Efecto de la estimulación eléctrica sobre la curación de heridas cutáneas en Wistar: ¿hay algún protocolo a seguir? (Revisión de estudios experimentales)

Autores/as

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v11i1.25295

Palabras clave:

Estimulación; Cicatrización de la herida; Wistar.

Resumen

Se ha demostrado que la estimulación eléctrica tiene efectos beneficiosos sobre el proceso de curación de heridas en la piel en ratas Wistar. Es importante evaluar los efectos de la estimulación eléctrica en la reparación de heridas para asegurarse de que su práctica esté optimizada. Objetivo: Este artículo de revisión es evaluar la respuesta de curación en ratas Wistar tratadas con microcorriente. Material y método: Se realizó una búsqueda en las bases de datos electrónicas PubMed entre 1966 y enero de 2021, Lilacs entre 1982 y enero de 2021 y SciELO, utilizando los descriptores "Estimulación eléctrica", "Cicatrización de heridas" y "Wistar", los cuales fueron seleccionados según a los Descriptores de Ciencias de la Salud Los criterios de inclusión consistieron en estudios con animales Wistar, tratados con estimulación eléctrica y publicados en inglés o portugués. Resultados: Se seleccionaron seis estudios que sugirieron que la corriente eléctrica puede estimular la curación, el crecimiento y la regeneración. Hubo un pequeño número de artículos relacionados con la estimulación eléctrica en el proceso de cicatrización de heridas, así como una falta de estandarización en los parámetros utilizados en estos artículos, lo que aún imposibilita una revisión sistemática. También existe consenso en la preocupación por la necesidad de estandarizar las dosis utilizadas, ya que cada autor defiende su aplicabilidad. Conclusión: A pesar de la falta de estandarización de parámetros para el tratamiento de heridas en general con estimulación eléctrica en ratas Wistar, los análisis morfológicos e histológicos muestran una respuesta efectiva en la reparación tisular en heridas sometidas a aplicaciones de microcorriente en diferentes períodos de tratamiento.

Citas

Agne, J. E. (2004). Eletrotermoterapia teoria e prática. Pallotti.

Alvarez, O. M., Mertz, P.. M., Smerbeck, R. V., & Eaglstein, W. H. (1983). The healing of superficial skin wounds is stimulated by external electrical current.

Journal of Investigative Dermatology, 81(2), 144–148. doi: 10.1111/1523-1747.ep12543498. Retrieved July 22, 2015, from https://www.jidonline.org/article/S0022-202X(15)43152-5/pdf.

Balakatounis, K. C., & Angoules, A. G. (2008). Low-intensity electrical stimulation in wound healing: Review of the efficacy of externally applied currents resembling the current of injury. Eplasty, 8, 283-291. Retrieved July 22, 2015, from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2396465/pdf/eplasty08e28.pdf.

Borges, F. S. (2006). Modalidades terapêuticas nas disfunções estéticas. Phorte.

Byl, N. N, McKenzie, A. L, West, J. M., Whitney, J. D., Hunt, T. K, Hopf, H. W., & Scheuenstuhl, H. (1994). Pulsed microamperage stimulation: a controlled study of healing of surgically induced wounds in Yucatan pigs. Phsical Therapy, 74(3), 201-213. doi: 10.1093/ptj/74.3.201. a Retrieved July 22, 2015, from https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8115454/. PMID: 8115454 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE].

Cardoso, M. P., Albuquerque, A. O., Girão, V. C., Pompeu, M. M., Silva, C. I., Azevedo, O. G., Guimarães, S. B., & Vasconcelos, P. R. (2015). Preconditioning with mono and polyunsaturated fatty acids and low-intensity electrical stimulation. Effects on skin repair in rats. Acta Cirúrgica Brasileira., 30 (2), 107-114. doi: 10.1590/S0102-86502015002000004. Retrieved May 25, 2016, from http://www.scielo.br/pdf/acb/v30n2/0102-8650-acb-30-02-00107.pdf.

Carley, P. G., & Wainapel, S. F. (1985). Electrotherapy for accelerations of wound healing: Low intensity direct current. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, 66(7), 443-446. Retrieved May 22, 2015, from https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3893385/. PMID: 3893385 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE].

Castro, F. C.; Magre, A.; Cherpinski, R.; Zelante, P. M.; Neves, L. M.; Esquisatto, M. A.; Mendonça, F. A., & Santos, G. M. (2012). Effects of microcurrent application alone or in combination with topical Hypericum perforatum L. and Arnica montana L. on surgically induced wound healing in Wistar rats. Homeopathy, 101(3), 147–153. doi: 10.1016/j.homp.2012.05.006. Retrieved May 22, 2015, from http://www.homeopathyjournal.net/article.

Cheng, N., Van Hoof, H., Bockx, E., Hoogmartens, M. J., Mulier, J. C., De Dijcker, F. J., Sansen, W. M., & De Loecker, W. (1982). The effects of electrical currents on ATP regeneration, protein synthesis, and membrane transport in rat skin. Clinical Orthopedics and Related Research, (171), 264-272, 1982. Retrieved May 23, 2015, from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed. PMID: 7140077 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE.

Ciccone, Cde C., Zuzzi, D. C., Neves, L. M. G., Mendonça, J. S., Joazeiro, P. P., & Esquisatto, M. A. M. (2013). Effects of microcurrent stimulation on hyaline cartilage repair in immature male rats (Rattus novergicus). BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 13, 1-9. doi: 10.1186/1472-6882-13-17. Retrieved July 21, 2015, from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3554581/pdf/1472-6882-13-17.pdf.

Demir, H., Balay,, H. & Kirap, M. (2004). A comparative study of the effects of electrical stimulation and laser treatament on experimental wound healing in rats. Journal of Rehabilitation Research & Development, 41(2), 147–154. doi: 10.1682/jrrd.2004.02.0147. Retrieved May 27, 2015, from https://www.rehab.research.va.gov/jour/04/41/2/pdf/Demir.pdf. PMID: 15558369 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE].

Freitas, R. P., Macedo, A. B., Oliveira, A. R., Ramos, A. M., & Vieira, W. H. (2014). Comparative study of Low-level laser therapy and icrocurrent on the healing of skin burns in rats. Acta Scientiarum. Health Sciences, 36(1),5-10. doi: 10.4025/actascihealthsci.v36i1.14668. Retrieved May 25, 2015, from https://periodicos.uem.br/ojs/index.php/ActaSciHealthSci/article/view/14668.

Gaspi. F. O., Foglio, M. A., Carvalho, J. E., Santos, G. M., Testa, M., Passarini JR, J.R., Moraes, C. P., Esquisatto, M. A., Mendonça, J. S., & Mendonça, F. A. (2011). Effects of the Topical Aplication of Hydroalcohlic Leaf Extract of Oncidium flexuosum Sims. (Orchidaceae) and Microcurrent on the Healing of Wounds Surgically Imduced in Wistar Rats. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 2011, ID 950347. doi: 10.1155/2011/950347. Retrieved May 23, 2015, from http://www.hindawi.com/journals/ecam/2011/950347/.

Guirro, E. (2002). Fisioterapia dermato-funcional. fundamentos, recursos, patologias (3rd. ed. ). Manole.

Konikoff, J. J. (1976). . Eletrical promotion of soft tissue repairs. Annals of Biomedical Engineering, 4(1), 1-5. doi: 10.1007/BF02363553. Retrieved July 21, 2015, from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed. PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE.

