La detección precoz de SARS-CoV-2 en las aguas residuales y su uso en el control epidemiológico de COVID-19
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v10i5.15219Palabras clave:
Epidemiología; EBAR; Salud pública; Monitoreo epidemiológico; Medicina Preventiva; Vigilancia epidemiológica.Resumen
El SARS-CoV-2 es un nuevo tipo de coronavirus capaz de infectar a los humanos y causar el síndrome respiratorio agudo severo COVID-19, una enfermedad que ha estado causando grandes impactos en todo el mundo. A menudo se ha observado que los pacientes con COVID-19, incluidos los casos leves, presintomáticos y asintomáticos, contienen fragmentos infecciosos de SARS-CoV-2 en muestras de heces y orina. Así, los estudios para detectar el nuevo coronavirus en las aguas residuales, que recolectan y concentran excrementos humanos, han sido de gran utilidad como herramienta para monitorear la diseminación del virus en las comunidades. La vigilancia, que a menudo se utiliza para desarrollar diagnósticos económicos y no invasivos sobre la circulación de sustancias químicas y contaminantes en las poblaciones, podría usarse como una alerta rápida sobre epidemias emergentes y reemergentes de COVID-19, mejorando las predicciones sobre la propagación del SARS-CoV-2 y promover el desarrollo de mejores medidas de contención viral. Además, el enfoque podría usarse para construir modelos epidemiológicos con mayor precisión, fomentar las mejores prácticas para la coordinación de recursos y la administración de vacunas, evaluar la propagación de las variantes del SARS-CoV-2 en escalas temporales y geográficas, evaluar los riesgos ambientales y también la efectividad de sistemas de desinfección. En esta revisión, discutimos los informes de detección precoz de SARS-CoV-2 en aguas residuales y la importancia de este valioso enfoque en la aplicación de intervenciones más rápidas y efectivas por parte de las autoridades de salud pública, ya sea en relación con COVID-19 o cualquier otro enfermedad epidémica en el futuro.
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