Comparación de perfiles bioquímicos y hematológicos de pacientes con COVID-19 en sus diferentes desenlaces: alta hospitalaria y muerte

Autores/as

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v11i2.25772

Palabras clave:

SARS-CoV-2; COVID-19; Biomarcadores; Pronóstico.

Resumen

Introducción: El virus causante del COVID-19, el SARS-CoV-2, presenta como principal foco de compromiso el tratamiento respiratorio, aún hoy con muchos pacientes evolucionando hacia la forma más grave. Por lo tanto, los signos y síntomas de la COVID-19 deben identificarse de forma temprana, además de los posibles factores de riesgo y signos de mal pronóstico implicados en la progresión de la enfermedad. Objetivo: Por lo tanto, el presente estudio tuvo como objetivo evaluar las pruebas bioquímicas, hematológicas y de coagulación en pacientes diagnosticados de COVID-19 con el fin de identificar un patrón pronóstico para los resultados de alta hospitalaria y muerte a partir de una recopilación de datos descriptivos de un repositorio público. Metodología: los datos de los pacientes atendidos entre el 26 de febrero y el 27 de junio de 2020 en el Hospital Sirio-Libanés, puestos a disposición por un repositorio público, fueron divididos en dos categorías para su análisis. Se analizaron los datos demográficos (sexo, edad y ciudad de residencia del paciente) y los datos clínicos/laboratorios (resultados de las pruebas), incluido el resultado (alta o muerte). Resultados: La edad avanzada y el sexo masculino se asociaron más con el resultado de muerte. El dímero D y la glucemia fueron más elevados en el grupo de muerte, mientras que la TFG empeoró en ambos grupos y el TTPA, la bilirrubina total, la creatinina sérica, la glucemia, el dímero D y la PCR aumentaron en el desenlace sólo en los pacientes que murieron, reduciéndose esta última en el grupo de "alta hospitalaria". Además, había tasas más bajas de hemoglobina, eritrocitos y hematocrito, plaquetas y linfocitos, así como un aumento de leucocitos, neutrófilos y basófilos en el grupo de pacientes que murieron. Conclusión: Las variaciones encontradas en los parámetros bioquímicos sugieren especialmente que la hiperglucemia está asociada a los casos más graves, mientras que el análisis de la inflamación confirma por PCR que esta condición estaba más exacerbada en los pacientes que murieron. En los análisis de coagulación, el aumento del dímero D se asoció a cuadros más graves y, en los hematológicos, los resultados reflejan un mayor riesgo de anemia y de respuesta inflamatoria sistémica.

Citas

Alves, B. / O. / O.-M. (n.d.). Novo Coronavírus (Covid-19): informações básicas | Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde MS. https://bvsms.saude.gov.br/novo-coronavirus-covid-19-informacoes-basicas/

Ashour, H. M., Elkhatib, W. F., Rahman, M. M., & Elshabrawy, H. A. (2020). Insights into the Recent 2019 Novel Coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) in Light of Past Human Coronavirus Outbreaks. Pathogens, 9(3), 186. doi:10.3390/pathogens9030186

Badawi, A., & Ryoo, S. G. (2016). Prevalence of comorbidities in the Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV): a systematic review and meta-analysis. International journal of infectious diseases. IJID: official publication of the International Society for Infectious Diseases, 49, 129–133. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijid.2016.06.015

Baloch, S., Baloch, M. A., Zheng, T., & Pei, X. (2020). The Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Pandemic. The Tohoku journal of experimental medicine, 250(4), 271–278. doi:https://doi.org/10.1620/tjem.250.271

Berenguer, J., Ryan, P., Rodríguez-Baño, J., Jarrín, I., Carratalà, J., Pachón, ...Arriba, J. R.. (2020). Characteristics and predictors of death among 4035 consecutively hospitalized patients with COVID-19 in Spain. Clinical microbiology and infection: the official publication of the European Society of

Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, 26(11), 1525–1536. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cmi.2020.07.024

Bourgonje, A. R., Abdulle, A. E., Timens, W., Hillebrands, J. L., Navis, G. J., Gordijn, S. J....Van Goor, H. (2020). Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), SARS-CoV-2 and the pathophysiology of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The Journal of pathology, 251(3), 228–248. doi: https://doi.org/10.1002/path.5471

Callender, L. A., Curran, M., Bates, S. M., Mairesse, M., Weigandt, J., & Betts, C. J. (2020). The Impact of Pre-existing Comorbidities and Therapeutic Interventions on COVID-19. Frontiers in immunology, 11, 1991. doi: https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2020.01991