Leffmann, D. J., Arnall, D. A., Holmgren, P. R., & Cornwall, M. W. (1994). Effect of microamperage stimulation on the rate of wound healing in rats: A histological study. Phsical therapy, 74(3), 195–200. doi: 10.1093/ptj/74.3.195. Retrieved May 25, 2015, from https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8115453/. PMID: 8115453 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

Medonça, F. A., Passarini Junior, J. R., Esquisato, M. A., Mendonça, J. S., Franchini, C. C., & Santos, G. M. (2009). Effects of the application of Aloe vera (L.) and microcurrent on the healing of wounds surgically induced in Wistar rats. Acta Cirúrgica Brasileira, 24(2), 150-155. doi: 10.1590/s0102-86502009000200013. Retrieved May 23, 2015, from https://www.scielo.br/j/acb/a/BsJkSzTpcFWtLvg84Pf6FTh/?format=pdf&lang=en.

Passarini-Junior, J. R., Gaspi, F. O., Neves, L. M., Esquisatto, M. A., Santos, G. M., & Mendonça, F. A. (2012). Aplication of Jatropha curcas L. seed oil (Euphorbiaceae) and microcurrent on the healing of experimental wounds in wistar rats. Acta Cirúrgica Brasileira, 27(7), 441- 447. doi: 10.1590/s0102-86502012000700002. Retrieved May 23, 2015, from https://www.scielo.br/j/acb/a/Bypd8CWjJkfH3Nzg9whLpnS/?format=pdf&lang=en.

Reger, I. S., Hyodo, A., Negami, S., Kambic, H. E., & Sahgal, V. (1999). Experimental wound healing with electrical stimulation. Blackwell Science, 23(5), 460-462. doi: 10.1046/j.1525-1594.1999.06365.x. Retrieved July 30, 2015, from https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10378943/. [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE].

Santos, V. N., Ferreira, L. M., Horibe, E. K., Duarte. I. S. (2004). Electric Microcurrent in the Restoration of the Skin Undergone a Trichloroacetic Acid Peeling in Rats. Acta Cirurgica Brasileira, 19(5), 466-470. doi.org/10.1590/S0102-86502004000500003. Retrieved May 30, 2015, from http://www.scielo.br/pdf/acb/v19n5/a03v19n5.pdf.

Taskan, I., Ozyazgan, I., Tercan, M., Kardas, Y., Balkanli, S., Saraymen, R., Zorlu, U., & Ozugul, Y. (1997). A comparative study of the effect of ultrasound and electrostimulation on wound healing in rats. Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, 100(4), 966–972. doi: 10.1097/00006534-199709001-00020. Retrieved May 22, 2015, from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed. PMID: 9290665 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

Watson T. (1994). The bioelectric correlates of musculoskeletical injury and repair [tesis of doctoral, University of Surrey, Guildford]. Retrieved July 24, 2015, from https://www.proquest.com/openview/95ecf37455def143d286e48977026df3/1?pq-origsite=gscholar&cbl=2026366&diss=y.

Wolf, A. A. Injury currents: Their electrical and mathematical properties in wound healing. Proceedings of the 12th Northeast Bioengineering Conference, New York, NY, IEEE …, 1986. 4, 1986.

Zuzzi, D. C., Ciccone, Cde C., Neves, L. M., Mendonça, J. S,, Joazeiro, P. P., & Esquisatto, M. A.(2013). Evaluation of the effects of electrical stimulation on cartilage repair in adult male rats. Tissue and Cell, 45(4), 275-281. doi: 10.1016/j.tice.2013.02.003. Retrieved July 25, 2015, from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed.

- GASPI FOG.; FOGLIO MA.; CARVALHO JE.; SANTOS GMT.; TESTA M.; JR JRP.; MORAES CP.; ESQUISATTO MAM.; MENDONÇA JS.; MENDONÇA FAS. Effects of the Topical Aplication of Hydroalcohlic Leaf Extract of Oncidium flexuosum Sims. (Orchidaceae) and Microcurrent on the Healing of Wounds Surgically Imduced in Wistar Rats. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine. v. 1-9:ID 950347. 2011. Disponível em: http://www.hindawi.com/journals/ecam/2011/950347/. Acesso em 23 de maio. 2015. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2011/950347.

- CARLEY, PG. & WAINAPEL, SF. Electrotherapy for accelerations of wounnd healing: Low intensity direct current. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation. v. 66: p. 443-446, 1985. Disponível em: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed. Acesso em 23 de maio. 2015. PMID: 3893385 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE].

– CHENG N.; VAN HOOF H.; BOCKX E.; HOOGMARTENS MJ.; MULIER JC.; DE DIJCKER FJ.; SANSEN WM.; DE LOECKER W. The effects of electrical currents on ATP regeneration, protein synthesis, and membrane transport in rat skin. Clinical Orthopedics and Related Research. v. 171: p. 264-271, 1982. Disponível em: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed. Acesso em 23 de maio. 2015. PMID: 7140077 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE.

- TASKAN I.; OZYAZGAN I.; TERCAN M.; KARDAS Y.; BALKANLI S.; SARAYMEN R.; ZORLU U.; OZUGUL Y. A Comparative Study of the Effect of Ultrasound and Electrostimulation on Wound Healing in Rats. Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery. v. 100: p. 966 – 972, 1997. Disponível em: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed. Acesso em maio. 2015. PMID: 9290665 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

- DEMIR H.; BALAY H.; KIRAP M. A comparative study of the effects of electrical stimulation and laser treatament on experimental wound healing in rats. Journal of Rehabilitation Research & Development. v.; 41: p.147 – 154, 2004. Disponível em: http://www.rehab.research.va.gov/jour/04/41/2/Demir.html. Acesso em maio. 2015. PMID: 15558369 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE].

- LEFFMANN DJ.; ARNALL DA.; HOLMGREN PR.; CORNWALL MW. Effect of microamperage stimulation on the rate of wound healing in rats: A histological study. Phsical therapy. v. 74: p. 195 – 200, 1994. Disponível em: http://ptjournal.apta.org/content/74/3/195.full.pdf. Acesso em maio. 2015. PMID: 8115453 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

– CARDOSO MP.; ALBUQUERQUE AO.; GIRÃO VC.; POMPEU MM.; SILVA CI.; AZEVEDO OG.; GUIMARÃES SB.; VASCONCELOS PR. Preconditioning with mono and polyunsaturated fatty acids and low-intensity electrical stimulation. Effects on skin repair in rats. Acta Cirúrgica Brasileira. v. 30 (2): p. 107- 114, 2015. Dinponível em: http://www.scielo.br/pdf/acb/v30n2/0102-8650-acb-30-02-00107.pdf. Acesso em maio. 2015. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0102-86502015002000004.

- SANTOS VNS.; FERREIRA LM.; HORIBE EK.; DUARTE IS. Electric Microcurrent in the Restoration of the Skin Undergone a Trichloroacetic Acid Peeling in Rats. Acta Cirurgica Brasileira. v. 19: p. 466-470, 2004. Disponível em: http://www.scielo.br/pdf/acb/v19n5/a03v19n5.pdf. Acesso em maio. 2015. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0102-86502004000500003.

