Farmacoterapia actual de náuseas y vómitos inducidos por antineoplásticos
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v10i9.18435Palabras clave:
Antagonistas del receptor 5-HT3; Antagonistas del receptor NK-1; Corticosteroide; Náuseas y vómitos inducidos por quimioterapia.Resumen
Las náuseas y los vómitos inducidos por la quimioterapia (NVIQ) son reacciones adversas comunes a los medicamentos con el uso de medicamentos contra el cáncer. Aunque existen avances en la terapia profiláctica, el manejo de los fármacos antieméticos en la práctica clínica sigue siendo un desafío por afrontar. El objetivo de este estudio fue buscar en la literatura científica las principales terapias farmacológicas utilizadas en esta patología. Se realizó una revisión sistemática, en la que se buscaron artículos científicos indexados en PubMed, ScienseDirect y Web of Science, utilizando los siguientes descriptores: quimioterapia; náusea; vómitos terapia de drogas; antagonistas del receptor de serotonina 5-HT3, antagonistas del receptor de neuroquinina-1. El grado de emetogenicidad causado por agentes antineoplásicos influye directamente en el tratamiento de las NVIQ, que incluyen antagonistas del receptor de serotonina (5-HT3) y antagonistas del receptor de neuroquinina (NK-1). Este tratamiento se puede realizar de forma individual, sin embargo, si no responde, es posible realizar la asociación entre estas dos clases. En casos más complicados, está indicada la terapia triple, que consiste en una combinación de antagonistas del receptor 5-HT3 con antagonistas del receptor NK-1 y dexametasona. Por tanto, la eficacia de la terapia antiemética aumenta en esta tríada en comparación con el tratamiento de estos fármacos de forma individual. Los antagonistas del receptor 5-HT3 de primera generación son muy eficaces; sin embargo, el palonosetrón de segunda generación es más eficaz y seguro. Una formulación de netupitant y palonosetron, cuando se administra junto con dexametasona, ha sido una buena opción para el tratamiento de las NVIQ.
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Derechos de autor 2021 Aline Kely Felício de Sousa Santos; Anaís Bezerra de Gusmão; Lucas Nóbrega de Oliveira; Richard Morrinson Couras de Carvalho; Cibério Landim Macedo
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