Métodos de evaluación de la función masticatoria: Análisis crítico de literatura seleccionada
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v11i10.31390Palabras clave:
Capacidad de mezcla; Función oral; Rendimiento masticatorio; Masticación; Alimento de prueba.Resumen
Objetivo: Identificar el método ideal o más adecuado de evaluación de la función masticatoria para un determinado tipo de tratamiento o grupo de pacientes. Metodología: Se realizó una búsqueda en las bases de datos MEDLINE, Science Direct y Embase de artículos publicados desde 1990. Inicialmente se seleccionaron artículos en base a sus títulos y resúmenes, y luego de aplicar criterios de inclusión o exclusión, algunos de ellos fueron seleccionados para lectura completa. Los estudios fueron sometidos a evaluación cuantitativa y cualitativa y análisis/riesgo de sesgo. Resultados: De los 1514 estudios realizados en la búsqueda inicial, 51 fueron seleccionados para un análisis completo. Las ventajas de los alimentos de prueba como Optocal y Optosil incluyeron la confiabilidad y la capacidad de estandarización, mientras que sus desventajas fueron el alto tiempo de procesamiento de datos y la dureza del material. La cera fue mencionada por su facilidad de masticación y rapidez en la realización de la prueba, con los inconvenientes de la necesidad de manipular el material y la influencia de la temperatura, además de la baja palatabilidad o mal sabor. La goma de mascar exhibió en la prueba una rápida y fácil aplicación y manejo, con bajo costo y buena confiabilidad, además de estar comercialmente disponible. Otros, como los ositos de goma, las cápsulas de fucsina y los alimentos naturales, aún necesitan una mayor estandarización para su uso rutinario. Conclusión: Entre las metodologías existentes, aquellas que han sido utilizadas en pocos estudios o no han sido validadas o requieren datos adicionales, por el momento no tienen su indicación recomendada. Optocal y Optosil deben estar indicados para pacientes que no tienen limitación de su función masticatoria, debido a la dureza del material. La goma de mascar es un alimento de prueba más apropiado para pacientes con una función masticatoria deteriorada o limitada. Su practicidad para ser utilizado en pruebas y evaluación de resultados lo hace más comprensible y reproducible para diferentes tipos de pacientes y tratamientos que necesitan evaluar su función masticatoria.
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