Estudio del papel del estrés oxidativo y los antioxidantes en la infección por SARS-CoV-2: una revisión sistemática
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v11i8.31346Palabras clave:
COVID-19; Inflamación; Micronutrientes; Compuestos fenólicos.Resumen
Con la llegada del SARS-CoV-2, el mundo se encontró en una guerra contra la enfermedad causada por el virus. Este puede llevar al compromiso de sistemas, como el ciclo celular, el estrés, los sistemas inmunológico y metabólico, conduciendo al deterioro de la renina-angiotensina, que está involucrada en el funcionamiento de los órganos vitales. Al mismo tiempo, existe un desequilibrio en el sistema redox, provocado por la tormenta de citocinas inflamatorias, típica de la enfermedad. Estos desequilibrios son puntos importantes para un peor pronóstico de la enfermedad, además de la existencia de enfermedades previas y edad avanzada. Por estas razones, se ha especulado mucho sobre el uso de antioxidantes para prevenir o combatir lo virus. En este contexto, esta revisión sistemática buscó comprender los efectos de los antioxidantes en la infección por SARS-CoV-2. Utilizando la base de datos Medline/Pubmed, se exploraron datos de estudios clínicos y observacionales retrospectivos y prospectivos, seleccionando un total de 25 estudios. El tamaño de la muestra varió de 12 a 4314 individuos y la edad promedio fue de 55,27 ± 11,82. La mayoría de los estudios usaron vitamina D (n = 10) como intervención, seguida de vitamina C (n = 6), zinc (n = 5), y compuestos fenólicos (n=4). En cuanto a la valoración de la calidad de los estudios, se encontró un promedio de 7,38 puntos para los estudios clínicos y 9,28 puntos para los estudios observacionales, lo que indica una buena calidad metodológica. Aunque existe alguna evidencia que apunta a los beneficios del uso de antioxidantes contra la enfermedad, todavía no es posible llegar a un consenso sobre su papel real, lo que se debe a la heterogeneidad de los estudios y a la discrepancia entre los resultados publicados.
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Derechos de autor 2022 Pedro Henrique Zatti; João Vitor Ferlito; Catia dos Santos Branco
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