Técnicas no farmacológicas para reducir el dolor y la ansiedad en parturientas sometidas a parto vaginal: una revisión sistemática

Autores/as

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v11i5.27921

Palabras clave:

Ansiedad; Parto normal; Terapias complementarias.

Resumen

Objetivo: Analizar las principales técnicas no farmacológicas para reducir la ansiedad en parturientas en parto vaginal. Metodología: Se trata de una revisión sistemática realizada mediante el método PRISMA, en las bases de datos electrónicas PubMed, Scopus y Web of Science, utilizando los siguientes descriptores: “pregnancy”, “parturition”, “natural childbirth”, “anxiety”, “therapeutics” y “complementary therapies”. Se incluyeron artículos completos, disponibles en portugués, inglés o español, publicados entre enero de 2016 y diciembre de 2021 y que proporcionaron una descripción detallada de las intervenciones para reducir la ansiedad en mujeres sometidas a parto vaginal. Resultados: 11 artículos conformaron la muestra final de este estudio, con la mayor frecuencia de publicación en 2016 (n: 04) y mayor producción de Irán (n: 04) y Brasil (n: 03). Todos los estudios utilizaron la metodología de un ensayo clínico controlado aleatorizado, caracterizándose los estudios como de fuerte nivel de evidencia (II). Las técnicas no farmacológicas más utilizadas para reducir la ansiedad fueron: aromaterapia (n: 04), hidroterapia con ducha caliente y ejercicios perineales con balón (n: 02), musicoterapia (n: 02), técnicas de respiración (n: 02) y masaje (n: 01). Los períodos de estas intervenciones variaron de 10 minutos a 2 horas, con una duración más frecuente de 30 minutos. Conclusión: Se encontraron seis técnicas no farmacológicas para reducir la ansiedad en parturientas en parto vaginal, con diferentes tamaños de efecto, especialmente aromaterapia y musicoterapia.

Biografía del autor/a

José William Araújo do Nascimento, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco

Enfermeiro pela Universidade Católica de Pernambuco (Unicap), Especialista em Anatomia Humana pela Uninter e Mestrando em Informática Médica pela Universidade Federal de Pernambuco (Cin-UFPE).

Mariana Rodrigues Buarque de Vasconcelos, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco

Graduanda de Enfermagem pela Universidade Federal de Pernambuco (UFPE)

Julyana da Silva de Oliveira, Centro Universitário Maurício de Nassau

Cirurgiã-dentista pelo Centro Universitário Maurício de Nassau (UNINASSAU)

Jéssica Lucas de Santana, Centro Universitário Maurício de Nassau

Enfermeira pelo Centro Universitário Maurício de Nassau (UNINASSAU)

Jaqueline Maria da Silva, Centro Universitário Brasileiro

Enfermeira pelo Centro Universitário Brasileiro (UNIBRA)

Joana Gabriela Farias Lourenço dos Santos, Centro Universitário Estácio do Recife

Enfermeira pelo Centro Universitário Estácio do Recife

Gerson Waltrudes da Silva Neto, Centro Universitário Brasileiro

Graduando de Enfermagem pelo Centro Universitário Brasileiro (UNIBRA)

Igor Henrique Mendes Ribeiro de Miranda, Faculdade de Ciências Humanas de Olinda

Graduando de Enfermagem pela Faculdade de Ciências Humanas de Olinda (FACHO)

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Publicado

28/03/2022

Cómo citar

NASCIMENTO, J. W. A. do .; VASCONCELOS, M. R. B. de .; OLIVEIRA, J. da S. de .; SANTANA, J. L. de .; SILVA, J. M. da .; SANTOS, J. G. F. L. dos .; SILVA NETO, G. W. da .; MIRANDA, I. H. M. R. de . Técnicas no farmacológicas para reducir el dolor y la ansiedad en parturientas sometidas a parto vaginal: una revisión sistemática. Research, Society and Development, [S. l.], v. 11, n. 5, p. e2511527921, 2022. DOI: 10.33448/rsd-v11i5.27921. Disponível em: https://rsdjournal.org/index.php/rsd/article/view/27921. Acesso em: 30 jun. 2024.

Número

Sección

Ciencias de la salud