Casqueiro, J., Casqueiro, J., & Alves, C. (2012). Infections in patients with diabetes mellitus: A review of pathogenesis. Indian journal of endocrinology and metabolism, 16 Suppl 1(Suppl1), S27–S36. doi:https://doi.org/10.4103/2230-8210.94253

Channappanavar, R., Fett, C., Mack, M., Ten Eyck, P. P., Meyerholz, D. K., & Perlman, S. (2017). Sex-Based Differences in Susceptibility to Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus Infection. Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md: 1950), 198(10), 4046–4053. doi:https://doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.1601896

Chen, R., Sang, L., Jiang, M., et al. Longitudinal hematologic and immunologic variations associated with the progression of COVID-19 patients in China. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2020;146(1):89–100. doi: 10.1016/j.jaci.2020.05.003

Chen, J., Qi, T., Liu, L., Ling, Y., Qian, Z., Li, T., Li, F., …Lu, H. (2020). Clinical progression of patients with COVID-19 in Shanghai, China. The Journal of infection, 80(5), e1–e6. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jinf.2020.03.004

Chen, J., Wu, C., Wang, X., Yu, J., & Sun, Z. (2020). The Impact of COVID-19 on Blood Glucose: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Frontiers in endocrinology, 11, 574541. doi: https://doi.org/10.3389/fendo.2020.574541

Chen, N., Zhou, M., Dong, X., Qu, J., Gong, F., Han, Y., …Zhang, L. (2020). Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of 99 cases of 2019 novel coronavirus pneumonia in Wuhan, China: a descriptive study. The Lancet, 395(10223). doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(20)30211-7

Danwang, C., Endomba, F. T., Nkeck, J. R., Wouna, D., Robert, A., & Noubiap, J. J. (2020). A meta-analysis of potential biomarkers associated with severity of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Biomarker research, 8, 37. doi:https://doi.org/10.1186/s40364-020-00217-0

Deng, Y., Liu, W., Liu, K., Fang, Y. Y., Shang, J., Zhou, L., …Liu, H. G. (2020). Clinical characteristics of fatal and recovered cases of coronavirus disease 2019 in Wuhan, China: a retrospective study. Chinese medical journal, 133(11), 1261–1267. doi:https://doi.org/10.1097/CM9.0000000000000824

Desiderio, V.L., Fabio, V., Cárnio, E.C., Silva, H.B. & Marchi-Alves, L.M. (2021). Variáveis associadas ao desfecho clínico de pacientes hospitalizados por COVID-19. Rev Med (São Paulo), 100(5), 431-41. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.11606/issn.1679-9836.v100i5p431-441

Djakpo, D. K., Wang, Z., Zhang, R., Chen, X., Chen, P., & Antoine, M. (2020). Blood routine test in mild and common 2019 coronavirus (COVID-19) patients. Bioscience reports, 40(8), BSR20200817. doi:https://doi.org/10.1042/BSR20200817

Fapesp. COVID-19 Data Sharing/BR. Disponível em: https://repositoriodatasharingfapesp.uspdigital.usp.br/

Gabarre, P., Dumas, G., Dupont, T., Darmon, M., Azoulay, E., & Zafrani, L. (2020). Acute kidney injury in critically ill patients with COVID-19. Intensive care medicine, 46(7), 1339–1348. doi:https://doi.org/10.1007/s00134-020-06153-9

Ge, H., Wang, X., Yuan, X., Xiao, G., Wang, C., Deng, T., Yuan, Q. & Xiao, X. (2020). The epidemiology and clinical information about COVID-19. European journal of clinical microbiology & infectious disease : official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology, 39(6), 1011–1019. doi:https://doi.org/10.1007/s10096-020-03874-z

Gralinski, L. E., & Menachery, V. D. (2020). Return of the Coronavirus: 2019-nCoV. Viruses, 12(2), 135. doi:https://doi.org/10.3390/v12020135

Guan, W., Ni, Z., Hu, Y., Liang, W., Ou, C., He, J…Li, S. (2020). Clinical Characteristics of Coronavirus Disease 2019 in China. New England Journal of Medicine, 382(18). doi:https://doi.org/10.1056/nejmoa2002032

Guo, T., Fan, Y., Chen, M., Wu, X., Zhang, L., He, T., …Lu, Z. (2020). Cardiovascular Implications of Fatal Outcomes of Patients With Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). JAMA cardiology, 5(7), 811–818. doi:https://doi.org/10.1001/jamacardio.2020.1017

