Nuevos sistemas de liberación de medicamentos uso tecnológico y reposicionamiento de cloroquina e hidroxicloroquina: Una revisión integradora
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v10i7.16589Palabras clave:
Sistemas de liberación de fármacos; Cloroquina; Hidroxicloroquina; Malaria; Terapia génica; Terapia contra el cáncer.Resumen
La cloroquina (CQ) y la hidroxicloroquina (HCQ) se han utilizado históricamente para tratar diversas afecciones que difieren de su indicación médica original. Además de su uso como antipalúdicos, estos medicamentos se utilizan para tratar trastornos autoinmunes y recientemente han llamado la atención debido a la evidencia in silico e in vitro de su actividad contra el SARS-CoV-2, hecho que ha impulsado su uso de forma apresurada en el tratamiento de COVID-19. El presente estudio tuvo como objetivo destacar los avances en la investigación relacionados con el reposicionamiento de CQ y HCQ, su uso como terapia adyuvante para el tratamiento de otras patologías y el desarrollo de nuevos sistemas de administración de fármacos. Se realizó una búsqueda en PubMed, Science Direct y Web of Science utilizando las palabras clave chloroquine, hydroxychloroquine, formulation y repositioning. Se incluyeron en la revisión artículos publicados en inglés de 2010 a 2020 que presentaban CQ o HCQ en el tratamiento de enfermedades o como componentes de formulaciones y sistemas de distribución. Se han obtenido 788 artículos, de los cuales 69 se incluyeron en el estudio después del refinamiento de la búsqueda y clasificación. Según el uso tecnológico o clínico de CQ y HCQ, estos artículos se categorizaron en cuatro grupos temáticos: malaria, terapia génica, terapia contra el cáncer y enfermedades de base inmunitaria. Además de los estudios sobre reposicionamiento de fármacos, podemos destacar los artículos con propuestas de nuevas formulaciones y sistemas de liberación de fármacos para patologías ya tratadas con este tipo de moléculas, con especial énfasis en la superación de los mecanismos de resistencia terapéutica.
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