– FREITAS RPA.; MACEDO AB.; OLIVEIRA AR.; RAMOS AMO.; VIEIRA WHB. Comparative study of Low-level laser therapy and icrocurrent on the healing of skin burns in rats. Acta Scientiarum. Health Sciences. v. 36: p. 5 - 10, 2014. Disponível em: http://www.uem.br/acta. Acesso em maio. 2015. Doi: 0.4025/actascihealthsci.v36i1.14668.

- ALVAREZ OM. A cura de feridas superficiais da pele é estimulada pela corrente elétrica externa. Journal of Investigative Dermatology. V: 81, p. 144 - 148, 1983.

- GUIRRO E. Fisioterapia Dermato-Funcional. Fundamentos, recursos, patologias. 3. ed. São Paulo: Manole, 2002.

– WATSON T. The bioelectric correlates of musculoskeletical injury and repair. 1995. 261f. Thesis (PhD)–University of Surrey, 1995.

– WOLF AA. Injury currents: their electrical and mathematical properties in wound healing. ANNUAL NORTHEAST BIOENGINEERING CONF, IEEE 12, 1., 1986, New York.

– AGNE JE. Eletrotermoterapia teoria e prática. Santa Maria: Pallotti, 2004.

– BORGES FS. Modalidades terapêuticas nas disfunções estéticas . São Paulo: Phorte, 2006.

– REGER IS.; HYODO A.; NEGAMI S.; KAMBIC HE.; SAHGAL V. Experimental wound healing with electrical stimulation. Blackwell Science. v. 23: p. 460-462, 1999. Disponível em: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed PMID: 0378943 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]. Acesso em 21 de julho. 2015.

- BALAKATOUNIS KC.; ANGOULES AG. Low-intensity electrical stimulation in wound healing: Review of the efficacy of externally applied currents resembling the current of injury. journal of plastic surgery. v. 8: p. 83-290, 2008. Disponível em: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/article/PMC2396465. Acesso em 21 de julho de 2015.

– DE CAMPOS CICCONE CC.; ZUZZI DC.; NEVES LMG.; MENDONÇA JS.; JOAZEIRO PP.; ESQUISATTO MAM. Effects of microcurrent stimulation on hyaline cartilage repair in immature male rats (Rattus novergicus). Complementary & alternative Medicine. v. 13: p. 1-9, 2013. Disponível em: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed. Acesso em 21 de julho de 2015. DOI: 10.1186/1472-6882-13-17.

- Byl NN, McKenzie AL, West JM, Whitney JD, Hunt TK, Hopf HW, Scheuenstuhl H. Pulsed microamperage stimulation: a controlled study of healing of surgically induced wounds in Yucatan pigs. Phsical therapy. v. 74: p. 201-213. Disponível em:

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed . Acesso em 21 de julho de 2015. PMID: 8115454 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE].

- Zuzzi DC, Ciccone Cde C, Neves LM, Mendonça JS, Joazeiro PP, Esquisatto MA. Evaluation of the effects of electrical stimulation on cartilage repair in adult male rats. Elsevier. v. 45: p. 275-281, 2013. Disponível em: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed. Acesso em 21 de julho de 2015. DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2013.02.003.

– KONIKOFF. Eletrical promotion of soft tissue repairs. Annals of biomedical engineering. v. 4: p. 1-5, 1976. Disónível em: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed. Acesso em 21 de julho de 2015. PMID: 1084717 PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE.

- GASPI FOG.; FOGLIO MA.; CARVALHO JE.; SANTOS GMT.; TESTA M.; JR JRP.; MORAES CP.; ESQUISATTO MAM.; MENDONÇA JS.; MENDONÇA FAS. Effects of the Topical Aplication of Hydroalcohlic Leaf Extract of Oncidium flexuosum Sims. (Orchidaceae) and Microcurrent on the Healing of Wounds Surgically Imduced in Wistar Rats. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine. v. 1-9:ID 950347. 2011. Disponível em: http://www.hindawi.com/journals/ecam/2011/950347/. Acesso em 23 de maio. 2015. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2011/950347.

- CARLEY, PG. & WAINAPEL, SF. Electrotherapy for accelerations of wounnd healing: Low intensity direct current. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation. v. 66: p. 443-446, 1985. Disponível em: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed. Acesso em 23 de maio. 2015. PMID: 3893385 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE].

– CHENG N.; VAN HOOF H.; BOCKX E.; HOOGMARTENS MJ.; MULIER JC.; DE DIJCKER FJ.; SANSEN WM.; DE LOECKER W. The effects of electrical currents on ATP regeneration, protein synthesis, and membrane transport in rat skin. Clinical Orthopedics and Related Research. v. 171: p. 264-271, 1982. Disponível em: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed. Acesso em 23 de maio. 2015. PMID: 7140077 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE.

- TASKAN I.; OZYAZGAN I.; TERCAN M.; KARDAS Y.; BALKANLI S.; SARAYMEN R.; ZORLU U.; OZUGUL Y. A Comparative Study of the Effect of Ultrasound and Electrostimulation on Wound Healing in Rats. Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery. v. 100: p. 966 – 972, 1997. Disponível em: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed. Acesso em maio. 2015. PMID: 9290665 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

- DEMIR H.; BALAY H.; KIRAP M. A comparative study of the effects of electrical stimulation and laser treatament on experimental wound healing in rats. Journal of Rehabilitation Research & Development. v.; 41: p.147 – 154, 2004. Disponível em: http://www.rehab.research.va.gov/jour/04/41/2/Demir.html. Acesso em maio. 2015. PMID: 15558369 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE].

- LEFFMANN DJ.; ARNALL DA.; HOLMGREN PR.; CORNWALL MW. Effect of microamperage stimulation on the rate of wound healing in rats: A histological study. Phsical therapy. v. 74: p. 195 – 200, 1994. Disponível em: http://ptjournal.apta.org/content/74/3/195.full.pdf. Acesso em maio. 2015. PMID: 8115453 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

– CARDOSO MP.; ALBUQUERQUE AO.; GIRÃO VC.; POMPEU MM.; SILVA CI.; AZEVEDO OG.; GUIMARÃES SB.; VASCONCELOS PR. Preconditioning with mono and polyunsaturated fatty acids and low-intensity electrical stimulation. Effects on skin repair in rats. Acta Cirúrgica Brasileira. v. 30 (2): p. 107- 114, 2015. Dinponível em: http://www.scielo.br/pdf/acb/v30n2/0102-8650-acb-30-02-00107.pdf. Acesso em maio. 2015. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0102-86502015002000004.

- SANTOS VNS.; FERREIRA LM.; HORIBE EK.; DUARTE IS. Electric Microcurrent in the Restoration of the Skin Undergone a Trichloroacetic Acid Peeling in Rats. Acta Cirurgica Brasileira. v. 19: p. 466-470, 2004. Disponível em: http://www.scielo.br/pdf/acb/v19n5/a03v19n5.pdf. Acesso em maio. 2015. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0102-86502004000500003.

– FREITAS RPA.; MACEDO AB.; OLIVEIRA AR.; RAMOS AMO.; VIEIRA WHB. Comparative study of Low-level laser therapy and icrocurrent on the healing of skin burns in rats. Acta Scientiarum. Health Sciences. v. 36: p. 5 - 10, 2014. Disponível em: http://www.uem.br/acta. Acesso em maio. 2015. Doi: 0.4025/actascihealthsci.v36i1.14668.

