Análisis de las intervenciones utilizadas en la prevención y el control de la hemorragia posparto: una revisión integradora de la literatura

Autores/as

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v10i16.22836

Palabras clave:

Hemorragia post parto; Prevención y control; Efectividad de las intervenciones; Enfermería obstétrica.

Resumen

La hemorragia posparto (HPP) se define como una pérdida de sangre ≥ 500 ml que ocurre dentro de las 24 horas posteriores al parto, cuando esta pérdida es superior a 1000 ml, se considera grave. La HPP se encuentra entre las principales causas de morbilidad materna grave y representa alrededor del 25% de todas las muertes de mujeres embarazadas en todo el mundo, especialmente en los países de bajos ingresos. En Brasil, se ubica como la segunda causa principal de muerte materna. Este estudio tuvo como objetivo analizar la producción científica sobre intervenciones utilizadas en la prevención y control de la hemorragia posparto. Esta fue una investigación bibliográfica de tipo revisión de literatura integradora, los estudios fueron extraídos de las bases de datos de PubMed (Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina); BVS (Biblioteca Virtual en Salud) y CINAHL (Índice acumulativo de literatura de enfermería y salud afín). Se utilizaron 14 estudios publicados en los años 2016 a 2021. El nivel de evidencia predominante fue II - ensayo clínico aleatorizado, 11 estudios obtuvieron grado de recomendación A. Los resultados concluyen que las intervenciones analizadas como efectivas para la prevención del parto post-hemorrágico fueron: oxitocina, misoprostol, carbetocina, ergometrina o metilergometrina, manejo activo en el tercer período de parto y ligadura de arteria uterina. En el control de la HPP estuvieron: ácido tranexámico, taponamiento uterino con balón (BTU) y traje antichoque no neumático (NASG).

Citas

Adnan, N., Conlan-Trant, R., Mccormick, C., Boland, F., & Murphy, D. J. (2018). Intramuscular versus intravenous oxytocin to prevent postpartum haemorrhage at vaginal delivery: randomised controlled trial. Bmj, 362, 3546.

Amornpetchakul, P., Lertbunnaphong, T., Boriboonhiransarn, D., Leetheeragul, J., Sirisomboon, R., & Jiraprasertwong, R. (2018). Intravenous carbetocin versus intravenous oxytocin for preventing atonic postpartum hemorrhage after normal vaginal delivery in high-risk singleton pregnancies: a triple-blind randomized controlled trial. Archives Of Gynecology And Obstetrics, 298(2), 319-327.

Anger, H., Dabash, R., Durocher, J., Hassanein, N., Ononge, S., Frye, L., . . . & Darwish, E. (2019). The effectiveness and safety of introducing condom‐catheter uterine balloon tamponade for postpartum haemorrhage at secondary level hospitals in Uganda, Egypt and Senegal: a stepped wedge, cluster⠰randomised trial. Bjog: An International Journal of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, 12613, 1612-1621.

Asmat, R., Ashraf, T., Asmat, S., Asmat, N., & Asmat, F. (2017). Effectiveness of Per Rectal Misoprostol Versus Intramuscular Oxytocin for Prevention of Primary Postpartum Haemorrhage. Journal Of The College Of Physicians And Surgeons, 27(1), 13-17.

Aziz, M. A. A. E., Iraqi, A., Abedi, P., & Jahanfar, S. (2018). The effect of carbetocin compared to misoprostol in management of the third stage of labor and prevention of postpartum hemorrhage: a systematic review. Systematic Reviews, 7(1), 170-177.

Begley, C. M., Devane, D., Murphy, D. J., Gyte, G. M., Mcdonald, S. J., & Mcguire, W. (2019). Active versus expectant management for women in the third stage of labour. Cochrane Database Of Systematic Reviews, 1-142.

Bi, S., Zhang, L., Chen, J., Huang, M., Huang, L., Zeng, S., . . . & Wen, Suiwen. (2021). Maternal age at first cesarean delivery related to adverse pregnancy outcomes in a second cesarean delivery: a multicenter, historical, cross-sectional cohort study. Bmc Pregnancy And Childbirth, 21, 1-10.

Bienstock, J. L., Eke, A. C., Hueppchen, N. A. (2021). Postpartum Hemorrhage. New England Journal Of Medicine, 384(17), 1635-1645.

Bork, A.M.T. (2005). Enfermagem baseada em evidencias. Rio de Janeiro: Guanabara Koonga.

Carvalho, N., Hoque, M. E., Oliver, V. L., Byrne, A., Kermode, M., Lambert, P., . . . & Morgan, A. (2020). Cost-effectiveness of inhaled oxytocin for prevention of postpartum haemorrhage: a modelling study applied to two high burden settings. Bmc Medicine, 18(1), 8-18.

