Factores relacionados con la productividad y longevidad de genotipos de alfalfa (Medicago sativa) con diferentes niveles de latencia: una revisión
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v11i1.24473Palabras clave:
Alfafa; Dossel forrajero; Fenología; Persistencia.Resumen
El potencial productivo y nutricional de la alfalfa la convierte en la leguminosa forrajera más utilizada a nivel mundial. Este amplio uso lleva a los programas de mejoramiento genético a seleccionar cada vez más las principales necesidades de una determinada condición edafoclimática. Sin embargo, en Brasil, la investigación sobre el mejoramiento genético de la alfalfa ha sido limitada a lo largo de los años, lo que ha obstaculizado la producción de esta especie y el dominio de otras leguminosas en la producción animal, como el estilo y el gandul. Esta revisión de la literatura tuvo como objetivo presentar resultados de países como Nueva Zelanda y Australia que lideran el ranking mundial, además de Argentina, en el cultivo de esta especie y que puedan ser utilizados como vitrinas para entender el manejo de la alfalfa. A partir de extensos análisis bibliométricos en el período comprendido entre 1963 y 2021, variables como perennidad y filocrón en estos países indican que es posible producir alfalfa con similar productividad, longevidad y calidad en Brasil. Sin embargo, para apalancar esta producción, no solo se debe apuntar al mejoramiento genético, sino también a la investigación y difusión del conocimiento sobre el manejo ideal de la defoliación y, principalmente, sobre la elección del cultivar y nivel de latencia a cultivar por parte del productor.
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Derechos de autor 2022 Sarah Maria Hoppen; Marcela Abbado Neres; Derrick Moot
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