- ALVAREZ OM. A cura de feridas superficiais da pele é estimulada pela corrente elétrica externa. Journal of Investigative Dermatology. V: 81, p. 144 - 148, 1983.

- GUIRRO E. Fisioterapia Dermato-Funcional. Fundamentos, recursos, patologias. 3. ed. São Paulo: Manole, 2002.

– WATSON T. The bioelectric correlates of musculoskeletical injury and repair. 1995. 261f. Thesis (PhD)–University of Surrey, 1995.

– WOLF AA. Injury currents: their electrical and mathematical properties in wound healing. ANNUAL NORTHEAST BIOENGINEERING CONF, IEEE 12, 1., 1986, New York.

– AGNE JE. Eletrotermoterapia teoria e prática. Santa Maria: Pallotti, 2004.

– BORGES FS. Modalidades terapêuticas nas disfunções estéticas . São Paulo: Phorte, 2006.

– REGER IS.; HYODO A.; NEGAMI S.; KAMBIC HE.; SAHGAL V. Experimental wound healing with electrical stimulation. Blackwell Science. v. 23: p. 460-462, 1999. Disponível em: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed PMID: 0378943 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]. Acesso em 21 de julho. 2015.

- BALAKATOUNIS KC.; ANGOULES AG. Low-intensity electrical stimulation in wound healing: Review of the efficacy of externally applied currents resembling the current of injury. journal of plastic surgery. v. 8: p. 83-290, 2008. Disponível em: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/article/PMC2396465. Acesso em 21 de julho de 2015.

– DE CAMPOS CICCONE CC.; ZUZZI DC.; NEVES LMG.; MENDONÇA JS.; JOAZEIRO PP.; ESQUISATTO MAM. Effects of microcurrent stimulation on hyaline cartilage repair in immature male rats (Rattus novergicus). Complementary & alternative Medicine. v. 13: p. 1-9, 2013. Disponível em: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed. Acesso em 21 de julho de 2015. DOI: 10.1186/1472-6882-13-17.

- Byl NN, McKenzie AL, West JM, Whitney JD, Hunt TK, Hopf HW, Scheuenstuhl H. Pulsed microamperage stimulation: a controlled study of healing of surgically induced wounds in Yucatan pigs. Phsical therapy. v. 74: p. 201-213. Disponível em:

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed . Acesso em 21 de julho de 2015. PMID: 8115454 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE].

- Zuzzi DC, Ciccone Cde C, Neves LM, Mendonça JS, Joazeiro PP, Esquisatto MA. Evaluation of the effects of electrical stimulation on cartilage repair in adult male rats. Elsevier. v. 45: p. 275-281, 2013. Disponível em: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed. Acesso em 21 de julho de 2015. DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2013.02.003.

– KONIKOFF. Eletrical promotion of soft tissue repairs. Annals of biomedical engineering. v. 4: p. 1-5, 1976. Disónível em: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed. Acesso em 21 de julho de 2015. PMID: 1084717 PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE.

Agne, J. E. (2004). Eletrotermoterapia teoria e prática. Pallotti.

Alvarez, O. M., Mertz, P.. M., Smerbeck, R. V., & Eaglstein, W. H. (1983). The healing of superficial skin wounds is stimulated by external electrical current.

Journal of Investigative Dermatology, 81(2), 144–148. doi: 10.1111/1523-1747.ep12543498. Retrieved July 22, 2015, from https://www.jidonline.org/article/S0022-202X(15)43152-5/pdf.

Balakatounis, K. C., & Angoules, A. G. (2008). Low-intensity electrical stimulation in wound healing: Review of the efficacy of externally applied currents resembling the current of injury. Eplasty, 8, 283-291. Retrieved July 22, 2015, from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2396465/pdf/eplasty08e28.pdf.

Borges, F. S. (2006). Modalidades terapêuticas nas disfunções estéticas. Phorte.

Byl, N. N, McKenzie, A. L, West, J. M., Whitney, J. D., Hunt, T. K, Hopf, H. W., & Scheuenstuhl, H. (1994). Pulsed microamperage stimulation: a controlled study of healing of surgically induced wounds in Yucatan pigs. Phsical Therapy, 74(3), 201-213. doi: 10.1093/ptj/74.3.201. a Retrieved July 22, 2015, from https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8115454/. PMID: 8115454 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE].

Cardoso, M. P., Albuquerque, A. O., Girão, V. C., Pompeu, M. M., Silva, C. I., Azevedo, O. G., Guimarães, S. B., & Vasconcelos, P. R. (2015). Preconditioning with mono and polyunsaturated fatty acids and low-intensity electrical stimulation. Effects on skin repair in rats. Acta Cirúrgica Brasileira., 30 (2), 107-114. doi: 10.1590/S0102-86502015002000004. Retrieved May 25, 2016, from http://www.scielo.br/pdf/acb/v30n2/0102-8650-acb-30-02-00107.pdf.

Carley, P. G., & Wainapel, S. F. (1985). Electrotherapy for accelerations of wound healing: Low intensity direct current. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, 66(7), 443-446. Retrieved May 22, 2015, from https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3893385/. PMID: 3893385 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE].

Castro, F. C.; Magre, A.; Cherpinski, R.; Zelante, P. M.; Neves, L. M.; Esquisatto, M. A.; Mendonça, F. A., & Santos, G. M. (2012). Effects of microcurrent application alone or in combination with topical Hypericum perforatum L. and Arnica montana L. on surgically induced wound healing in Wistar rats. Homeopathy, 101(3), 147–153. doi: 10.1016/j.homp.2012.05.006. Retrieved May 22, 2015, from http://www.homeopathyjournal.net/article.

Cheng, N., Van Hoof, H., Bockx, E., Hoogmartens, M. J., Mulier, J. C., De Dijcker, F. J., Sansen, W. M., & De Loecker, W. (1982). The effects of electrical currents on ATP regeneration, protein synthesis, and membrane transport in rat skin. Clinical Orthopedics and Related Research, (171), 264-272, 1982. Retrieved May 23, 2015, from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed. PMID: 7140077 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE.

Ciccone, Cde C., Zuzzi, D. C., Neves, L. M. G., Mendonça, J. S., Joazeiro, P. P., & Esquisatto, M. A. M. (2013). Effects of microcurrent stimulation on hyaline cartilage repair in immature male rats (Rattus novergicus). BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 13, 1-9. doi: 10.1186/1472-6882-13-17. Retrieved July 21, 2015, from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3554581/pdf/1472-6882-13-17.pdf.

Demir, H., Balay,, H. & Kirap, M. (2004). A comparative study of the effects of electrical stimulation and laser treatament on experimental wound healing in rats. Journal of Rehabilitation Research & Development, 41(2), 147–154. doi: 10.1682/jrrd.2004.02.0147. Retrieved May 27, 2015, from https://www.rehab.research.va.gov/jour/04/41/2/pdf/Demir.pdf. PMID: 15558369 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE].

Freitas, R. P., Macedo, A. B., Oliveira, A. R., Ramos, A. M., & Vieira, W. H. (2014). Comparative study of Low-level laser therapy and icrocurrent on the healing of skin burns in rats. Acta Scientiarum. Health Sciences, 36(1),5-10. doi: 10.4025/actascihealthsci.v36i1.14668. Retrieved May 25, 2015, from https://periodicos.uem.br/ojs/index.php/ActaSciHealthSci/article/view/14668.