Hajek, V., Pasquet, F., Karkowski, L., Lachenal, F., Gerôme, P., & Pavic, M. (2011). Profil étiologique et pronostique des valeurs extrêmes (≥500 mg/L) de protéine C-réactive : étude rétrospective de 168 valeurs chez 113 patients. La Revue de Médecine Interne, 32(11), 663–668. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.revmed.2011.04.001

‌Han, H., Yang, L., Liu, R., Liu, F., Wu, K. L., Li, J., Liu, X. H., & Zhu, C. L. (2020). Prominent changes in blood coagulation of patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection. Clinical chemistry and laboratory medicine, 58(7), 1116–1120. doi:https://doi.org/10.1515/cclm-2020-0188

‌He, Y., Xie, M., Zhao, J., & Liu, X. (2020). Clinical Characteristics and Outcomes of Patients with Severe COVID-19 and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD). Medical science monitor: international medical journal of experimental and clinical research, 26, e927212. doi:https://doi.org/10.12659/MSM.927212

Holshue, M. L., DeBolt, C., Lindquist, S., Lofy, K. H., Wiesman, J., Bruce, H.,...Pallansch, M. A. (2020). Washington State 2019-nCoV Case Investigation Team. First Case of 2019 Novel Coronavirus in the United States. The New England journal of medicine, 382(10), 929–936. doi:https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa2001191

Huang, C., Wang, Y., Li, X., Ren, L., Zhao, J., Hu, Y., …Cao, B. (2020). Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China. Lancet (London, England), 395(10223), 497–506. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30183-5

Ibrahim, I. M., Abdelmalek, D. H., Elshahat, M. E., & Elfiky, A. A. (2020). COVID-19 spike-host cell receptor GRP78 binding site prediction. The Journal of infection, 80(5), 554–562. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jinf.2020.02.026

Jaillon, S., Berthenet, K., & Garlanda, C. (2019). Sexual Dimorphism in Innate Immunity. Clinical reviews in allergy & immunology, 56(3), 308–321. doi:https://doi.org/10.1007/s12016-017-8648-x

Jain, V., & Yuan, J. M. (2020). Predictive symptoms and comorbidities for severe COVID-19 and intensive care unit admission: a systematic review and meta-analysis. International journal of public health, 65(5), 533–546. doi:https://doi.org/10.1007/s00038-020-01390-7

Jin, Y., Yang, H., Ji, W., Wu, W., Chen, S., Zhang, W. & Duan, G. (2020). Virology, epidemiology, pathogenesis, and control of COVID-19. Viruses. 12(4). doi: https://doi.org/10.3390/v12040372

Kellum, J. A., van Till, J., & Mulligan, G. (2020). Targeting acute kidney injury in COVID-19. Nephrology, dialysis, transplantation: official publication of the European Dialysis and Transplant Association - European Renal Association, 35(10), 1652–1662. doi:https://doi.org/10.1093/ndt/gfaa231

Landry, A., Docherty, P., Ouellette, S., & Cartier, L. J. (2017). Causes and outcomes of markedly elevated C-reactive protein levels. Canadian family physician Medecin de famille canadien, 63(6), e316–e323.

Lei, F., Liu, Y. M., Zhou, F., Qin, J. J., Zhang, P., Zhu, L., …Yuan, Y. (2020). Longitudinal Association Between Markers of Liver Injury and Mortality in COVID-19 in China. Hepatology (Baltimore, Md.), 72(2), 389–398. doi: https://doi.org/10.1002/hep.31301

Li, H., Liu, L., Zhang, D., Xu, J., Dai, H., Tang, N., Su, X. & Cao, B. (2020). SARS-CoV-2 and viral sepsis: observations and hypotheses. Lancet. 9;395(10235):1517-1520 . doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30920-X

Liu, Y., Du, X., Chen, J., Jin, Y., Peng, L., Wang, H., …Zhao, Y. (2020). Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio as an independent risk factor for mortality in hospitalized patients with COVID-19. The Journal of infection, 81(1), e6–e12. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jinf.2020.04.002

‌Maciel, E.L., Jabor, P., Goncalves Júnior, E., Tristão-Sá, R., Lima, RCD., Reis-Santos, B., ...Zandonade, E. (2020). Fatores associados ao óbito hospitalar por COVID-19 no Espírito Santo, 2020. Epidemiologia E Serviços de Saúde, 29, e2020413. doi:https://doi.org/10.1590/s1679-49742020000400022