Darwish, A. M., Abdallah, M. M., Shaaban, O. M., Ali, M. K., Khalaf, M., & Sabra, A. M. A. (2017). Bakri balloon versus condom-loaded Foley’s catheter for treatment of atonic postpartum hemorrhage secondary to vaginal delivery: a randomized controlled trial. The Journal Of Maternal-Fetal & Neonatal Medicine, 31(6), 747-753.

Ercole, F. F., Melo, L. S., & Alcoforado, C. L. G. C. (2014) Revisão integrativa versus revisão sistemática. Revista Mineira de Enfermagem, 18(1), 9-11.

Escobar, M. F., Pérez, P. A. F., Carvajal, J. A., Burgos, J. M., Messa, A., Echavarria, M. P., . . . & Hurtado, D. F. (2020). Impact of nonpneumatic antishock garment in the management of patients with hypoperfusion due to massive postpartum hemorrhage. The Journal Of Maternal-Fetal & Neonatal Medicine, 33(18), 3086-3090.

Feduniw, S., Warzecha, D., Szymusik, I., & Wielgos, M. (2020). Epidemiology, prevention and management of early postpartum hemorrhage — a systematic review. Ginekologia Polska, 91(1), 38-44.

Felipe, A. C. C., Ansaloni, L. V. S., Martins, M. V., Sousa, M. J. D., & Oliveira, R. A. D. (2020). Fatores assistenciais que influenciam nos altos índices de mortalidade materna por hemorragia puerperal. Revista de Divulgação Científica Sena Aires, 9(3), 551-562.

Finlayson, K., Downe, S., Vogel, J.P., & Oladapo, O. T. (2019). What matters to women and healthcare providers in relation to interventions for the prevention of postpartum haemorrhage: A qualitative systematic review. PLoS ONE, 2019. 14 (5), e0215919.

Gallos, I. D., Williams, H. M., Price, M. J., Merriel, A., Gee, H., Lissauer, D., . . . & Coomarasamy, A. (2018). Uterotonic agents for preventing postpartum haemorrhage: a network meta-analysis. Cochrane Database Of Systematic Reviews, 1-362.

Gaucher, L., Occelli, P., Deneux-Tharaux, C., Colin, C., Gaucherand, P., Touzet, S., & Dupont, C. (2019). Non-clinical interventions to prevent postpartum haemorrhage and improve its management: a systematic review. European Journal Of Obstetrics & Gynecology And Reproductive Biology, 240, 300-309.

Kellie, F. J., Wandabwa, J. N., Mousa, A. H., Weeks, A. D. (2020). Mechanical and surgical interventions for treating primary postpartum haemorrhage. Cochrane Database Of Systematic Reviews, 1-91.

Kuzume, A., Sugimi, S., Suga, S., Yamashita, H., & Yasuhi, I. (2017). The Routine Use of Prophylactic Oxytocin in the Third Stage of Labor to Reduce Maternal Blood Loss. Journal Of Pregnancy, 2017, 3274901.

Liabsuetrakul, T., Choobun, T., Islam, M., & Peeyananjarassri, K. Prophylactic use of ergot alkaloids in the third stage of labour. Cochrane Database Of Systematic Reviews, 1-62.

Lin, J., Lin, F., & Zhang, Y. (2019). Uterine artery ligation before placental delivery during caesarean in patients with placenta previa accreta. Medicine, 98(36), 16780.

Lumbreras-Marquez, M. I., Reale, S. C., Carusi, D. A., Robinson, J. N., Scharf, N., Fields, K. G., & Farber, M. K. (2020). Introduction of a Novel System for Quantitating Blood Loss After Vaginal Delivery. Anesthesia & Analgesia, 130(4), 857-868.

Maged, A. M., Waly, M., Fahmy, R. M., Dieb, A. S., Essam, A., Salah, N. M., Hussein, E. A., & Nabil, H. (2019). Carbetocin versus rectal misoprostol for management of third stage of labor among women with low risk of postpartum hemorrhage. International Journal Of Gynecology & Obstetrics, 148(2), 238-242.

Martins, A. C. S., & Silva, L. S. (2018). Perfil epidemiológico da mortalidade materna. Revista Brasileira de Enfermagem, 71, 677-683.

Mbaruku, G., Therrien, M. S., Tillya, R., Mbuyita, S., Mtema, Z., Kinyonge, I., . . . & Miller, S. (2018). Implementation project of the non-pneumatic anti-shock garment and m-communication to enhance maternal health care in rural Tanzania. Reproductive Health, 15, 177.

Meade-Treviño, P. F., Fernández-Lara, J. A., Lizaola-Díaz de Leon, H., Mendoza-Mares, R, & Grimaldo-Valenzuela, P. M. (2021). Vestuário anti-choque não pneumático: uma intervenção valiosa no tratamento de uma paciente com hemorragia obstétrica. Ginecología y Obstetricia de México, 86(3), 200-207.