Gaspi. F. O., Foglio, M. A., Carvalho, J. E., Santos, G. M., Testa, M., Passarini JR, J.R., Moraes, C. P., Esquisatto, M. A., Mendonça, J. S., & Mendonça, F. A. (2011). Effects of the Topical Aplication of Hydroalcohlic Leaf Extract of Oncidium flexuosum Sims. (Orchidaceae) and Microcurrent on the Healing of Wounds Surgically Imduced in Wistar Rats. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 2011, ID 950347. doi: 10.1155/2011/950347. Retrieved May 23, 2015, from http://www.hindawi.com/journals/ecam/2011/950347/.

Guirro, E. (2002). Fisioterapia dermato-funcional. fundamentos, recursos, patologias (3rd. ed. ). Manole.

Konikoff, J. J. (1976). . Eletrical promotion of soft tissue repairs. Annals of Biomedical Engineering, 4(1), 1-5. doi: 10.1007/BF02363553. Retrieved July 21, 2015, from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed. PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE.

Leffmann, D. J., Arnall, D. A., Holmgren, P. R., & Cornwall, M. W. (1994). Effect of microamperage stimulation on the rate of wound healing in rats: A histological study. Phsical therapy, 74(3), 195–200. doi: 10.1093/ptj/74.3.195. Retrieved May 25, 2015, from https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8115453/. PMID: 8115453 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

Medonça, F. A., Passarini Junior, J. R., Esquisato, M. A., Mendonça, J. S., Franchini, C. C., & Santos, G. M. (2009). Effects of the application of Aloe vera (L.) and microcurrent on the healing of wounds surgically induced in Wistar rats. Acta Cirúrgica Brasileira, 24(2), 150-155. doi: 10.1590/s0102-86502009000200013. Retrieved May 23, 2015, from https://www.scielo.br/j/acb/a/BsJkSzTpcFWtLvg84Pf6FTh/?format=pdf&lang=en.

Passarini-Junior, J. R., Gaspi, F. O., Neves, L. M., Esquisatto, M. A., Santos, G. M., & Mendonça, F. A. (2012). Aplication of Jatropha curcas L. seed oil (Euphorbiaceae) and microcurrent on the healing of experimental wounds in wistar rats. Acta Cirúrgica Brasileira, 27(7), 441- 447. doi: 10.1590/s0102-86502012000700002. Retrieved May 23, 2015, from https://www.scielo.br/j/acb/a/Bypd8CWjJkfH3Nzg9whLpnS/?format=pdf&lang=en.

Reger, I. S., Hyodo, A., Negami, S., Kambic, H. E., & Sahgal, V. (1999). Experimental wound healing with electrical stimulation. Blackwell Science, 23(5), 460-462. doi: 10.1046/j.1525-1594.1999.06365.x. Retrieved July 30, 2015, from https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10378943/. [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE].

Santos, V. N., Ferreira, L. M., Horibe, E. K., Duarte. I. S. (2004). Electric Microcurrent in the Restoration of the Skin Undergone a Trichloroacetic Acid Peeling in Rats. Acta Cirurgica Brasileira, 19(5), 466-470. doi.org/10.1590/S0102-86502004000500003. Retrieved May 30, 2015, from http://www.scielo.br/pdf/acb/v19n5/a03v19n5.pdf.

Taskan, I., Ozyazgan, I., Tercan, M., Kardas, Y., Balkanli, S., Saraymen, R., Zorlu, U., & Ozugul, Y. (1997). A comparative study of the effect of ultrasound and electrostimulation on wound healing in rats. Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, 100(4), 966–972. doi: 10.1097/00006534-199709001-00020. Retrieved May 22, 2015, from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed. PMID: 9290665 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

Watson T. (1994). The bioelectric correlates of musculoskeletical injury and repair [tesis of doctoral, University of Surrey, Guildford]. Retrieved July 24, 2015, from https://www.proquest.com/openview/95ecf37455def143d286e48977026df3/1?pq-origsite=gscholar&cbl=2026366&diss=y.

Wolf, A. A. Injury currents: Their electrical and mathematical properties in wound healing. Proceedings of the 12th Northeast Bioengineering Conference, New York, NY, IEEE …, 1986. 4, 1986.

Zuzzi, D. C., Ciccone, Cde C., Neves, L. M., Mendonça, J. S,, Joazeiro, P. P., & Esquisatto, M. A.(2013). Evaluation of the effects of electrical stimulation on cartilage repair in adult male rats. Tissue and Cell, 45(4), 275-281. doi: 10.1016/j.tice.2013.02.003. Retrieved July 25, 2015, from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed.

- GASPI FOG.; FOGLIO MA.; CARVALHO JE.; SANTOS GMT.; TESTA M.; JR JRP.; MORAES CP.; ESQUISATTO MAM.; MENDONÇA JS.; MENDONÇA FAS. Effects of the Topical Aplication of Hydroalcohlic Leaf Extract of Oncidium flexuosum Sims. (Orchidaceae) and Microcurrent on the Healing of Wounds Surgically Imduced in Wistar Rats. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine. v. 1-9:ID 950347. 2011. Disponível em: http://www.hindawi.com/journals/ecam/2011/950347/. Acesso em 23 de maio. 2015. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2011/950347.

- CARLEY, PG. & WAINAPEL, SF. Electrotherapy for accelerations of wounnd healing: Low intensity direct current. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation. v. 66: p. 443-446, 1985. Disponível em: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed. Acesso em 23 de maio. 2015. PMID: 3893385 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE].

– CHENG N.; VAN HOOF H.; BOCKX E.; HOOGMARTENS MJ.; MULIER JC.; DE DIJCKER FJ.; SANSEN WM.; DE LOECKER W. The effects of electrical currents on ATP regeneration, protein synthesis, and membrane transport in rat skin. Clinical Orthopedics and Related Research. v. 171: p. 264-271, 1982. Disponível em: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed. Acesso em 23 de maio. 2015. PMID: 7140077 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE.

- TASKAN I.; OZYAZGAN I.; TERCAN M.; KARDAS Y.; BALKANLI S.; SARAYMEN R.; ZORLU U.; OZUGUL Y. A Comparative Study of the Effect of Ultrasound and Electrostimulation on Wound Healing in Rats. Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery. v. 100: p. 966 – 972, 1997. Disponível em: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed. Acesso em maio. 2015. PMID: 9290665 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

- DEMIR H.; BALAY H.; KIRAP M. A comparative study of the effects of electrical stimulation and laser treatament on experimental wound healing in rats. Journal of Rehabilitation Research & Development. v.; 41: p.147 – 154, 2004. Disponível em: http://www.rehab.research.va.gov/jour/04/41/2/Demir.html. Acesso em maio. 2015. PMID: 15558369 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE].

- LEFFMANN DJ.; ARNALL DA.; HOLMGREN PR.; CORNWALL MW. Effect of microamperage stimulation on the rate of wound healing in rats: A histological study. Phsical therapy. v. 74: p. 195 – 200, 1994. Disponível em: http://ptjournal.apta.org/content/74/3/195.full.pdf. Acesso em maio. 2015. PMID: 8115453 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

– CARDOSO MP.; ALBUQUERQUE AO.; GIRÃO VC.; POMPEU MM.; SILVA CI.; AZEVEDO OG.; GUIMARÃES SB.; VASCONCELOS PR. Preconditioning with mono and polyunsaturated fatty acids and low-intensity electrical stimulation. Effects on skin repair in rats. Acta Cirúrgica Brasileira. v. 30 (2): p. 107- 114, 2015. Dinponível em: http://www.scielo.br/pdf/acb/v30n2/0102-8650-acb-30-02-00107.pdf. Acesso em maio. 2015. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0102-86502015002000004.

