Principales manifestaciones neurológicas asociadas al SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19): una revisión narrativa de la literatura

Autores/as

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v11i7.30359

Palabras clave:

SARS-CoV-2; Manifestaciones neurológicas; COVID-19; Enseñanza en salud.

Resumen

Introducción: La infección por el nuevo coronavirus tiene un carácter heterogéneo, multifactorial y, a pesar de un mayor compromiso respiratorio, constituye una afectación multisistémica que puede afectar al sistema nervioso, generando secuelas complejas. Objetivo: abordar las principales manifestaciones neurológicas de la COVID-19, para una mejor comprensión de la enfermedad por parte de profesionales de la salud y académicos. Metodología: se trata de una narrativa de literatura, realizada a partir de la búsqueda de publicaciones científicas indexadas en las bases de datos: PubMed, MEDLINE, Scielo, CDSR, Google Scholar, BVS y EBSCO. Se utilizaron los siguientes descriptores: con los descriptores "SARS-CoV-2", "síntomas neurológicos", "COVID-19", "proteína de pico", "ACE2". Al final de las búsquedas, 40 publicaciones cumplieron con los criterios de elegibilidad y fueron seleccionadas para componer el estudio. Resultados: frente a los hallazgos extraídos de los estudios seleccionados, se percibió que las manifestaciones neurológicas más frecuentemente relatadas son: cefalea, anosmia, ageusia y ocurrencia de eventos cerebrovasculares (ACV, TVC). Además, la infección por SARS-CoV-2 también se ha relacionado como un factor de riesgo para la aparición del Síndrome de Guillain-Barré, encefalitis y cambios en los niveles de conciencia. Conclusión: este estudio permitió reflexionar sobre la variedad de manifestaciones neurológicas provocadas por el COVID-19, así como la complejidad que implica el manejo de esta enfermedad. Se sugiere realizar estudios más detallados sobre el tema para esclarecer mejor los hallazgos y el manejo clínico a adoptar.

Citas

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Publicado

05/06/2022

Cómo citar

SANTOS NETO, M. P. dos. Principales manifestaciones neurológicas asociadas al SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19): una revisión narrativa de la literatura. Research, Society and Development, [S. l.], v. 11, n. 7, p. e58511730359, 2022. DOI: 10.33448/rsd-v11i7.30359. Disponível em: https://rsdjournal.org/index.php/rsd/article/view/30359. Acesso em: 17 jul. 2024.

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