Sustitución parcial del maíz por glicerina y aceites vegetales (anacardo y ricino) como aditivo en dietas alternativas de toros mestizos terminados en confinamiento: características de la canal y evaluación del músculo Longissimus lumborum
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v11i3.26418Palabras clave:
Ácido de anacardium; Biocombustibles; Energía; Glicerol; Calidad de la carne; Ácido ricinoleico.Resumen
Este trabajo se llevó a cabo para estudiar los efectos de la sustitución del grano de maíz por glicerina (812 g de glicerol por kg/MS) y aceites vegetales (anacardo y ricino) sobre las características de la canal y la calidad de la carne de ganado bovino de engorde no castrados. Un total de 32 bovinos Purunã (¼ Aberdeen Angus + ¼ Caracu + ¼ Charolaise + ¼ Canchim) con edad media de 12 ± 2,0 meses y peso corporal medio de 206,1 ± 20,0 kg fueron distribuidos en un diseño completamente al azar con cuatro dietas y ocho repeticiones por dieta. Las cuatro dietas experimentales fueron: CONT – dieta basal; VOIL – dieta basal y adición de aceites vegetales (3 g/animal/día); GLIC – dieta basal y adición de glicerina (20,1% glicerina en DM); GLVO – dieta basal y adición de glicerol (20,1% de glicerina en base a MS) y aceites vegetales (3 g/animal/día). La dieta GLVO mejoró la conformación de la canal (+12,8%) en comparación con las dietas CONT y GLYC. Asimismo, el espesor de grasa y la proporción de grasa en la canal fueron mayores en el grupo GLVO (+25,6% y +14,3%, respectivamente) en comparación con el grupo CONT. Las dietas que contenían glicerina y aceites vegetales aumentaron el peso de la canal caliente (+5,0%) y fría (+5,1%) en comparación con la dieta CONT. Las dietas que contenían aceites vegetales (VOIL y GLVO) mejoraron (+3,4%) el rendimiento de la canal en comparación con la dieta CONT. La inclusión de glicerina y aceites vegetales no afectó la área del músculo Longissimus (68,0 cm2), la textura (4,24 puntos), el veteado (6,68 puntos) ni el color (3,51 puntos) 24 h post mortem. De manera similar, el color instrumental en términos de luminosidad (32,4), rojo (13,9), amarillo (4,94), croma (14,8) y tono de ángulo (19,1) a las 24 h post mortem no se vio afectado por la dieta. Finalmente, la dieta no afectó la humedad (26,6%), cenizas (1,1%), proteína cruda (21,6%), lípidos totales (2,2%), WBS (3,1 kgf), TBARS (0,28 mg MDA por kg de carne) o calorías (225,5 kcal/100 g) de la carne. Así, hasta un 20% de glicerina en MS y aceites vegetales de marañón y ricino podría incorporarse a la dieta de bovinos terminados en cebaderos durante 250 días y alimentados con una dieta de alta densidad energética.
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