del COVID-19 en una muestra recogida en el norte de España. Cadernos de Saúde Pública, 36(4), e00054020. 10.1590/0102-311x00054020
Ramírez-Ortiz, J., Castro-Quintero, D., Lerma-Córdoba, C., Yela-Ceballos, F., & Escobar-Córdoba, F. (2020). Consecuencias de la pandemia COVID-19 en la Salud Mental asociadas al aislamiento social. SciELO Preprints, 1, 1–21. 10.1590/SCIELOPREPRINTS.303
Roy, D., Tripathy, S., Kar, S. K., Sharma, N., Verma, S. K., & Kaushal, V. (2020). Study of knowledge, attitude, anxiety & perceived mental healthcare need in Indian population during COVID-19 pandemic. Asian J. Psychiatry, 51(1), 1–16..1016/j.ajp.2020.102083
Rezende, J. M. (2009). À sombra do plátano: crônicas de história da medicina [online]. São Paulo: Editora Unifesp, 2009. As grandes epidemias da história. pp. 73-82. http://books.scielo.org/id/8kf92/pdf/rezende-9788561673635-08.pdf
Santos, C. M. C., et al. (2007). A estratégia PICO para a construção da pergunta de pesquisa e busca de evidências. Revista Latino-Americana de Enfermagem, 15(3), 508-511. 10.1590/S0104-11692007000300023
Shigemura, J., et al. (2020). Public responses to the novel 2019 coronavirus (2019-nCoV) in Japan: mental health consequences and target populations. Psychiatry clin. neurosci.; 4(4):281-2. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/a rticles/PMC7168047/pdf/PCN-74- 281.pdf
Wang, C., et al. (2020). A longitudinal study on the mental health of general population during the COVID-19 epidemic in China. Brain Behav Immun. 10.1016/j.bbi.2020.04.028
Wang, C., et al. (2020). Immediate Psychological Responses and Associated Factors during the Initial Stage of the 2019 Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) Epidemic among the General Population in China. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 17(5):1729. 10.3390/ijerph17051729
World Health Organization. (2020). Getting your workplace ready for COVID-19, Genebra. https://www.who.int/docs/default-source/coronaviruse/getting-workplace-ready-for-covid-19.pdf?sfvrsn=359a81e7_61
Xiao, C. (2020). A novel approach of consultation on 2019 novel coronavirus (COVID-19)-related psychological and mental problems: structured letter therapy. Psychiatry Investigation, 17(2), 175-176. 10.30773/pi.2020.0047
Zhang, J., Lu, H., Zeng, H., Zhang, S., Du, Q., Jiang, T., & Du, B. (2020). The differential psychological distress of populations affected by the COVID-19 pandemic. Brain, behavior, and immunity, 87, 49–50. 10.1016/j.bbi.2020.04.031
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2021 Priscila Carvalho Fogaça; Guilherme Anzilero Arossi; Alice Hirdes
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
1) Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
2) Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
3) Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work.