‌Mikami, T., Miyashita, H., Yamada, T., Harrington, M., Steinberg, D., Dunn, A., & Siau, E. (2021). Risk Factors for Mortality in Patients with COVID-19 in New York City. Journal of general internal medicine, 36(1), 17–26. doi:https://doi.org/10.1007/s11606-020-05983-z

‌Mizumoto, K., & Chowell, G. (2020). Estimating Risk for Death from Coronavirus Disease, China, January-February 2020. Emerging infectious diseases, 26(6), 1251–1256. doi:https://doi.org/10.3201/eid2606.200233

‌Ponti, G., Maccaferri, M., Ruini, C., Tomasi, A., & Ozben, T. (2020). Biomarkers associated with COVID-19 disease progression. Critical reviews in clinical laboratory sciences, 57(6), 389–399. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/10408363.2020.1770685

Qin, C., Zhou, L., Hu, Z., Zhang, S., Yang, S., Tao, Y.,…Tian, D.S. (2020). Dysregulation of Immune Response in Patients With Coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) in Wuhan, China. Clinical infectious diseases: an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America, 71(15), 762–768. doi:https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaa248

Reade, M.C., Weissfeld, L., Angus, D.C., Kellum, J.A. & Milbrandt, EB. (2010). The prevalence of anemia and its association with 90-day mortality in hospitalized community-acquired pneumonia. BMC Pulm Med; 10:15. doi: https://doi.org/ 10.1186/1471-2466-10-15

Shi, Y., Wang, Y., Shao C., Huang, J., Gan, J., Huang, X., …Melino, G. (2020). COVID-19 infection: the perspectives on immune responses. Cell Death Differ.;23:1–4. doi: https://doi.org/ 10.1038/s41418-020-0530-3

Shi, H., Han, X., Jiang, N., Cao, Y., Alwalid, O., Gu, J., Fan, Y., & Zheng, C. (2020). Radiological findings from 81 patients with COVID-19 pneumonia in Wuhan, China: a descriptive study. The Lancet. Infectious diseases, 20(4), 425–434. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/S1473-3099(20)30086-4

Shi, S., Qin, M., Shen, B., Cai, Y., Liu, T., Yang, F., …Huang, C. (2020). Association of Cardiac Injury With Mortality in Hospitalized Patients With COVID-19 in Wuhan, China. JAMA cardiology, 5(7), 802–810. doi:https://doi.org/10.1001/jamacardio.2020.0950

Snijders, D., Schoorl, M., Schoorl, M., Bartels, P. C., van der Werf, T. S., & Boersma, W. G. (2012). D-dimer levels in assessing severity and clinical outcome in patients with community-acquired pneumonia. A secondary analysis of a randomised clinical trial. European journal of internal medicine, 23(5), 436–441. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejim.2011.10.019

Sousa, G., Garces, T. S., Cestari, V., Florêncio, R. S., Moreira, T., & Pereira, M. (2020). Mortality and survival of COVID-19. Epidemiology and infection, 148, e123. doi:https://doi.org/10.1017/S0950268820001405

Tang, N., Li, D., Wang, X., & Sun, Z. (2020). Abnormal coagulation parameters are associated with poor prognosis in patients with novel coronavirus pneumonia. Journal of thrombosis and haemostasis. JTH, 18(4), 844–847. doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/jth.14768

Teich, V.D., Klajner, S., Almeida, F.A.S., Dantas, A.C.B., Laselva, C.R., Torritesi, M.G., …Neto, M.C. (2020). Características epidemiológicas e clínicas dos pacientes com COVID-19 no Brasil. Einstein (São Paulo), 18, 1-7. doi:https://10.31744/einstein_journal/2020AO6022

Tian, W., Jiang, W., Yao, J., Nicholson, C. J., Li, R. H., Sigurslid, H. H., ...Malhotra, R. (2020). Predictors of mortality in hospitalized COVID-19 patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of medical virology, 92(10), 1875–1883. doi:https://doi.org/10.1002/jmv.26050

Wang, B., Li, R., Lu, Z., & Huang, Y. (2020). Does comorbidity increase the risk of patients with COVID-19: evidence from meta-analysis. Aging, 12(7), 6049–6057. https://doi.org/10.18632/aging.103000

Wang, C., Deng, R., Gou, L., Fu, Z., Zhang, X., Shao, F., …Li, C. (2020a). Preliminary study to identify severe from moderate cases of COVID-19 using combined hematology parameters. Annals of Translational Medicine, 8(9), 593–593. doi: https://doi.org/10.21037/atm-20-3391