- SANTOS VNS.; FERREIRA LM.; HORIBE EK.; DUARTE IS. Electric Microcurrent in the Restoration of the Skin Undergone a Trichloroacetic Acid Peeling in Rats. Acta Cirurgica Brasileira. v. 19: p. 466-470, 2004. Disponível em: http://www.scielo.br/pdf/acb/v19n5/a03v19n5.pdf. Acesso em maio. 2015. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0102-86502004000500003.

– FREITAS RPA.; MACEDO AB.; OLIVEIRA AR.; RAMOS AMO.; VIEIRA WHB. Comparative study of Low-level laser therapy and icrocurrent on the healing of skin burns in rats. Acta Scientiarum. Health Sciences. v. 36: p. 5 - 10, 2014. Disponível em: http://www.uem.br/acta. Acesso em maio. 2015. Doi: 0.4025/actascihealthsci.v36i1.14668.

- ALVAREZ OM. A cura de feridas superficiais da pele é estimulada pela corrente elétrica externa. Journal of Investigative Dermatology. V: 81, p. 144 - 148, 1983.

- GUIRRO E. Fisioterapia Dermato-Funcional. Fundamentos, recursos, patologias. 3. ed. São Paulo: Manole, 2002.

– WATSON T. The bioelectric correlates of musculoskeletical injury and repair. 1995. 261f. Thesis (PhD)–University of Surrey, 1995.

– WOLF AA. Injury currents: their electrical and mathematical properties in wound healing. ANNUAL NORTHEAST BIOENGINEERING CONF, IEEE 12, 1., 1986, New York.

– AGNE JE. Eletrotermoterapia teoria e prática. Santa Maria: Pallotti, 2004.

– BORGES FS. Modalidades terapêuticas nas disfunções estéticas . São Paulo: Phorte, 2006.

– REGER IS.; HYODO A.; NEGAMI S.; KAMBIC HE.; SAHGAL V. Experimental wound healing with electrical stimulation. Blackwell Science. v. 23: p. 460-462, 1999. Disponível em: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed PMID: 0378943 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]. Acesso em 21 de julho. 2015.

- BALAKATOUNIS KC.; ANGOULES AG. Low-intensity electrical stimulation in wound healing: Review of the efficacy of externally applied currents resembling the current of injury. journal of plastic surgery. v. 8: p. 83-290, 2008. Disponível em: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/article/PMC2396465. Acesso em 21 de julho de 2015.

– DE CAMPOS CICCONE CC.; ZUZZI DC.; NEVES LMG.; MENDONÇA JS.; JOAZEIRO PP.; ESQUISATTO MAM. Effects of microcurrent stimulation on hyaline cartilage repair in immature male rats (Rattus novergicus). Complementary & alternative Medicine. v. 13: p. 1-9, 2013. Disponível em: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed. Acesso em 21 de julho de 2015. DOI: 10.1186/1472-6882-13-17.

- Byl NN, McKenzie AL, West JM, Whitney JD, Hunt TK, Hopf HW, Scheuenstuhl H. Pulsed microamperage stimulation: a controlled study of healing of surgically induced wounds in Yucatan pigs. Phsical therapy. v. 74: p. 201-213. Disponível em:

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed . Acesso em 21 de julho de 2015. PMID: 8115454 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE].

- Zuzzi DC, Ciccone Cde C, Neves LM, Mendonça JS, Joazeiro PP, Esquisatto MA. Evaluation of the effects of electrical stimulation on cartilage repair in adult male rats. Elsevier. v. 45: p. 275-281, 2013. Disponível em: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed. Acesso em 21 de julho de 2015. DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2013.02.003.

– KONIKOFF. Eletrical promotion of soft tissue repairs. Annals of biomedical engineering. v. 4: p. 1-5, 1976. Disónível em: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed. Acesso em 21 de julho de 2015. PMID: 1084717 PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE.

Agne, J. E. (2004). Eletrotermoterapia teoria e prática. Pallotti.

Alvarez, O. M., Mertz, P.. M., Smerbeck, R. V., & Eaglstein, W. H. (1983). The healing of superficial skin wounds is stimulated by external electrical current.

Journal of Investigative Dermatology, 81(2), 144–148. doi: 10.1111/1523-1747.ep12543498. Retrieved July 22, 2015, from https://www.jidonline.org/article/S0022-202X(15)43152-5/pdf.

Balakatounis, K. C., & Angoules, A. G. (2008). Low-intensity electrical stimulation in wound healing: Review of the efficacy of externally applied currents resembling the current of injury. Eplasty, 8, 283-291. Retrieved July 22, 2015, from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2396465/pdf/eplasty08e28.pdf.

Borges, F. S. (2006). Modalidades terapêuticas nas disfunções estéticas. Phorte.

Byl, N. N, McKenzie, A. L, West, J. M., Whitney, J. D., Hunt, T. K, Hopf, H. W., & Scheuenstuhl, H. (1994). Pulsed microamperage stimulation: a controlled study of healing of surgically induced wounds in Yucatan pigs. Phsical Therapy, 74(3), 201-213. doi: 10.1093/ptj/74.3.201. a Retrieved July 22, 2015, from https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8115454/. PMID: 8115454 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE].

Cardoso, M. P., Albuquerque, A. O., Girão, V. C., Pompeu, M. M., Silva, C. I., Azevedo, O. G., Guimarães, S. B., & Vasconcelos, P. R. (2015). Preconditioning with mono and polyunsaturated fatty acids and low-intensity electrical stimulation. Effects on skin repair in rats. Acta Cirúrgica Brasileira., 30 (2), 107-114. doi: 10.1590/S0102-86502015002000004. Retrieved May 25, 2016, from http://www.scielo.br/pdf/acb/v30n2/0102-8650-acb-30-02-00107.pdf.

Carley, P. G., & Wainapel, S. F. (1985). Electrotherapy for accelerations of wound healing: Low intensity direct current. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, 66(7), 443-446. Retrieved May 22, 2015, from https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3893385/. PMID: 3893385 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE].

Castro, F. C.; Magre, A.; Cherpinski, R.; Zelante, P. M.; Neves, L. M.; Esquisatto, M. A.; Mendonça, F. A., & Santos, G. M. (2012). Effects of microcurrent application alone or in combination with topical Hypericum perforatum L. and Arnica montana L. on surgically induced wound healing in Wistar rats. Homeopathy, 101(3), 147–153. doi: 10.1016/j.homp.2012.05.006. Retrieved May 22, 2015, from http://www.homeopathyjournal.net/article.

Cheng, N., Van Hoof, H., Bockx, E., Hoogmartens, M. J., Mulier, J. C., De Dijcker, F. J., Sansen, W. M., & De Loecker, W. (1982). The effects of electrical currents on ATP regeneration, protein synthesis, and membrane transport in rat skin. Clinical Orthopedics and Related Research, (171), 264-272, 1982. Retrieved May 23, 2015, from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed. PMID: 7140077 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE.

