¿Es segura la administración sistémica de extractos de árnica? Una revisión sistemática de ensayos pré-clínicos
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v10i8.17257Palabras clave:
Administración Oral; Árnica; Inyecciones intraperitoneales; Revisión sistemática; Toxicidade.Resumen
Los extractos de "árnica" se utilizan ampliamente en la medicina popular para tratar dolencias inflamatorias agudas y crónicas. Sin embargo, sus efectos tóxicos sobre el uso sistémico aún no se comprenden completamente. Por lo tanto, este trabajo proporciona una revisión sistemática sobre la seguridad de los extractos de árnica después de ensayos preclínicos que cubren su administración oral e intraperitoneal en modelos animales. En adelante se siguió la guía PRISMA y se registró el protocolo del estudio en PROSPERO (CDR42020167112). Las búsquedas se realizaron en las bases de datos PubMed (MEDLINE), Scopus, Science Direct, Web of Science (Science Citation Index) y Health Virtual Library (BVS); mientras que la herramienta Riesgo de sesgo de SYRCLE y la lista de verificación CAMARADES se utilizaron para evaluar la calidad científica. De 382 artículos, cinco estudios cumplieron los criterios de elegibilidad y se sometieron a análisis cualitativos. Los datos de toxicidad aguda se informaron en todos los artículos seleccionados y el tiempo de tratamiento fue de hasta 14 días. Además, se notificaron las siguientes especies: Solidago chilensis (categorías de peligro 4 y 5 para administración i.p y v.o, respectivamente); Solidago microglossa (categoría de peligro 3, i.p); Lychnophora trichocarpha (categoría de riesgo ≥ 4, i.p); y Lychnophora pinaster (categoría de riesgo ≥ 4, v.o). Los extractos alcohólicos presentaron un mayor potencial tóxico, el cual aumentó de manera dosis-dependiente a partir de los 100 mg / kg. Con respecto a la toxicidad específica de órganos, los artículos informaron sobre hepatotoxicidad y nefrotoxicidad después del análisis histopatológico. Sin embargo, la seguridad de S. chilensis, L. pinaster, L. trichocarpha y S. microglossa después de la administración sistémica sigue sin estar clara debido a la limitada calidad experimental de los artículos incluidos, así como a la falta de estudios de toxicidad crónica, farmacocinética y de mutagenicidad.
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