Enfermedad periodontal durante el embarazo: evaluación de determinantes de salud y calidad de vida en mujeres embarazadas con periodontitis

Autores/as

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v10i10.18779

Palabras clave:

Periodontitis; Embarazo; Calidad de vida; Análisis socioeconómico.

Resumen

La periodontitis en el embarazo puede estar asociada a varios determinantes de la salud y el conocimiento de estos determinantes permite un abordaje integral de las pacientes. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar los determinantes de salud y calidad de vida de mujeres embarazadas con y sin periodontitis. La muestra estuvo conformada por 128 pacientes, divididas en dos grupos: gestantes con periodontitis (GP = 64) y sin periodontitis (GSP = 64) durante el tercer trimestre de gestación. Fueron evaluados según: a) nivel socioeconómico; b) parámetros antropométricos; c) condiciones sistémicas: presencia de hipertensión arterial y diabetes mellitus; d) comportamientos en relación con la higiene bucal; y e) impacto de la salud bucal en la calidad de vida (OHIP-14). Se aplicaron las pruebas t, Mann-Whitney, Chi-cuadrado y regresión logística, considerando un nivel de significancia del 5%. GP tenía un nivel socioeconómico más bajo (P = 0,0008), un índice de masa corporal (IMC) materno alto (P = 0,0002) y un aumento de peso excesivo durante el embarazo (P = 0,008). No se observaron diferencias entre los grupos en condiciones sistémicas. Los pacientes con periodontitis tuvieron un uso diario de hilo dental bajo (P = 0,021) y un fuerte impacto en la calidad de vida en todas las dimensiones evaluadas (P < 0,05). La periodontitis en el embarazo se asoció con un IMC alto, aumento excesivo de peso durante el embarazo, bajo nivel socioeconómico, peores conductas de higiene bucal e impacto negativo en la calidad de vida.

Biografía del autor/a

Alana Luiza Trenhago Missio, University of São Paulo

Departamento de Odontopediatría, Ortodoncia y Salud Pública

Gerson Aparecido Foratori-Junior, University of São Paulo

Departamento de Odontopediatría, Ortodoncia y Salud Pública

Bruno Gualtieri Jesuino, University of São Paulo

Departamento de Odontopediatría, Ortodoncia y Salud Pública

Leonardo da Silva Máscoli, University of São Paulo

Departamento de Odontopediatría, Ortodoncia y Salud Pública

Nathália dos Santos Fusco, University of São Paulo

Departamento de Odontopediatría, Ortodoncia y Salud Pública

Rafaela Aparecida Caracho, University of São Paulo

Departamento de Odontopediatría, Ortodoncia y Salud Pública

Carla Andreotti Damante, University of São Paulo

Departamento de Prostodoncia y Periodoncia

Silvia Helena de Carvalho Sales-Peres, University of São Paulo

Departamento de Odontopediatría, Ortodoncia y Salud Pública

Citas

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Publicado

08/08/2021

Cómo citar

MISSIO, A. L. T.; FORATORI-JUNIOR, G. A.; JESUINO, B. G.; MÁSCOLI, L. da S.; FUSCO, N. dos S.; CARACHO, R. A.; DAMANTE, C. A.; SALES-PERES, S. H. de C. Enfermedad periodontal durante el embarazo: evaluación de determinantes de salud y calidad de vida en mujeres embarazadas con periodontitis. Research, Society and Development, [S. l.], v. 10, n. 10, p. e204101018779, 2021. DOI: 10.33448/rsd-v10i10.18779. Disponível em: https://rsdjournal.org/index.php/rsd/article/view/18779. Acesso em: 30 jun. 2024.

Número

Sección

Ciencias de la salud