Ciccone, Cde C., Zuzzi, D. C., Neves, L. M. G., Mendonça, J. S., Joazeiro, P. P., & Esquisatto, M. A. M. (2013). Effects of microcurrent stimulation on hyaline cartilage repair in immature male rats (Rattus novergicus). BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 13, 1-9. doi: 10.1186/1472-6882-13-17. Retrieved July 21, 2015, from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3554581/pdf/1472-6882-13-17.pdf.

Demir, H., Balay,, H. & Kirap, M. (2004). A comparative study of the effects of electrical stimulation and laser treatament on experimental wound healing in rats. Journal of Rehabilitation Research & Development, 41(2), 147–154. doi: 10.1682/jrrd.2004.02.0147. Retrieved May 27, 2015, from https://www.rehab.research.va.gov/jour/04/41/2/pdf/Demir.pdf. PMID: 15558369 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE].

Freitas, R. P., Macedo, A. B., Oliveira, A. R., Ramos, A. M., & Vieira, W. H. (2014). Comparative study of Low-level laser therapy and icrocurrent on the healing of skin burns in rats. Acta Scientiarum. Health Sciences, 36(1),5-10. doi: 10.4025/actascihealthsci.v36i1.14668. Retrieved May 25, 2015, from https://periodicos.uem.br/ojs/index.php/ActaSciHealthSci/article/view/14668.

Gaspi. F. O., Foglio, M. A., Carvalho, J. E., Santos, G. M., Testa, M., Passarini JR, J.R., Moraes, C. P., Esquisatto, M. A., Mendonça, J. S., & Mendonça, F. A. (2011). Effects of the Topical Aplication of Hydroalcohlic Leaf Extract of Oncidium flexuosum Sims. (Orchidaceae) and Microcurrent on the Healing of Wounds Surgically Imduced in Wistar Rats. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 2011, ID 950347. doi: 10.1155/2011/950347. Retrieved May 23, 2015, from http://www.hindawi.com/journals/ecam/2011/950347/.

Guirro, E. (2002). Fisioterapia dermato-funcional. fundamentos, recursos, patologias (3rd. ed. ). Manole.

Konikoff, J. J. (1976). . Eletrical promotion of soft tissue repairs. Annals of Biomedical Engineering, 4(1), 1-5. doi: 10.1007/BF02363553. Retrieved July 21, 2015, from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed. PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE.

Leffmann, D. J., Arnall, D. A., Holmgren, P. R., & Cornwall, M. W. (1994). Effect of microamperage stimulation on the rate of wound healing in rats: A histological study. Phsical therapy, 74(3), 195–200. doi: 10.1093/ptj/74.3.195. Retrieved May 25, 2015, from https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8115453/. PMID: 8115453 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

Medonça, F. A., Passarini Junior, J. R., Esquisato, M. A., Mendonça, J. S., Franchini, C. C., & Santos, G. M. (2009). Effects of the application of Aloe vera (L.) and microcurrent on the healing of wounds surgically induced in Wistar rats. Acta Cirúrgica Brasileira, 24(2), 150-155. doi: 10.1590/s0102-86502009000200013. Retrieved May 23, 2015, from https://www.scielo.br/j/acb/a/BsJkSzTpcFWtLvg84Pf6FTh/?format=pdf&lang=en.

Passarini-Junior, J. R., Gaspi, F. O., Neves, L. M., Esquisatto, M. A., Santos, G. M., & Mendonça, F. A. (2012). Aplication of Jatropha curcas L. seed oil (Euphorbiaceae) and microcurrent on the healing of experimental wounds in wistar rats. Acta Cirúrgica Brasileira, 27(7), 441- 447. doi: 10.1590/s0102-86502012000700002. Retrieved May 23, 2015, from https://www.scielo.br/j/acb/a/Bypd8CWjJkfH3Nzg9whLpnS/?format=pdf&lang=en.

Reger, I. S., Hyodo, A., Negami, S., Kambic, H. E., & Sahgal, V. (1999). Experimental wound healing with electrical stimulation. Blackwell Science, 23(5), 460-462. doi: 10.1046/j.1525-1594.1999.06365.x. Retrieved July 30, 2015, from https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10378943/. [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE].

Santos, V. N., Ferreira, L. M., Horibe, E. K., Duarte. I. S. (2004). Electric Microcurrent in the Restoration of the Skin Undergone a Trichloroacetic Acid Peeling in Rats. Acta Cirurgica Brasileira, 19(5), 466-470. doi.org/10.1590/S0102-86502004000500003. Retrieved May 30, 2015, from http://www.scielo.br/pdf/acb/v19n5/a03v19n5.pdf.

Taskan, I., Ozyazgan, I., Tercan, M., Kardas, Y., Balkanli, S., Saraymen, R., Zorlu, U., & Ozugul, Y. (1997). A comparative study of the effect of ultrasound and electrostimulation on wound healing in rats. Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, 100(4), 966–972. doi: 10.1097/00006534-199709001-00020. Retrieved May 22, 2015, from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed. PMID: 9290665 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

Watson T. (1994). The bioelectric correlates of musculoskeletical injury and repair [tesis of doctoral, University of Surrey, Guildford]. Retrieved July 24, 2015, from https://www.proquest.com/openview/95ecf37455def143d286e48977026df3/1?pq-origsite=gscholar&cbl=2026366&diss=y.

Wolf, A. A. Injury currents: Their electrical and mathematical properties in wound healing. Proceedings of the 12th Northeast Bioengineering Conference, New York, NY, IEEE …, 1986. 4, 1986.

Zuzzi, D. C., Ciccone, Cde C., Neves, L. M., Mendonça, J. S,, Joazeiro, P. P., & Esquisatto, M. A.(2013). Evaluation of the effects of electrical stimulation on cartilage repair in adult male rats. Tissue and Cell, 45(4), 275-281. doi: 10.1016/j.tice.2013.02.003. Retrieved July 25, 2015, from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed.

- GASPI FOG.; FOGLIO MA.; CARVALHO JE.; SANTOS GMT.; TESTA M.; JR JRP.; MORAES CP.; ESQUISATTO MAM.; MENDONÇA JS.; MENDONÇA FAS. Effects of the Topical Aplication of Hydroalcohlic Leaf Extract of Oncidium flexuosum Sims. (Orchidaceae) and Microcurrent on the Healing of Wounds Surgically Imduced in Wistar Rats. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine. v. 1-9:ID 950347. 2011. Disponível em: http://www.hindawi.com/journals/ecam/2011/950347/. Acesso em 23 de maio. 2015. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2011/950347.

- CARLEY, PG. & WAINAPEL, SF. Electrotherapy for accelerations of wounnd healing: Low intensity direct current. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation. v. 66: p. 443-446, 1985. Disponível em: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed. Acesso em 23 de maio. 2015. PMID: 3893385 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE].

– CHENG N.; VAN HOOF H.; BOCKX E.; HOOGMARTENS MJ.; MULIER JC.; DE DIJCKER FJ.; SANSEN WM.; DE LOECKER W. The effects of electrical currents on ATP regeneration, protein synthesis, and membrane transport in rat skin. Clinical Orthopedics and Related Research. v. 171: p. 264-271, 1982. Disponível em: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed. Acesso em 23 de maio. 2015. PMID: 7140077 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE.

