Avances recientes en biotecnologia ambiental: papel de los biosurfactantes en la remediación de metales pesados
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v11i5.27453Palabras clave:
Biosurfactantes; Metales pesados; Remediación.Resumen
La contaminación del suelo por metales pesados es resultado de diferentes actividades como la minería, la fundición de metales, la producción de baterías para automóviles. Los metales pesados pueden causar peligros ambientales como la contaminación de los sistemas biológicos y el subsuelo a través del proceso de lixiviación, diversas perturbaciones y enfermedades en los humanos si ingresan al ecosistema debido a su alta toxicidad ambiental y difícil degradabilidad. Los compuestos tensioactivos biológicos no tóxicos y biodegradables, también conocidos como biotensioactivos, se están utilizando para remediar suelos contaminados por metales pesados. El objetivo de la presente revisión aborda la aplicación potencial de los biosurfactantes en la remoción de metales pesados y en los procesos involucrados en la biorremediación. El presente estudio es una revisión narrativa, que consiste en una extensa revisión bibliográfica. Las búsquedas de los artículos utilizados para componer este estudio se realizaron en bases de datos científicas digitales, utilizando términos y palabras clave. Esta revisión proporcionó información sobre la aplicación de biosurfactantes como una alternativa prometedora en la eliminación de metales pesados y la biorremediación de derrames de petróleo.
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