Hongos endófitos: Beneficios para las plantas y potencial biotecnológico
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v11i4.27008Palabras clave:
Endófito; Relación mutualista; Resistencia antimicrobiana; Sustancias bioactivas.Resumen
Hongos endófitos son microorganismos que viven en el interior de las plantas, estableciendo una relación mutualista, donde ambos se benefician de esta interacción. Requieren nutrientes y protección de las plantas anfitrionas y, a cambio, los hongos contribuyen al crecimiento y la absorción de nutrientes de sus anfitriones. Además, pueden mejorar la tolerancia de las plantas al estrés abiótico y biótico y aumentar la resistencia de las plantas a insectos y plagas. Los hongos endófitos producen compuestos bioactivos similares a los producidos por las plantas hospedantes. La explotación económica de estos compuestos bioactivos es muy prometedora. Estos productos bioactivos están relacionados con los sistemas de producción sostenible y el desarrollo de nuevas sustancias con una fuerte propiedades farmacológicas como antivirales, antifúngicos, antiinflamatorios, antitumorales, antiparasitarios, antidiabéticos e inmunosupresores, incluida la respuesta a microorganismos resistentes. Este estudio es una revisión descriptiva, con el objetivo de abordar los principales beneficios de los hongos endófitos para las plantas hospederas, bien como la aplicación biotecnológica de los compuestos bioactivos producidos por ellos. La prospección de endófitos en ambientes extremos puede resultar en el descubrimiento de nuevos compuestos bioactivos con un potencial sorprendente para el campo de la biotecnología. Por lo tanto, el desarrollo de nuevas fronteras de investigación en este tema es fundamental para la exploración sostenible de los grandes beneficios que estos microorganismos pueden proporcionar a la ciencia.
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Derechos de autor 2022 Sybelle Georgia Mesquita da Silva; Breno Araújo de Melo; Micheline Thais dos Santos; Raisa Rodrigues Santos Rios; Camila Matos de Santa’Anna Santos; Karlos Antônio Lisboa Ribeiro Júnior; Fernanda Cristina de Albuquerque Maranhão; Tania Marta Carvalho dos Santos; Angelina Bossi Fraga
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