‌Wang, C., Zhang, H., Cao, X., Deng, R., Ye, Y., Fu, Z., …Lu, Z. (2020b). Red cell distribution width (RDW): a prognostic indicator of severe COVID-19. Annals of translational medicine, 8(19), 1230. doi:https://doi.org/10.21037/atm-20-6090

Wang, D., Hu, B., Hu, C., Zhu, F., Liu, X., Zhang, J., …Peng, Z. (2020). Clinical Characteristics of 138 Hospitalized Patients With 2019 Novel Coronavirus-Infected Pneumonia in Wuhan, China. JAMA, 323(11), 1061–1069. doi: https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2020.1585

Wang, K., Zuo, P., Liu, Y., Zhang, M., Zhao, X., Xie, S., Zhang, H., Chen, X., & Liu, C. (2020). Clinical and Laboratory Predictors of In-hospital Mortality in Patients With Coronavirus Disease-2019: A Cohort Study in Wuhan, China. Clinical infectious diseases: an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America, 71(16), 2079–2088. doi: https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaa538

World Health Organization. (2021). WHO COVID-19 dashboard. World Health Organization. https://covid19.who.int/

Wu, C., Chen, X., Cai, Y., Xia, J., Zhou, X., Xu, S., …Song, Y. (2020). Risk Factors Associated With Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome and Death in Patients With Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pneumonia in Wuhan, China. JAMA internal medicine, 180(7), 934–943. doi: https://doi.org/10.1001/jamainternmed.2020.0994

Xavier, A. R., Silva, J. S., Almeida, J. P. C. L., Conceição, J. F. F., Lacerda, G. S., & Kanaan, S. (2020). COVID-19: clinical and laboratory manifestations in novel coronavirus infection. Jornal Brasileiro de Patologia E Medicina Laboratorial. doi: https://doi.org/10.5935/1676-2444.20200049

Yang, X., Yu, Y., Xu, J., Shu, H., Xia, J., Liu, H., ... Shang, Y. (2020). Clinical course and outcomes of critically ill patients with SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia in Wuhan, China: a single-centered, retrospective, observational study. The Lancet. Respiratory medicine, 8(5), 475–481. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/S2213-2600(20)30079-5

Yi, Y., Lagniton, P., Ye, S., Li, E., & Xu, R. H. (2020). COVID-19: what has been learned and to be learned about the novel coronavirus disease. International journal of biological sciences, 16(10), 1753–1766. doi: https://doi.org/10.7150/ijbs.45134

Yuki K, Fujiogi M & Koutsogiannaki S. (2020). COVID-19 pathophysiology: A review. Clin Immunol Orlando Fla. 215:108427. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clim.2020.108427

Zhang, Y., Xiao, M., Zhang, S., Xia, P., Cao, W., Jiang, W., ... Zhang, S. (2020). Coagulopathy and antiphospholipid antibodies in patients with Covid-19. N Engl J Med. 382(17):e38. doi: https://doi.org/ 10.1056/NEJMc2007575

Zhang, C., Shi, L., & Wang, F. S. (2020). Liver injury in COVID-19: management and challenges. The lancet. Gastroenterology & hepatology, 5(5), 428–430. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/S2468-1253(20)30057-1

Zhang, J. J., Dong, X., Cao, Y. Y., Yuan, Y. D., Yang, Y. B., Yan, Y., …Gao, Y. D. (2020). Clinical characteristics of 140 patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 in Wuhan, China. Allergy, 75(7), 1730–1741. doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/all.14238

Zhou, F., Yu, T., Du, R., Fan, G., Liu, Y., Liu, Z., …Cao, B. (2020). Clinical course and risk factors for mortality of adult inpatients with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China: a retrospective cohort study. Lancet (London, England), 395(10229), 1054–1062. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30566-3

Publicado

24/01/2022

Cómo citar

SILVA, G. F. R. da; CALLANTE, A. A. .; NASCIMENTO, D. P. do; ARAÚJO, I. P. de; RIBEIRO, C. H. M. A. .; LO PRETE, A. C. Comparación de perfiles bioquímicos y hematológicos de pacientes con COVID-19 en sus diferentes desenlaces: alta hospitalaria y muerte. Research, Society and Development, [S. l.], v. 11, n. 2, p. e25611225772, 2022. DOI: 10.33448/rsd-v11i2.25772. Disponível em: https://rsdjournal.org/index.php/rsd/article/view/25772. Acesso em: 22 dic. 2024.

Número

Sección

Ciencias de la salud