Oladapo, O. T., Okusanya, B. O., & Abalos, E. (2018). Intramuscular versus intravenous prophylactic oxytocin for the third stage of labour. Cochrane Database Of Systematic Reviews, 1-37.

Oliveira, F. B. M., Costa, A. C. A. L., Alves, D. L., De França, J. F., Macedo, M. S., & Santos, R. D. (2016). Relação entre a sobrecarga de trabalho e erros de administração de medicação na assistência hospitalar. ReonFacema, 2(2):325-334.

Oliveira, R. C., & Davim, R. M. B. (2019). Prevenção e tratamento da hemorragia pós-parto. Rev Enferm Ufpe, 13, 236-248.

Pacheco, L. D., Hankins, G. D. V., Saad, A. F., Costantine, M. M., Chiossi, G., Saade, G. R. (2017). Tranexamic Acid for the Management of Obstetric Hemorrhage. Obstetrics & Gynecology, 130(4), 765-769.

Quibel, T., Ghout, I., Goffinet, F., Salomon, L. J., Fort, J., Javoise, S., . . . & Rozenberg, P. (2016). Active Management of the Third Stage of Labor With a Combination of Oxytocin and Misoprostol to Prevent Postpartum Hemorrhage. Obstetrics & Gynecology, 128, (4), 805-811.

Rangel, R. C. T., Souza, M. L., Bentes, C. M. L., Souza, A. C. R. H., Leitão, M. N. C., & Lynn, F. A. (2019). Tecnologias de cuidado para prevenção e controle da hemorragia no terceiro estágio do parto: revisão sistemática. Rev. Latino-Americana de Enfermagem, 27, 3165.

Salati, J. A., Leathersich, S. J., Williams, M. J., Cuthbert, A., & Tolosa, J. (2019). Prophylactic oxytocin for the third stage of labour to prevent postpartum haemorrhage. Cochrane Database Of Systematic Reviews, 1-95.

Sanad, A S., Mahran, A. E., Aboulfotouh, M. E., Kamel, H. H., Mohammed, H. F., Bahaa, . . . & Shawki, H. E.-D. (2018). The effect of uterine artery ligation in patients with central placenta pevia: a randomized controlled trial. Bmc Pregnancy And Childbirth, 18, 351.

Şentürk, Ş., Kağđtçđ, M., Balđk, G., Arslan, H., & Şahin, F. K. (2016). The Effect of the Combined Use of Methylergonovine and Oxytocin during Caesarean Section in the Prevention of Post-partum Haemorrhage. Basic & Clinical Pharmacology & Toxicology, 118(5), 338-343.

Suarez, S., Conde-Agudelo, A., Borovac-Pinheiro, A., Suarez-Rebling, D., Eckardt, M., Theron, G., & Burke, T. F. (2020). Uterine balloon tamponade for the treatment of postpartum hemorrhage: a systematic review and meta-analysis. American Journal Of Obstetrics And Gynecology, 222(4), 293.

Woman, T. C., Shakur, H., Roberts, I., Fawole, B., Chaudhri, R., El-Sheikh, M., . . . & Abdulkadir, A. (2017). Effect of early tranexamic acid administration on mortality, hysterectomy, and other morbidities in women with post-partum haemorrhage (WOMAN): an international, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. The Lancet, 389(10084), 2105-2116.

World Health Organization. (2018). World Health Organization multicountry survey on maternal and newborn health. Geneva: WHO.

Wu, Y., Wang, H., Wu, Q.-Y., Liang, X.-L., & Wang, J. (2020). A meta-analysis of the effects of intramuscular and intravenous injection of oxytocin on the third stage of labor. Archives Of Gynecology And Obstetrics, 301(3), 643-653.

Publicado

11/12/2021

Cómo citar

RABÊLO, M. T. S. .; COSTA, A. C. M. da .; SILVA , A. K. P. da .; ARAÚJO, J. S. de .; SILVA, K. K. de A. .; COELHO, L. B. de S.; SILVA, E. B. da .; COÊLHO , L. P. I. .; SILVA, J. S. da .; SILVA , A. B. F. da .; COIMBRA, L. L. M. .; FERREIRA , R. N. .; SANTOS, P. V. M. .; MESQUITA, E. da S. .; BELARMINO, J. R. . Análisis de las intervenciones utilizadas en la prevención y el control de la hemorragia posparto: una revisión integradora de la literatura. Research, Society and Development, [S. l.], v. 10, n. 16, p. e185101622836, 2021. DOI: 10.33448/rsd-v10i16.22836. Disponível em: https://rsdjournal.org/index.php/rsd/article/view/22836. Acesso em: 22 nov. 2024.

Número

Sección

Revisiones