Técnicas de eliminación de metales de aguas residuales: una revisión de la literatura
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v11i2.26100Palabras clave:
Efluentes con metales; Técnicas de tratamiento; Revisión.Resumen
Debido al crecimiento de las industrias, crece considerablemente la generación de efluentes con metales, ocasionando daños a la fauna y flora. La preocupación por el destino de los metales generados ha llevado al desarrollo de métodos para eliminar los contaminantes de las aguas residuales. El presente estudio revisa los avances en las técnicas de remoción en los últimos años. En este trabajo se evaluó la remoción de metales desde la perspectiva de procesos de adsorción (los componentes de la fase fluida son transferidos a la superficie o poros de una fase sólida, removiendo así las moléculas de adsorbato), biosorción (unión de iones de las moléculas en solución que se unen a los grupos funcionales presentes en la superficie), electrodiálisis (transporte de iones a través de membranas de intercambio iónico a través de una diferencia de potencial eléctrico como fuerza motriz), ósmosis inversa (una membrana está diseñada para permitir el paso del agua mientras retiene los solutos), ultrafiltración ( separación de iones metálicos mediante un proceso de filtración de membrana), precipitación química (combinación de la adición de un agente coagulante seguido de ajuste de pH), precipitación de sulfuro (usando sulfuro como precipitador de los iones metálicos presentes), biominería (los microorganismos facilitan la extracción y recuperación de metales) y biolixiviación (solubilización de metales y reciclado dada la acción de micro-o organismos oxidantes).
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Derechos de autor 2022 João Marcos dos Reis; Ana Beatriz Soares Aguiar; Gabriel Freitas; Vitor Chinatto Vassoler; Gabriela Vaz Lobo Barros; Gabriela Espirito Santos; Irina Ramirez; Renata Piacentini Rodriguez
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