Factores de riesgo de neumonía asociada al ventilador: Revisión del alcance
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v11i5.28126Palabras clave:
Neumonía asociada al ventilador; Unidades de cuidados intensivos; Factores de riesgo; Neumonía nosocomial; Infección nosocomial; Ventilacion mecânica.Resumen
El objetivo del estudio fue identificar y sintetizar la literatura sobre factores de riesgo de neumonía asociada a ventilación mecánica en pacientes ingresados en Unidades de Cuidados Intensivos. Esta es una revisión de la literatura del tipo Scope Review, de acuerdo con las pautas propuestas por el Instituto Joanna Briggs y basada en la guía de PRISMA-ScR (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyzes extension for Scoping Reviews). Identificamos 23 factores de riesgo para la evolución de la neumonía asociada a la ventilación mecánica. Los principales factores identificados incluyen: estancia hospitalaria más prolongada, abordaje de la vía aérea, tiempo de ventilación mecánica invasiva, gravedad de la enfermedad primaria y uso prolongado de antibióticos. En cuanto a los niveles de evidencia, el nivel 3 predominó entre las producciones y solo un estudio se desarrolló con un modelo experimental. Así, se concluye que es necesario realizar ensayos clínicos que puedan dilucidar, a la vista del enfoque de comparación intergrupal, los diferentes factores de riesgo, así como evaluar los posibles factores protectores para el desarrollo de Neumonía asociada a la Ventilación Mecánica.
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Derechos de autor 2022 Milena Santana Santos; Washington da Silva Santos; Thaís dos Santos Santana; Vitória Dias Santana
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