- TASKAN I.; OZYAZGAN I.; TERCAN M.; KARDAS Y.; BALKANLI S.; SARAYMEN R.; ZORLU U.; OZUGUL Y. A Comparative Study of the Effect of Ultrasound and Electrostimulation on Wound Healing in Rats. Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery. v. 100: p. 966 – 972, 1997. Disponível em: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed. Acesso em maio. 2015. PMID: 9290665 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

- DEMIR H.; BALAY H.; KIRAP M. A comparative study of the effects of electrical stimulation and laser treatament on experimental wound healing in rats. Journal of Rehabilitation Research & Development. v.; 41: p.147 – 154, 2004. Disponível em: http://www.rehab.research.va.gov/jour/04/41/2/Demir.html. Acesso em maio. 2015. PMID: 15558369 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE].

- LEFFMANN DJ.; ARNALL DA.; HOLMGREN PR.; CORNWALL MW. Effect of microamperage stimulation on the rate of wound healing in rats: A histological study. Phsical therapy. v. 74: p. 195 – 200, 1994. Disponível em: http://ptjournal.apta.org/content/74/3/195.full.pdf. Acesso em maio. 2015. PMID: 8115453 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

– CARDOSO MP.; ALBUQUERQUE AO.; GIRÃO VC.; POMPEU MM.; SILVA CI.; AZEVEDO OG.; GUIMARÃES SB.; VASCONCELOS PR. Preconditioning with mono and polyunsaturated fatty acids and low-intensity electrical stimulation. Effects on skin repair in rats. Acta Cirúrgica Brasileira. v. 30 (2): p. 107- 114, 2015. Dinponível em: http://www.scielo.br/pdf/acb/v30n2/0102-8650-acb-30-02-00107.pdf. Acesso em maio. 2015. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0102-86502015002000004.

- SANTOS VNS.; FERREIRA LM.; HORIBE EK.; DUARTE IS. Electric Microcurrent in the Restoration of the Skin Undergone a Trichloroacetic Acid Peeling in Rats. Acta Cirurgica Brasileira. v. 19: p. 466-470, 2004. Disponível em: http://www.scielo.br/pdf/acb/v19n5/a03v19n5.pdf. Acesso em maio. 2015. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0102-86502004000500003.

– FREITAS RPA.; MACEDO AB.; OLIVEIRA AR.; RAMOS AMO.; VIEIRA WHB. Comparative study of Low-level laser therapy and icrocurrent on the healing of skin burns in rats. Acta Scientiarum. Health Sciences. v. 36: p. 5 - 10, 2014. Disponível em: http://www.uem.br/acta. Acesso em maio. 2015. Doi: 0.4025/actascihealthsci.v36i1.14668.

- ALVAREZ OM. A cura de feridas superficiais da pele é estimulada pela corrente elétrica externa. Journal of Investigative Dermatology. V: 81, p. 144 - 148, 1983.

- GUIRRO E. Fisioterapia Dermato-Funcional. Fundamentos, recursos, patologias. 3. ed. São Paulo: Manole, 2002.

– WATSON T. The bioelectric correlates of musculoskeletical injury and repair. 1995. 261f. Thesis (PhD)–University of Surrey, 1995.

– WOLF AA. Injury currents: their electrical and mathematical properties in wound healing. ANNUAL NORTHEAST BIOENGINEERING CONF, IEEE 12, 1., 1986, New York.

– AGNE JE. Eletrotermoterapia teoria e prática. Santa Maria: Pallotti, 2004.

– BORGES FS. Modalidades terapêuticas nas disfunções estéticas . São Paulo: Phorte, 2006.

– REGER IS.; HYODO A.; NEGAMI S.; KAMBIC HE.; SAHGAL V. Experimental wound healing with electrical stimulation. Blackwell Science. v. 23: p. 460-462, 1999. Disponível em: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed PMID: 0378943 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]. Acesso em 21 de julho. 2015.

- BALAKATOUNIS KC.; ANGOULES AG. Low-intensity electrical stimulation in wound healing: Review of the efficacy of externally applied currents resembling the current of injury. journal of plastic surgery. v. 8: p. 83-290, 2008. Disponível em: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/article/PMC2396465. Acesso em 21 de julho de 2015.

– DE CAMPOS CICCONE CC.; ZUZZI DC.; NEVES LMG.; MENDONÇA JS.; JOAZEIRO PP.; ESQUISATTO MAM. Effects of microcurrent stimulation on hyaline cartilage repair in immature male rats (Rattus novergicus). Complementary & alternative Medicine. v. 13: p. 1-9, 2013. Disponível em: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed. Acesso em 21 de julho de 2015. DOI: 10.1186/1472-6882-13-17.

- Byl NN, McKenzie AL, West JM, Whitney JD, Hunt TK, Hopf HW, Scheuenstuhl H. Pulsed microamperage stimulation: a controlled study of healing of surgically induced wounds in Yucatan pigs. Phsical therapy. v. 74: p. 201-213. Disponível em:

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed . Acesso em 21 de julho de 2015. PMID: 8115454 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE].

- Zuzzi DC, Ciccone Cde C, Neves LM, Mendonça JS, Joazeiro PP, Esquisatto MA. Evaluation of the effects of electrical stimulation on cartilage repair in adult male rats. Elsevier. v. 45: p. 275-281, 2013. Disponível em: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed. Acesso em 21 de julho de 2015. DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2013.02.003.

– KONIKOFF. Eletrical promotion of soft tissue repairs. Annals of biomedical engineering. v. 4: p. 1-5, 1976. Disónível em: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed. Acesso em 21 de julho de 2015. PMID: 1084717 PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE.

v

Descargas

Publicado

14/01/2022

Cómo citar

GALVÃO, A. M. do N. .; SILVA , Z. P. da .; BARBOSA , A. P. F. .; RODRIGUES , C. F. de S. . Efecto de la estimulación eléctrica sobre la curación de heridas cutáneas en Wistar: ¿hay algún protocolo a seguir? (Revisión de estudios experimentales). Research, Society and Development, [S. l.], v. 11, n. 1, p. e53311125295, 2022. DOI: 10.33448/rsd-v11i1.25295. Disponível em: https://rsdjournal.org/index.php/rsd/article/view/25295. Acesso em: 29 sep. 2024.

Número

Vol. 11 Núm. 1

Sección

Revisiones

Licencia

Derechos de autor 2022 Ailton Mota do Nascimento Galvão; Zenaldo Porfirio da Silva ; Ana Paula Fernandes Barbosa ; Célio Fernando de Sousa Rodrigues

Creative Commons License

Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución 4.0.

Los autores que publican en esta revista concuerdan con los siguientes términos:

1) Los autores mantienen los derechos de autor y conceden a la revista el derecho de primera publicación, con el trabajo simultáneamente licenciado bajo la Licencia Creative Commons Attribution que permite el compartir el trabajo con reconocimiento de la autoría y publicación inicial en esta revista.

2) Los autores tienen autorización para asumir contratos adicionales por separado, para distribución no exclusiva de la versión del trabajo publicada en esta revista (por ejemplo, publicar en repositorio institucional o como capítulo de libro), con reconocimiento de autoría y publicación inicial en esta revista.

3) Los autores tienen permiso y son estimulados a publicar y distribuir su trabajo en línea (por ejemplo, en repositorios institucionales o en su página personal) a cualquier punto antes o durante el proceso editorial, ya que esto puede generar cambios productivos, así como aumentar el impacto y la cita del trabajo publicado.