Diagnóstico de COVID-19 em laboratórios de análisis clínicos

Autores/as

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v11i1.25286

Palabras clave:

Diagnóstico; COVID-19; Laboratorio de Análisis Clínicos.

Resumen

A partir de diciembre de 2019, una nueva pandemia asola el mundo. El agente responsable de la nueva enfermedad es el coronavirus del síndrome respiratorio agudo severo 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Sin descanso, se ha iniciado una carrera contrarreloj para identificar y descifrar el genoma del coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) con el fin de perfeccionar su diagnóstico. Por tratarse de un problema de salud, el laboratorio de análisis clínicos se convirtió en una pieza clave en el diagnóstico porque está presente en la mayoría de las ciudades brasileñas. Por lo tanto, el objetivo de esta revisión bibliográfica era demostrar qué tipos de pruebas diagnósticas puede realizar el laboratorio de análisis clínicos. La metodología utilizada fue una investigación bibliográfica a partir de fuentes secundarias, utilizando las bases de datos ScienceDirect y Pubmed. La encuesta mostró que el diagnóstico de COVID-19 puede basarse en: biomarcadores correlacionados con el propio virus (material genético), siendo la prueba de referencia el ensayo de reacción en cadena de la polimerasa con transcripción inversa (RT-PCR) en tiempo real; en las moléculas derivadas de la respuesta inmunitaria contra los antígenos virales (producción de anticuerpos) mediante pruebas serológicas (inmunoensayos enzimáticos, micropartícula quimioluminiscente, fluorescencia y flujo lateral) y, en los cambios en la concentración de biomarcadores de órganos afectados por el virus (marcadores inflamatorios, marcadores de la función renal y hepática, etc.). Así, ante el aumento del número de casos y la aparición de nuevas variantes, es de suma importancia difundir el conocimiento y destacar la importancia de los laboratorios clínicos en la vida cotidiana de las comunidades, ante una pandemia.

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Publicado

13/01/2022

Cómo citar

FIGUEIREDO, S. A.; PAULA, F. B. de A. Diagnóstico de COVID-19 em laboratórios de análisis clínicos. Research, Society and Development, [S. l.], v. 11, n. 1, p. e49511125286, 2022. DOI: 10.33448/rsd-v11i1.25286. Disponível em: https://rsdjournal.org/index.php/rsd/article/view/25286. Acesso em: 24 nov. 2024.

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