Microbioma intestinal de aves y su importancia
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v11i2.25583Palabras clave:
Avicultura; Lactobacillus; Microbiota; Sistema Immune; Tenericutes.Resumen
El tracto gastrointestinal de las aves tiene una diversidad microbiológica, las bacterias benéficas juegan un papel en la digestión y absorción, contribuyen al sistema inmunológico y compiten contra los patógenos que constituyen aproximadamente el 10% de la microbiota intestinal. Los filos más abundantes son Actinobacteria, Firmicutes, Fusobacteria y Bacteriodetes, dichos microorganismos son esenciales para la salud de las aves. Los microorganismos patógenos son Proteobacteria, Protozoa, Apicomplexa, Tenericutes y Firmicutes, colonizan la luz del tracto gastrointestinal de las aves sin causar daño, sin embargo, cuando existe disbiosis los patógenos se multiplican causando lesiones en la mucosa intestinal y pueden ocasionar trastornos entéricos, a veces irreversibles. La microbiota beneficiosa es capaz de estimular el sistema inmunitario con la producción de células T, disminuyendo el proceso inflamatorio y la producción de inmunoglobulina A, G y M. Las Bifidobacterium influyen en la proliferación de macrófagos, potenciando el sistema inmunitario del animal, además de producir bacteriocinas que inhibe la multiplicación de patógenos (Salmonella spp. y Clostridium perfringens). Lactobacillus spp. estimular la secreción de inmunoglobulinas, lactato y acetato e inhibir la adhesión de patógenos al epitelio intestinal. Bacteroides spp. y Bifidobacterium spp. instituyen ácidos grasos volátiles y suprimen la toxicidad de Salmonella spp., Escherichia coli y Campylobacter spp.. La especie Bacteroides fragilis estimula la producción de células T para reducir la inflamación. El objetivo principal es revisar la información científica disponible sobre el microbioma intestinal de las aves y su importancia, detallando su composición y correlación con el sistema inmunológico.
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Derechos de autor 2022 Lídia Caroline Ferreira Cruz; Thiago Ferreira Costa; Stéfane Alves Sampaio; Nadya Gabrielly Dias da Silva; Jessica Martins de Abreu; Kelly Fernanda Borges; Giovanna Macedo Sales; Samantha Leandro de Sousa Andrade Alexandrino; Fabiana Ramos dos Santos; Cibele Silva Minafra
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